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Safe and Effective Chloramphenicol Dosages for Premature Infants

Safe and Effective Chloramphenicol Dosages for Premature Infants Abstract Infections are a significant cause of death in premature infants. Arey and Dent1 reported, in 1953, a survey of 102 neonatal deaths of which 84 were premature. They listed infection as the major cause of death in 13 (15.4%) of the prematures. Six years later Branton,2 in a report of 176 consecutive newborn deaths, of which 136 were prematures, attributed death to infec tion in 20 (14.7%) of the prematures. He reported gram-negative coliform bacilli in 5 of 6 positive blood cultures. Infection also plays a significant role in the mortality at the Premature Center of Los Angeles County Hospital, which cares for over 1,200 premature infants yearly. The main organisms cultured from infections have been gram-negative coliform bacilli, particularly E. coli and Klebsiella aerogenes group. Studies have indicated that these organisms are most consistently sensitive to chloramphenicol. The toxicity of chloramphenicol to premature infants in doses over References 1. Arey, J. B., and Dent, J.: Causes of Fetal and Neonatal Death with Special Reference to Pulmonary and Inflammatory Lesions , J. Pediat. 42:1-25 ( (Jan.) ) 1953.Crossref 2. Branton, L.: Neonatal Mortality with Special Reference to Infectious Causes of Death , Am. J.M. Sc. 238:760-771 ( (Dec.) ) 1959.Crossref 3. Burns, L. E.; Hodgman, J. E., and Cass, A. B.: Fatal Circulatory Collapse in Premature Infants Receiving Chloramphenicol , New England J. Med. 261:1318-1321 ( (Dec. 24) ) 1959.Crossref 4. Sutherland, J. M.: Fatal Cardiovascular Collapse of Infants Receiving Large Amounts of Chloramphenicol , A.M.A. J. Dis. Child. 97:761-767 ( (June) ) 1959. 5. Sutherland, J. M.; Michael, A. F.; Giesel, R. G.; Keller, W. H., and Beber, B. A.: Toxicity of Chloramphenicol for the Newborn Infant, presented at 29th Annual Meeting of Society for Pediatric Research, Buck Hill Falls, Pa., May 8-9, 1959 6. A.M.A. J. Dis Child. 98:648-649 ( (Nov.) ) 1959. 7. Kent, S. P., and Wideman, G. L.: Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy in Infants Born After Premature Rupture of Membranes , J.A.M.A. 171: 1199-1203 ( (Oct. 31) ) 1959.Crossref 8. Glazko, A. J.; Wolf, L. M., and Dill, W. A.: Biochemical Studies of Chloramphenicol. I. Colorimetric Methods for the Determination of Chloramphenicol and Related Nitro Compounds , Arch. Biochem. 23:411-418 ( (Oct.) ) 1949. 9. Joslyn, D. A., and Galbraith, M.: A Turbimetric Method for the Assay of Antibiotics , J. Bact. 59:711-716 ( (June) ) 1950. 10. Bliss, E., and Todd, H. P.: A Comparison of Eight Antibiotic Agents in Vivo and in Vitro , J. Bact. 58:61-72 ( (July) ) 1949. 11. Weiss, C. F.; Glazko, A. J., and Weston, J. K.: Physiological Disposition of Chloramphenicol in Newborn Infants , New England J. Med. 262:787-794 ( (April 21) ) 1960.Crossref 12. Glazko, A. J.; Carnes, H. E.; Kazenko, A.; Wolf, L. M., and Reutner, T. F.: Succinic Acid Esters of Chloramphenicol , in Antibiotics Annual , edited by H. Welch and F. Martí-Ibáñez, New York, Medical Encyclopedia, Inc., 1958, Vol. 5, pp. 792-802. 13. Glazko, A. J.; Wolf, L. M.; Dill, W. A., and Bratton, A. C., Jr.: Biochemical Studies on Chloramphenicol. II. Tissue Distribution and Excretion Studies , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 96:445-459 ( (Aug.) ) 1949. 14. Glazko, A. J.; Dill, W. A., and Rebstock, M. C.: Biochemical Studies on Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin). III. Isolation and Identification of Metabolic Products in Urine , J. Biol. Chem. 183:679-691 ( (April) ) 1950. 15. Barnett, H. L.: Kidney Function in Young Infants , Pediatrics 5:171-179 ( (Feb.) ) 1950. 16. Barnett, H. L., and Vesterdal, I.: Physiologic and Clinical Significance of Immaturity of Kidney Function in Young Infants , J. Pediat. 42:99-119 ( (Jan.) ) 1953. 17. McCance, R. A.: Renal Physiology in Infancy , Am. J. Med. 9:229-241 ( (Aug.) ) 1950. 18. Kunin, C. M.; Glazko, A. J., and Finland, M.: Persistence of Antibiotics in Blood of Patients with Acute Renal Failure. II. Chloramphenicol and Its Metabolic Products in the Blood of Patients with Severe Renal Disease or Hepatic Cirrhosis , J. Clin. Invest. 38:1498-1508 ( (Sept.) ) 1959. 19. Driscoll, S. G., and Hsia, D. Y-Y.: The Development of Enzyme Systems During Early Infancy , Pediatrics (Supp.) 22:785-845 ( (Oct.) ) 1958. 20. Vest, M.: Insufficient Glucuronide Formation in the Newborn and Its Relationship to the Pathogenesis of Icterus Neonatorum , Arch. Dis. Childhood 33:473-475 ( (Oct.) ) 1958. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png American Journal of Diseases of Children American Medical Association

