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J. A. Sicard (1925)
Cordotomie laterale anterieure pour les algies incurableRev. Neurol., 1
S. Rothman (1926)
Über die Juckempfindung in ekzematöser HautArch. Dermat. u. Syph., 150
Y. Zotterman (1939)
Touch, pain and tickling: an electro‐physiological investigation on cutaneous sensory nervesThe Journal of Physiology, 95
P. Chatfield (1958)
Fundamentals of clinical neurophysiologyPsychosomatic Medicine, 20
T. Sjoqvis (1940)
STUDIES ON PAIN CONDUCTION IN THE TRIGEMINAL NERVEJournal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 92
G. Ungar (1953)
Biochemical mechanism of the allergic reaction.International archives of allergy and applied immunology, 4 4
G. McMurray (1950)
Experimental study of a case of insensitivity to pain.A.M.A. archives of neurology and psychiatry, 64 5
E. D. Adrian (1930)
The Effects of Injury on Mammalian Nerve FibersProc. Roy. Soc. London, (S. B.), 106
F. Cormia (1952)
Experimental Histamine PruritusJournal of Investigative Dermatology, 19
O. Hyndman, J. Wolkin (1943)
ANTERIOR CHORDOTOMY: FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON PHYSIOLOGIC RESULTS AND OPTIMUM MANNER OF PERFORMANCEJournal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 50
D. Kendall, B. Symonds (1952)
EPILEPTIFORM ATTACKS DUE TO MYXOMA OF THE RIGHT AURICLEBritish Heart Journal, 14
R. Arthur, W. Shelley (1956)
Studies on pruritus.Transactions of the Association of American Physicians, 69
F. E. Cormia (1952)
Experimental Histamine Pruritus: I. Influence of Physical and Psychological Factors on Threshold ReactivityJ. Invest. Dermat., 19
J. M. Shelton (1957)
Distention Anesthesia for Minor Dermatological ProceduresA. M. A. Arch. Dermat., 75
P. Heinbecker, G. Bishop, J. O'leary (1934)
ANALYSIS OF SENSATION IN TERMS OF THE NERVE IMPULSEJournal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 31
J. G. Kepecs (1956)
Studies in ItchingA. M. A. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat., 76
F. Mcintosh (1956)
Histamine‐releasing drugsThe Laryngoscope, 66
W. Nagel
Handbuch der Physiologie des Menschen.
S. Rothman (1922)
Beiträge zur Physiologie der JuckempfindungArch. Dermat. u. Syph., 139
J. Tomasch (1952)
Die Innere Struktur peripherer menschlicher Nerven im Lichte faseranalytischer UntersuchungenActa Anat., 16
R. G. Bickford (1939)
The Fibre Dissociation Produced by Cooling Human NervesClin. Sc., 4
W. Feldberg, S. Sherwood (1954)
Behaviour of cats after intraventricular injections of eserine and DFPThe Journal of Physiology, 125
R. Arthur, W. Shelley (1955)
The role of proteolytic enzymes in the production of pruritus in man.The Journal of investigative dermatology, 25 5
J. Tomasch, H. Schwarzacher (1952)
DIE INNERE STRUKTUR PERIPHERER MENSCHLICHER NERVEN IM LICHTE FASERANALYTISCHER UNTERSUCHUNGENCells Tissues Organs, 16
P. Lele, G. Weddell (1956)
The relationship between neurohistology and corneal sensibility.Brain : a journal of neurology, 79 1
S. Rothman (1954)
Physiology and biochemistry of the skin
H. S. Gasser (1934)
Conduction in Nerves in Relation to Fiber TypesA. Research Nerv. & Ment. Dis. Proc., 15
H. Sigel (1952)
Cutaneous Sensory Threshold Stimulation with High Frequency Square-Wave Current: I. The Relationship of Electrode Dimensions to the Sensory ThresholdJ. Invest. Dermat., 18
W. Feldberg (1954)
ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HISTAMINE *Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 6
O. Sjöqvist (1938)
Studies on Pain Conduction in the Trigeminal NerveActa Psychiat. et Neurol.
