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S. Bittner, E. Kieff, D. Windhorst, P. Meier (1973)
The use of the unstimulated nitroblue tetrazolium test as a routine screening test for bacterial infection in an adult population: a reassessment.American journal of clinical pathology, 60 6
B. Park, S. Fikrig, E. Smithwick (1968)
Infection and nitroblue-tetrazolium reduction by neutrophils. A diagnostic acid.Lancet, 2 7567
R. Allen, R. Stjernholm, R. Steele (1972)
Evidence for the generation of an electronic excitation state(s) in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and its participation in bactericidal activity.Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 47 4
L. Kaplow (1968)
LEUKOCYTE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE CYTOCHEMISTRY: APPLICATIONS AND METHODS *Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 155
B. Park (1971)
The use and limitations of the nitroblue tetrazolium test as a diagnostic aid.The Journal of pediatrics, 78 2
L. Pachman, P. Jayanetra, R. Rothberg (1973)
Rheumatoid sera and soluble complexes: nitroblue tetrazolium dye test and hexose monophosphate shunt activation.Pediatrics, 52 6
DorothyB. Windhorst, Beulah Holmes, Robert Good (1967)
A newly defined X-linked trait in man with demonstration of the Lyon effect in carrier females.Lancet, 1 7493
Mauer AM Strauss RG (1972)
Metabolic activation of human neutrophils with zymosan treated serumClin Res, 20
Kaplow LS (1968)
Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase cytochemistry: Applications and methodsAnn NY Acad Sci, 155
B. Babior, R. Kipnes, J. Curnutte (1973)
Biological defense mechanisms. The production by leukocytes of superoxide, a potential bactericidal agent.The Journal of clinical investigation, 52 3
D. Nathan, R. Baehner, D. Weaver (1969)
Failure of nitro blue tetrazolium reduction in the phagocytic vacuoles of leukocytes in chronic granulomatous disease.The Journal of clinical investigation, 48 10
R. Baehner, N. Gilman, M. Karnovsky (1970)
Respiration and glucose oxidation in human and guinea pig leukocytes: comparative studies.The Journal of clinical investigation, 49 4
R. Baehner, D. Nathan (1968)
Quantitative nitroblue tetrazolium test in chronic granulomatous disease.The New England journal of medicine, 278 18
G. Iyer, M. Islam, J. Quastel (1961)
Biochemical Aspects of PhagocytosisNature, 192
R. Steigbigel, P. Johnson, J. Remington (1974)
The nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test versus conventional hematology in the diagnosis of bacterial infection.The New England journal of medicine, 290 5
Keele B Johnson RB Jr (1973)
Inhibition of phagocytic bactericidal activity by superoxide dismutase: A possible role for superoxide anion in the killing of phagocytized bacteriaJ Clin Invest, 52
H. Park, R. Good (1970)
N.B.T. test stimulated.Lancet, 2 7673
A. Humphrey (1944)
Use of the Buffy Layer in the Rapid Diagnosis of SepticemiaAmerican Journal of Clinical Pathology, 14
G. Matula, P. Paterson (1971)
Spontaneous in vitro reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium by neutrophils of adult patients with bacterial infection.The New England journal of medicine, 285 6
K. Tsou, Chao Cheng, M. Nachlas, A. Seligman (1956)
Syntheses of Some p-Nitrophenyl Substituted Tetrazolium Salts as Electron Acceptors for the Demonstration of Dehydrogenases1Journal of the American Chemical Society, 78
Fikrig SM Park BN (1968)
Infection and nitroblue-tetrazolium reduction by neutrophilsLancet, 2
R. Baehner, D. Nathan (1967)
Leukocyte Oxidase: Defective Activity in Chronic Granulomatous DiseaseScience, 155
J. Shaffer, C. Kucera, W. Spink (1952)
THE PROTECTION OF INTRACELLULAR BRUCELLA AGAINST THERAPEUTIC AGENTS AND THE BACTERICIDAL ACTION OF SERUMThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 97
Trustey SF Segal AW (1973)
Reevaluation of nitroblue-tetrazolium testLancet, 2
Robert Giffordt, Stephen Malawistat (1972)
The nitroblue tetrazolium reaction in human granulocytes adherent to a surface.The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 45