Safe and Effective Chloramphenicol Dosages for Premature Infants

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References (19)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1961 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0002-922X
DOI
10.1001/archpedi.1961.04020030004002
Publisher site
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Abstract

Abstract Infections are a significant cause of death in premature infants. Arey and Dent1 reported, in 1953, a survey of 102 neonatal deaths of which 84 were premature. They listed infection as the major cause of death in 13 (15.4%) of the prematures. Six years later Branton,2 in a report of 176 consecutive newborn deaths, of which 136 were prematures, attributed death to infec tion in 20 (14.7%) of the prematures. He reported gram-negative coliform bacilli in 5 of 6 positive blood cultures. Infection also plays a significant role in the mortality at the Premature Center of Los Angeles County Hospital, which cares for over 1,200 premature infants yearly. The main organisms cultured from infections have been gram-negative coliform bacilli, particularly E. coli and Klebsiella aerogenes group. Studies have indicated that these organisms are most consistently sensitive to chloramphenicol. The toxicity of chloramphenicol to premature infants in doses over References 1. Arey, J. B., and Dent, J.: Causes of Fetal and Neonatal Death with Special Reference to Pulmonary and Inflammatory Lesions , J. Pediat. 42:1-25 ( (Jan.) ) 1953.Crossref 2. Branton, L.: Neonatal Mortality with Special Reference to Infectious Causes of Death , Am. J.M. Sc. 238:760-771 ( (Dec.) ) 1959.Crossref 3. Burns, L. E.; Hodgman, J. E., and Cass, A. B.: Fatal Circulatory Collapse in Premature Infants Receiving Chloramphenicol , New England J. Med. 261:1318-1321 ( (Dec. 24) ) 1959.Crossref 4. Sutherland, J. M.: Fatal Cardiovascular Collapse of Infants Receiving Large Amounts of Chloramphenicol , A.M.A. J. Dis. Child. 97:761-767 ( (June) ) 1959. 5. Sutherland, J. M.; Michael, A. F.; Giesel, R. G.; Keller, W. H., and Beber, B. A.: Toxicity of Chloramphenicol for the Newborn Infant, presented at 29th Annual Meeting of Society for Pediatric Research, Buck Hill Falls, Pa., May 8-9, 1959 6. A.M.A. J. Dis Child. 98:648-649 ( (Nov.) ) 1959. 7. Kent, S. P., and Wideman, G. L.: Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy in Infants Born After Premature Rupture of Membranes , J.A.M.A. 171: 1199-1203 ( (Oct. 31) ) 1959.Crossref 8. Glazko, A. J.; Wolf, L. M., and Dill, W. A.: Biochemical Studies of Chloramphenicol. I. Colorimetric Methods for the Determination of Chloramphenicol and Related Nitro Compounds , Arch. Biochem. 23:411-418 ( (Oct.) ) 1949. 9. Joslyn, D. A., and Galbraith, M.: A Turbimetric Method for the Assay of Antibiotics , J. Bact. 59:711-716 ( (June) ) 1950. 10. Bliss, E., and Todd, H. P.: A Comparison of Eight Antibiotic Agents in Vivo and in Vitro , J. Bact. 58:61-72 ( (July) ) 1949. 11. Weiss, C. F.; Glazko, A. J., and Weston, J. K.: Physiological Disposition of Chloramphenicol in Newborn Infants , New England J. Med. 262:787-794 ( (April 21) ) 1960.Crossref 12. Glazko, A. J.; Carnes, H. E.; Kazenko, A.; Wolf, L. M., and Reutner, T. F.: Succinic Acid Esters of Chloramphenicol , in Antibiotics Annual , edited by H. Welch and F. Martí-Ibáñez, New York, Medical Encyclopedia, Inc., 1958, Vol. 5, pp. 792-802. 13. Glazko, A. J.; Wolf, L. M.; Dill, W. A., and Bratton, A. C., Jr.: Biochemical Studies on Chloramphenicol. II. Tissue Distribution and Excretion Studies , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 96:445-459 ( (Aug.) ) 1949. 14. Glazko, A. J.; Dill, W. A., and Rebstock, M. C.: Biochemical Studies on Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin). III. Isolation and Identification of Metabolic Products in Urine , J. Biol. Chem. 183:679-691 ( (April) ) 1950. 15. Barnett, H. L.: Kidney Function in Young Infants , Pediatrics 5:171-179 ( (Feb.) ) 1950. 16. Barnett, H. L., and Vesterdal, I.: Physiologic and Clinical Significance of Immaturity of Kidney Function in Young Infants , J. Pediat. 42:99-119 ( (Jan.) ) 1953. 17. McCance, R. A.: Renal Physiology in Infancy , Am. J. Med. 9:229-241 ( (Aug.) ) 1950. 18. Kunin, C. M.; Glazko, A. J., and Finland, M.: Persistence of Antibiotics in Blood of Patients with Acute Renal Failure. II. Chloramphenicol and Its Metabolic Products in the Blood of Patients with Severe Renal Disease or Hepatic Cirrhosis , J. Clin. Invest. 38:1498-1508 ( (Sept.) ) 1959. 19. Driscoll, S. G., and Hsia, D. Y-Y.: The Development of Enzyme Systems During Early Infancy , Pediatrics (Supp.) 22:785-845 ( (Oct.) ) 1958. 20. Vest, M.: Insufficient Glucuronide Formation in the Newborn and Its Relationship to the Pathogenesis of Icterus Neonatorum , Arch. Dis. Childhood 33:473-475 ( (Oct.) ) 1958.

Journal

American Journal of Diseases of Children – American Medical Association

Published: Feb 1, 1961

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