F. B. Benjamin , H. Beerman (1955)
Allergic Contact Dermatitis Due to Histamine-Releasing Drug 48-80A. M. A. Arch. Dermat., 71
T. Lewis, Y. Zotterman (1927)
Vascular reactions of the skin to injuryThe Journal of Physiology, 62
J. Tomasch, H. Schwarzacher (1952)
The inner structure of human peripheral nerves in the light of analytical fiber investigation, 16
H. Ehrenwald (1929)
Klinische und experimentelle Untersuchungen über das JuckgefühlWien. klin. Wchnschr., 42
R. Ito (1953)
Experimental Studies on Itch Sensation: I. Stimulation and Narcotization by Itching SubstancesNagoya J. M. Sc., 16
D. Sinclair (1955)
Cutaneous sensation and the doctrine of specific energy.Brain : a journal of neurology, 78 4
F. Cormia, V. Kuykendall (1954)
Experimental histamine pruritus. III. Influence of drugs on the itch threshold.A.M.A. archives of dermatology and syphilology, 69 2
E. Kahn (1933)
ANTEROLATERAL CHORDOTOMY FOR INTRACTABLE PAINJAMA, 100
L. Törok (1907)
Über das Wesen der JuckempfindungZtschr. Psychol., 46
T. Lewis (1937)
Double Pain Response of Human Skin to a Single StimulusClin. Sc., 3
K. Bowden, B. Brown, J. Batty (1954)
5-Hydroxytryptamine: its Occurrence in CowhageNature, 174
I. Magnus, R. Thompson (1956)
CHOLINESTERASE LEVELS IN THE SKIN IN CHOLINOGENIC URTICARIA AND PRURITUS.British Journal of Dermatology, 68
S. S. Tower (1943)
Pain: Definition and Properties of the Unit for Sensory Reception.A. Research Nerv. & Ment. Dis., Proc., 23
J. Tomasch, W. Britton (1956)
On the individual variability of fibre composition in human peripheral nerves.Journal of anatomy, 90 3
A. Beloff, R. Peters (1945)
Observations upon thermal burns: the influence of moderate temperature burns upon a proteinase of skinThe Journal of Physiology, 103
F. Macintosh (1956)
XXXII Histamine-Releasing DrugsAnnals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 65
G. A. McMurray (1950)
Experimental Study of a Case of Insensitivity to PainArch. Neurol. & Psychiat., 64
A. Beloff (1945)
Observations upon Thermal BurnsJ. Physiol., 103
P. Lele, D. Sinclair, G. Weddell (1954)
The reaction time to touchThe Journal of Physiology, 123
G. Ungar (1956)
Ciba Foundation Symposium on Histamine
J. Broadbent (1955)
Observations on histamine-induced pruritus and pain.British journal of pharmacology and chemotherapy, 10 2
A. Leimdorfer, W. Metzner (1949)
Analgesia and anesthesia induced by epinephrine.The American journal of physiology, 157 1
R. E. Lee , H. L. Williams (1949)
A Warm Wire AlgesimeterFed. Proc., 8
M. von Frey (1910)
Physiologie des Sinnesorgane des menschlichen HautErgebn. Physiol., 9
F. Schiller (1956)
The Cutaneous Sensory Modalities: A Critique of Their "Specificity,"A. M. A. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat., 75
G. H. Bishop (1943)
Responses to Electrical Stimulation of Single Sensory Units of the SkinJ. Neurophysiol., 6
F. Cormia, V. Kuykendall (1953)
Experimental histamine pruritus. II. Nature; physical and environmental factors influencing development and severity.The Journal of investigative dermatology, 20 6
H. Beecher (1955)
The powerful placebo.Journal of the American Medical Association, 159 17
H. Head (1921)
STUDIES IN NEUROLOGYJournal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 53
E. Rajka, S. Kórossy, M. Gózony (1956)
Zur Pathogenese des urtikariell-entzündlichen JuckensDermatology, 112
F. Winkler (1910)
Studien über das Zustandekommen der JuckempfindungArch. Dermat. u. Syph., 99
W. B. Shelley (1955)
Studies on Cowhage (Mucuna Pruriens) and Its Pruritogenic Proteinase, MucunainA. M. A. Arch. Dermat., 72
F. Melton, W. Shelley (1950)
The effect of topical antipruritic therapy on experimentally induced pruritus in man.The Journal of investigative dermatology, 15 4
V. Longo (1936)
Sulla topografia della sensibilità del "prurito,"Arch. fisiol., 36
H. Sigel (1952)
Cutaneous sensory threshold stimulation with high frequency square-wave current. II. The relationship of body site and of skin diseases to the sensory threshold.The Journal of investigative dermatology, 18 6
A. Ivy, C. Tanturi, R. Hernandez, E. Baroso (1948)
URTICARIAL REACTION INDUCED IN THE DOG BY INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF SORBITOL MONOLAURATEArchives of Dermatology, 58
F. E. Cormia (1954)