Abstract The rediscovery in 1966 that phagocytizing leukocytes reduce soluble yellow nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) to an insoluble purple formazan led to the design of tests to more accurately quantitate this observation.1 As is often the case, the initial observation of this unique response was reported in 19532 but ignored for more than a decade. Those who wish to observe NBT reduction by phagocytizing leukocytes will be both delighted and intrigued by it. The procedure is simple: a drop of anticoagulated, leukocyte-rich plasma removed from a sedimented sample of whole blood is placed on a glass slide containing a drop of NBT dissolved in normal saline and both are mixed with a suspension of ingestable particles, eg, zymosan.3 Shortly after the phagocyte reaches the particle, a violaceous color appears precisely at that point of contact. As the particle becomes entrapped within the cell, a deep purple precipitate develops References 1. Baehner RL, Nathan DG: Leukocyte oxidase: Defective activity in chronic granulomatous disease . Science 155:835-836, 1967.Crossref 2. Shaffer JM, Kucera CJ, Spink WW: The protection of intracellular Brucella against therapeutic agents and the bactericidal action of serum . J Exp Med 97:77-89, 1953.Crossref 3. Nathan DG, Baehner RL, Weaver DK: Failure of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction in the phagocytic vacuoles of leukocytes in chronic granulomatous disease . J Clin Invest 48:1895-1904, 1969.Crossref 4. Windhorst DB, Holmes B, Good RA: A newly defined x-linked trait in man with demonstration of the Lyon effect in carrier females . Lancet 1:737-739, 1967.Crossref 5. Tsou KC, Cheng CS, Nachlas MM, et al: Synthesis of some p-nitrophenyl substituted tetrazolium salts as electron acceptors for the demonstration of dehydrogenase . J Am Chem Soc 78:6139-6144, 1956.Crossref 6. Baehner RL, Gilman N, Karnovsky ML: Respiration and glucose oxidation in human and guinea pig leukocytes: Comparative studies . J Clin Invest 49:692-700, 1970.Crossref 7. Iyer GY, Islam MF, Quastel JH: Biochemical aspects of phagocytosis . Nature 192:535-541, 1961.Crossref 8. Babior BM, Kipnes RS, Curnutte JT: Biological defense mechanisms: The production by leukocytes of superoxide, a potential bactericidal agent . J Clin Invest 52:741-744, 1973.Crossref 9. Johnson RB Jr, Keele B, Webb L, et al: Inhibition of phagocytic bactericidal activity by superoxide dismutase: A possible role for superoxide anion in the killing of phagocytized bacteria . J Clin Invest 52:44a, 1973. 10. Allen RC, Stjernholm RL, Steele RH: Evidence of the generation of an electronic excitation state(s) in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and its participation in bactericidal activity . Biochem Biophys Res Commun 47:679-691, 1972.Crossref 11. Baehner RL, Nathan DG: Quantitative nitroblue tetrazolium test in chronic granulomatous disease . N Engl J Med 278: 971-976, 1968.Crossref 12. Park BN, Fikrig SM, Smithwick EM: Infection and nitroblue-tetrazolium reduction by neutrophils . Lancet 2:532-534, 1968.Crossref 13. Park BH: The use and limitations of the nitroblue tetrazolium test as a diagnostic aid . J Pediatr 78:376-378, 1971.Crossref 14. Matula G, Paterson PY: Spontaneous in vitro reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium by neutrophils of adult patients with bacterial infection . N Engl J Med 285:311-317, 1971.Crossref 15. Park BH, Good RA: N.B.T. test stimulated . Lancet 2:616, 1970.Crossref 16. Pachman LM, Jayanctra P, Rothberg RM: Rheumatoid sera and soluble complexes: Nitroblue tetrazolium dye test and hexose monophosphate shunt activation . Pediatrics 52:823-830, 1973. 17. Strauss RG, Mauer AM, Asbrock T: Metabolic activation of human neutrophils with zymosan treated serum , abstracted. Clin Res 20:501, 1972. 18. Bittner SJ, Kieff E, Windhorst D, et al: The use of the unstimulated nitroblue tetrazolium test as a routine screening test for bacterial infection in an adult population: A reassessment . Am J Clin Pathol 60:843-853, 1973. 19. Segal AW, Trustey SF, Levi AJ: Reevaluation of nitroblue-tetrazolium test . Lancet 2:879-883, 1973.Crossref 20. Steigbigel RT, Johnson PK, Remington JS: The nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test versus conventional hematology in the diagnosis of bacterial infection . N Engl J Med 290:235-238, 1974.Crossref 21. Gifford RH, Malawista SE: The nitroblue tetrazolium reaction in human granulocytes adherent to a surface . Yale J Biol Med 45:119-132, 1973. 22. Humphrey AA: Use of the buffy layer in the rapid diagnosis of septicemia . Am J Clin Pathol 14:358-362, 1944. 23. Kaplow LS: Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase cytochemistry: Applications and methods . Ann NY Acad Sci 155:911-947, 1968.Crossref
American Journal of Diseases of Children – American Medical Association
Published: Oct 1, 1974
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