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W. E. Ladd (1934)
Congenital Malformations of the Anus and Rectum: Report of 162 CasesAm. J. Surg., 23
W. Ladd, R. Gross (1941)
Abdominal surgery of infancy and childhood
O. Wangensteen, C. Rice (1930)
IMPERFORATE ANUS: A METHOD OF DETERMINING THE SURGICAL APPROACHAnnals of Surgery, 92
H. E. Bacon (1949)
Anus, Rectum and Sigmoid Colon
F. Rizzoli (1869)
A New Operative Method Executed in 4 Cases of Congenital Atresia Ani with Opening of the Rectum into VulvaSurg. Mem., 2
C. Ball (2010)
The Rectum and Anus: Their Diseases and Treatment
W. Bodenhamer (1860)
A Practical Treatise on the �tiology, Pathology and Treatment of the Congenital Malformations of the Anus and Rectum
W. Ladd, R. Gross (1934)
Congenital malformations of anus and rectumAmerican Journal of Surgery, 23
J. Fraser (1926)
Surgery of Childhood, 2
S. M. Fitchet (1926)
Imperforate Anus: Surgical Treatment of Cases of Maldevelopment of Terminal Bowel and AnusBoston M. & S. J., 195
Norris Wj, Brophy Tw, D. Brayton (1949)
Imperforate anus; a case series and preliminary report on the one stage abdominoperineal operation.Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics, 88 5
F. Keibel (1896)
Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte des menschlichen UrogenitalapparatesArch. Anat.
J. R. Paine (1942)
Observations on Distribution and Transport of Gas in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Infants and Young ChildrenSurgery, 11
A. Keith (1908)
Malformations of the Hindend of the BodyBrit. M. J., 2
E. C. Brenner (1915)
Congenital Defects of the Anus and RectumSurg., Gynec. & Obst., 20
F. Keibel (1912)
Human Embryology
H. Cripps (1914)
Diseases of the Rectum and Anus
E. A. Crowell (1940)
Congenital Anomalies of the Anus and RectumSurgery, 7
Abstract CONGENITAL malformations of the anus and rectum are rather uncommon, but when they do occur it is imperative that they be recognized early and a rational plan of treatment instituted promptly. These anomalies may constitute an immediate danger to the life of the patient when bowel obstruction is complete, or they may cause no impairment of general health and become a source of complications later in life. HISTORY Congenital anomalies of the anus and rectum have been observed and reported since antiquity by Greek, Roman, and Arabic physicians. They regarded these anomalies chiefly as objects of medical curiosity, and treatment was considered beyond the scope of surgical capabilities.In the seventh century Paulus of Aegina recognized a case of imperforate anus and described an operation for its relief. He passed a bistoury through the perineum and later dilated the opening with bougies. In 1640 Scultet reported a case of congenital References 1. Bodenhamer, W.: A Practical Treatise on the Ætiology, Pathology and Treatment of the Congenital Malformations of the Anus and Rectum , New York, S. S. & W. Wood, 1860. 2. Cripps, H.: Diseases of the Rectum and Anus , New York, The Macmillan Company, 1914. 3. Brenner, E. C.: Congenital Defects of the Anus and Rectum , Surg., Gynec. & Obst. 20:585, 1915. 4. Keibel, F.: Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte des menschlichen Urogenitalapparates , Arch. Anat. 1896, p. 156. 5. Ball, C.: The Rectum and Anus: Their Diseases and Treatment , London, Cassell & Company, 1887. 6. Keith, A.: Malformations of the Hindend of the Body , Brit. M. J. 2:1736, 1908. 7. Fraser, J.: Surgery of Childhood , New York, William Wood & Company, 1926, Vol. 2. 8. Fitchet, S. M.: Imperforate Anus: Surgical Treatment of Cases of Maldevelopment of Terminal Bowel and Anus , Boston M. & S. J. 195:25, 1926. 9. Ladd, W. E., and Gross, R. E.: Congenital Malformations of the Anus and Rectum: Report of 162 Cases , Am. J. Surg. 23:167, 1934. 10. Bacon, H. E.: Anus, Rectum and Sigmoid Colon; Diagnosis and Treatment , Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1949, Chap. 3 . 11. Crowell, E. A., and Dulin, J. W.: Congenital Anomalies of the Anus and Rectum , Surgery 7:529, 1940. 12. Ladd, W. E., and Gross, R. E.: Abdominal Surgery of Infancy and Childhood , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1947. 13. Keibel, F., and Mall, F. P., editors: Human Embryology , written by C. R. Barden and others, Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1912, p. 325. 14. Lemon J. Wells, Ph.D., Professor of Anatomy, University of Minnesota, collaborated in preparing the section on embryology. 15. Wangensteen, O. H., and Rice, C. O.: Imperforate Anus: Method of Determining Surgical Approach , Ann. Surg. 92:77, 1930. 16. Paine, J. R., and Nessa, C. B.: Observations on Distribution and Transport of Gas in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Infants and Young Children , Surgery 11:282, 1942. 17. Norris, W. J.; Brophy, T. W., and Brayton, D.: Imperforate Anus: A Case Series and Preliminary Report on the One Stage Abdominoperineal Operation , Surg., Gynec. & Obst. 88:623, 1949. 18. Rizzoli, F.: A New Operative Method Executed in 4 Cases of Congenital Atresia Ani with Opening of the Rectum into Vulva , Surg. Mem. 2:321, 1869.
A.M.A. Archives Surgery – American Medical Association
Published: Mar 1, 1952
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