Experimental Histamine Pruritus: III. Influence of Drugs on the Itch ThresholdA. M. A. Arch. of Dermat. & Syph., 69
G. Bishop (1953)
A simple electronic stimulator suitable for peripheral nerve and skin sensory testing.Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 5 1
T. Lewis (1942)
Pain
D. Graham, H. Goodell, H. Wolff (1951)
Neural mechanisms involved in itch, itchy skin, and tickle sensations.The Journal of clinical investigation, 30 1
S. Borelli (1954)
Pruritus: (Übersichtsreferat über die Literatur von 1933 bis 1953)Hautarzt, 5
A. Goldscheider (1916)
Über Irradiation und Hyperästhesie im Bereich der Hautsensibilität.Arch. ges. Physiol., 165
P. Heinbecker , G. H. Bishop (1934)
Analysis of Sensation in Terms of the Nerve ImpulseArch. Neurol., & Psychiat., 31
S. Rothman (1957)
Itching, in Signs and Symptoms
F. Schiller (1956)
The cutaneous sensory modalities; a critique of their specificity.A.M.A. archives of neurology and psychiatry, 75 2
W. Shelley, R. Arthur (1955)
Studies on cowhage (Mucuna pruriens) and its pruritogenic proteinase, mucunain.A.M.A. archives of dermatology, 72 5
P. G. Nelson (1957)
Action of Certain Enzymes on the Frog Node of RanvierFed. Proc., 16
F. Benjamin, H. Beerman, W. Shelley (1955)
Allergic contact dermatitis due to histamine-releasing drug 48-80.A.M.A. archives of dermatology, 71 2
H. Newman (1959)
TEXTBOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY.California medicine, 90
O. Foerster (1936)
Handbuch der Neurologie, 5
J. Mehes (1938)
Experimentelle Untersuchungen über den Juckreflex am Tier.Arch. exper. Path. u. Pharmakol., 188
A. V.: in Volkmann (1842)
Handwörterbuch der Physiologie, 2
Joseph Shelton (1957)
Distention Anesthesia for Minor Dermatological ProceduresArchives of Dermatology, 75
W. M. and Bishop Landau (1953)
Pain from Dermal, Periosteal and Fascial Endings, and from InflammationA. M. A. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat., 69
H. Koenigstein (1948)
Experimental study of itch stimuli in animals.Archives of dermatology and syphilology, 57 5
H. K. Beecher (1955)
The Powerful PlaceboJ. A. M. A., 159
R. Sonnenschein, T. Cornbleet (1949)
Inhibition of itchy skin with tetraethylammonium.The Journal of investigative dermatology, 12 6
G. Weddell, E. Palmer, W. Pallie (1955)
NERVE ENDINGS IN MAMMALIAN SKINBiological Reviews, 30
S. W. Ranson , W. H. Droegemueller, H. K. Davenport (1934)
Number, Size and Myelination of the Sensory Fibers in the Cerebrospinal NervesA. Research Nerv. & Ment. Dis. Proc., 15
C. S. Sherrington (1906)
Observations on the Scratch ReflexJ. Physiol., 34
G. Bishop (1944)
THE STRUCTURAL IDENTITY OF THE PAIN SPOT IN HUMAN SKINJournal of Neurophysiology, 7
R. G. Bickford (1938)
Experiments Relating to Itch Sensation, Its Peripheral Mechanism and Central PathwaysClin. Sc., 3
Y. Zotterman (1954)
Nerve Impulse: Transactions of the Fourth Conference
M. von Frey (1922)
Zur Physiologie der JuckempfindungArch. néerl. physiol., 7
E. Adrian (1930)
The effects of injury on mammalian nerve fibresProceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 106
M. Jones (1956)
Second pain: fact or artifact?Science, 124 3219
C. H. Smith (1955)
Role of the Automonic Nervous System in Intense Pruritus AniJ. Internat. Coll. Surgeons, 23
Frank Jr, D. Bronk, M. Larrabee (1946)
CHEMICAL EXCITATION OF NERVEAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 47
J. C. and Sweet White (1955)
Its Mechanisms and Neurosurgical Control
F. Ito (1953)
Experimental Studies on Itch Sensation: II. Influences of Arresting Blood Flow upon Itching, Pain and Touch SensationNagoya J. M. Sc., 16
D. Armstrong, R. Dry, C. Keele, J. Markham (1953)
Observations on chemical excitants of cutaneous pain in manThe Journal of Physiology, 120
M. Blix (1884)
Experimentelle Beiträge zur Lösung der Frage über die specifische Energie der Hautnervenztschr. Biol., 20
G. Bishop (1948)
The skin as an organ of senses with special reference to the itching sensation.The Journal of investigative dermatology, 11 2
W. Stigter (1955)
Het Probleem van de Jeuk: Voorkomen en Functie van de Zenuwuiteinden in de Huid bij MensenGeneesk, bl., 47
Philip West, Jessamine Hilliard (1949)
Proteolytic Enzyme Inhibitors of Human Serum in Health and Disease.∗, †Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 71
Adrian (1955)
