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R. Detels, J. Grayston, K. Kim, K. Chen, J. Gale, R. Beasley, L. Gutman (1969)
Prevention of clinical and subclinical rubella infection. Efficacy of three HPV-77 derivative vaccines.American journal of diseases of children, 118 2
L. Lefkowitz, R. Rafajko, C. Federspiel, R. Quinn (1970)
A controlled family study of live, attenuated rubella-virus vaccine.The New England journal of medicine, 283 5
G. Thompson, Alfredo Ferreyra, R. Brackett (1971)
Acute arthritis complicating rubella vaccination.Arthritis and rheumatism, 14 1
H. Meyer, P. Parkman, T. Panos (1966)
Attenuated rubella virus. II. Production of an experimental live-virus vaccine and clinical trial.The New England journal of medicine, 275 11
J. Wilkins, J. Leedom, B. Portnoy, M. Salvatore (1969)
Reinfection with rubella virus despite live vaccine induced immunity. Trials of HPV-77 and HPV-80 live rubella virus vaccines and subsequent artificial and natural challenge studies.American journal of diseases of children, 118 2
J. Witte, A. Karchmer, G. Case, K. Herrmann, E. Abrutyn, I. Kassanoff, J. Neill (1969)
Epidemiology of rubella.American journal of diseases of children, 118 1
D. Lehane, N. Newberg, W. Beam (1970)
Evaluation of rubella herd immunity during an epidemic.JAMA, 213 13
S. Krugman, J. Giles, H. Friedman, S. Stone (1965)
STUDIES ON IMMUNITY TO MEASLES.The Journal of pediatrics, 66
G. Schiff, R. Donath, T. Rotte (1969)
Experimental rubella studies. I. Clinical and laboratory features of infection caused by the Brown strain rubella virus. II. Artificial challenge studies of adult rubella vaccinees.American journal of diseases of children, 118 2
P. Parkman, H. Meyer, R. Kirschstein, H. Hopps (1966)
Attenuated rubella virus. I. Development and laboratory characterization.The New England journal of medicine, 275 11
H. Meyer, P. Parkman, H. Hopps (1969)
The control of rubella.Pediatrics, 44 1
J. Norvell (1970)
Renal nerves: are they essential?The New England journal of medicine, 283 5
G. Stewart, P. Parkman, H. Hopps, R. Douglas, J. Hamilton, H. Meyer (1967)
Rubella-virus hemagglutination-inhibition test.The New England journal of medicine, 276 10
L. Cooper, S. Krugman (1967)
Clinical manifestations of postnatal and congenital rubella.Archives of ophthalmology, 77 4
C. Phillips, J. Maeck, W. Rogers, H. Savel (1970)
Intrauterine rubella infection following immunization with rubella vaccine.JAMA, 213 4
E. Abrutyn, K. Herrmann, A. Karchmer, J. Friedman, E. Page, J. Witte (1970)
Rubella vaccine comparative study. Nine-month follow up and serologic response to natural challenge.American journal of diseases of children, 120 2
D. Horstmann, H. Liebhaber, G. Bouvier, D. Rosenberg, S. Halstead (1970)
Rubella: reinfection of vaccinated and naturally immune persons exposed in an epidemic.The New England journal of medicine, 283 15
Antti Vaheri, Timo Vesikari, N. Oker‐Blom, Markku Seppälä, Jorge Veronelli, Frederick Robbins, Paul Parkman (1969)
Transmission of attenuated rubella vaccines to the human fetus. A preliminary report.American journal of diseases of children, 118 2
H. Meyer, P. Parkman, T. Hobbins, F. Ennis (1968)
Clinical studies with experimental live rubella virus vaccine (strain HPV-77). Evaluation of vaccine-induced immunity.American journal of diseases of children, 115 6
Beswick Ts (1967)
The control of virus diseases.The Manchester medical gazette, 46
J. Veronelli (1970)
An open community trial of live rubella vaccines. Study of vaccine virus transmissibility and antigenic efficacy of three HPV-77 derivatives.JAMA, 213 11
J. Grayston, R. Detels, K. Chen, L. Gutman, K. Kim, J. Gale, R. Beasley (1969)
Field trial of live attenuated rubella virus vaccine during an epidemic on Taiwan. Preliminary report of efficacy of three HPV-77 strain vaccines in the prevention of clinical rubella.JAMA, 207 6
R. Beasley (1970)
Dilemmas presented by the attenuated rubella vaccines.American journal of epidemiology, 92 3
H. Meyer, P. Parkman, T. Hobbins, H. Larson, W. Davis, J. Simsarian, H. Hopps (1969)
Attenuated rubella viruses. Laboratory and clinical characteristics.American journal of diseases of children, 118 2
H. Meyer (1968)
The control of viral diseases. Problems and prospects viewed in perspective.The Journal of pediatrics, 73 5
In 1969, in anticipation of the licensing of live rubella virus vaccine, we reviewed the data available from research work with attenuated rubella viruses and considered the prospects for controlling rubella through vaccination.1 Looking ahead in this second year of rubella vaccine use, it is appropriate to pause and to reconsider our earlier comments in the light of the increased experience. Several questions pertaining to vaccine use arise frequently and will be dealt with in some detail. Vaccine Availability During an experimental phase extending from 1965 through 1969, approximately 100,000 persons were inoculated with various attenuated rubella virus preparations. At present, three manufacturers have been licensed in the United States to produce live rubella virus vaccine. These vaccines are HPV-77 DE5 (a derivative of the HPV-77 strain produced in duck embryo cell culture), HPV-77 DK12 (a derivative of the HPV-77 strain produced in dog kidney cell culture), and Cendehill
JAMA – American Medical Association
Published: Jan 25, 1971
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