Receptors and Sensory PerceptionNature, 176
O. R. Hyndman (1943)
Anterior Cordotomy: Further Observations on Physiologic Results and Optimum Manner of PerformanceArch. Neurol. & Psychiat., 50
Abstract The skin is a vast sentient surface, attuned to numerous environmental changes. Although it was first viewed as representing only the fifth sense, i. e., touch, the last century of research has disclosed that the skin is a far more complex sensory receptor. This area of study has long been an actively disputative one, and indeed within the year critical essays have challenged all previously held concepts of both the form and the function of sensory receptors in the skin of man. It is our purpose to review the field of knowledge concerning the itch sensation in man, to report experimental observations of our own, and to attempt an interpretative analysis of the neurophysiological basis for itching. The modern era of conceptual thinking on the problem of sensory reception in the skin began in 1838, when Johannes Müller1 enunciated his doctrine of specific energy, i. e., he References 1. The open bulla technique of Armstrong et al.65 invariably responds with pain, since it is hyperalgesic. 2. Müller, J.: Handbuch der Physiologie des Menschen , Ed. 2, Coblenz, 1838. 3. Volkmann, A. V.: in Handwörterbuch der Physiologie , edited by R. Wagner, Braunschweig, F. Vreiveg u. Sohn, 1842-1853, Vol. 2. 4. Blix, M.: Experimentelle Beiträge zur Lösung der Frage über die specifische Energie der Hautnerven , ztschr. Biol. , 20:141, 1884. 5. von Frey, M.: Physiologie des Sinnesorgane des menschlichen Haut , Ergebn. Physiol. 9:351, 1910.Crossref 6. Törok, L.: Über das Wesen der Juckempfindung , Ztschr. Psychol. , 46:23, 1907. 7. Titchener, E. B.: A Textbook of Psychology , New York, The Macmillan Company, 1909. 8. Winkler, F.: Studien über das Zustandekommen der Juckempfindung , Arch. Dermat. u. Syph. 99:273, 1910.Crossref 9. von Frey, M.: Zur Physiologie der Juckempfindung , Arch. néerl. physiol. 7:142, 1922. 10. 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E.: Double Pain Response of Human Skin to a Single Stimulus , Clin. Sc. 3:67, 1937. 18. Bickford, R. G.: The Fibre Dissociation Produced by Cooling Human Nerves , Clin. Sc. 4:159, 1939. 19. Graham, D. T.; Goodell, H., and Wolff, H. G.: Neural Mechanisms Involved in Itch, "Itchy Skin," and Tickle Sensations , J. Clin. Invest. 30:37, 1951. 20. Goldscheider, A.: Über Irradiation und Hyperästhesie im Bereich der Hautsensibilität. , Arch. ges. Physiol. 165:1, 1916. 21. Bickford, R. G.: Experiments Relating to Itch Sensation, Its Peripheral Mechanism and Central Pathways , Clin. Sc. 3:377, 1938. 22. Rothman, S.: Über die Juckempfindung in ekzematöser Haut , Arch. Dermat. u. Syph. 150:489, 1926. 23. Cormia, F. E.: Experimental Histamine Pruritus: I. Influence of Physical and Psychological Factors on Threshold Reactivity , J. Invest. Dermat. 19:21, 1952. 24. Sonnenschein, R. R.; Cornbleet, T.; Janowitz, H. D., and Grossman, M. I.: Inhibition of "Itchy Skin" with Tetraethylammonium , J. 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H.: Pain: Its Mechanisms and Neurosurgical Control , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1955. 48. Melton, F. M., and Shelley, W. B.: The Effect of Topical Antipruritic Therapy on Experimentally Induced Pruritus in Man , J. Invest. Dermat. 15:325, 1950. 49. Macintosh, F. C.: Histamine-Releasing Drugs , Ann. Otol. Rhin. & Laryng. 65:385, 1956. 50. Benjamin, F. B.; Beerman, H., and Shelley, W. B.: Allergic Contact Dermatitis Due to Histamine-Releasing Drug 48-80 , A. M. A. Arch. Dermat. 71:190, 1955.Crossref 51. Sigel, H.: Cutaneous Sensory Threshold Stimulation with High Frequency Square-Wave Current: I. The Relationship of Electrode Dimensions to the Sensory Threshold , J. Invest. Dermat. 18:441, 1952. 52. Bishop, G. H.: A Simple Electronic Stimulator Suitable for Peripheral Nerve and Skin Sensory Testing , Electroencephalog. & Clin. Neurophysiol. 5:105, 1953. 53. Lee, R. E.; Williams, H. L., and Pfeiffer, C. C.: A Warm Wire Algesimeter , Fed. Proc. 8:314, 1949. 54. 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A.M.A. Archives of Dermatology – American Medical Association
Published: Sep 1, 1957
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