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A. Sabin (1940)
THE OLFACTORY BULBS IN HUMAN POLIOMYELITISJAMA Pediatrics, 60
W. Aycock, J. Kessel (1943)
The Infectious Period of Poliomyelitis and Virus Detection.The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 205
S. Kramer (1935)
Detection of a Healthy Carrier of Virus of Poliomyelitis Without History of Contact.∗Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 32
H. Howe, D. Bodian, H. Wenner (1945)
Further Observations on the Presence of Poliomyelitis Virus in the Human Oro-Pharynx.Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, 76
H. Howe, D. Bodian (1940)
Untreated Human Stools as a Source of Poliomyelitis VirusThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, 66
Carl Kling, A. Pettersson (1914)
Keimträger bei KinderlähmungDeutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, 40
A. Casey, W. Fishbein, H. Bundesen (1945)
Transmission of poliomyelitis by patient to patient contact.Journal of the American Medical Association, 129
A. Casey, W. Fishbein (1946)
Relative frequency of subclinical poliomyelitis; daily temperature studies on intimate contacts of infectious patients.American journal of diseases of children, 72 6
Gordon Fb, Schabel Fm (1947)
Recovery of poliomyelitis virus from the throat during the incubation period., 6
H. Faber, R. Silverberg (1946)
A NEUROPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF ACUTE HUMAN POLIO-MYELITIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE INITIAL LESION AND TO VARIOUS POTENTIAL PORTALS OF ENTRYThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 83
D. Horstmann, R. Ward, J. Melnick (1946)
THE ISOLATION OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS FROM HUMAN EXTRA-NEURAL SOURCES. III. PERSISTENCE OF VIRUS IN STOOLS AFTER ACUTE INFECTION.The Journal of clinical investigation, 25 2
A. Casey (1942)
OBSERVATIONS ON AN EPIDEMIC OF POLIOMYELITIS.Science, 95 2466
F. Schabel, F. Gordon (1947)
Observations on the susceptibility of sooty mangabeys (Cerococebus fuliginosus) and a baboon (Papio papio) to poliomyelitis.The Journal of infectious diseases, 81 1
Andelman Mb, Casey Ae (1946)
Spinal Fluid Protein in the Retrospective Diagnosis of Subclinical Poliomyelitis.Southern Medical Journal, 39
D. Horstmann, J. Melnick, H. Wenner (1946)
THE ISOLATION OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS FROM HUMAN EXTRA-NEURAL SOURCES. I. COMPARISON OF VIRUS CONTENT OF PHARYNGEAL SWABS, OROPHARYNGEAL WASHINGS, AND STOOLS OF PATIENTS.The Journal of clinical investigation, 25 2
E. Schultz, L. Gebhardt (1934)
Olfactory Tract and Poliomyelitis.∗Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 31
D. Bodian, H. Howe (1947)
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LESIONS IN PERIPHERAL GANGLIA IN CHIMPANZEE AND IN HUMAN POLIOMYELITISThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 85
D. Barr (1938)
CENTRAL SOCIETY FOR CLINICAL RESEARCHJAMA, 110
E. Taylor, H. Amoss (1917)
CARRIAGE OF THE VIRUS OF POLIOMYELITIS, WITH SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE INFECTIONThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 26
R. Ward, B. Walters (1947)
Elimination of poliomyelitis virus from the human mouth or nose.American journal of diseases of children, 73 2
H. Howe, H. Wenner, D. Bodian, K. Maxcy (1944)
Poliomyelitis Virus in the Human Oro-pharynx.∗Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 56
A. Vignec, J. Paul, J. Trask (1938)
The Recovery of the Virus of Poliomyelitis from Extra-neural Sources in Man, with a Survey of the Literature *The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 11
S. Kramer, B. Hoskwith, L. Grossman (1939)
DETECTION OF THE VIRUS OF POLIOMYELITIS IN THE NOSE AND THROAT AND GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT OF HUMAN BEINGS AND MONKEYSThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 69
A. Sabin, R. Ward (1941)
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF HUMAN POLIOMYELITISThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 73
J. Trask, A. Vignec, J. Paul (1938)
Poliomyelitis Virus in Human Stools.JAMA, 111
H. Howe, D. Bodian (1947)
Isolation of poliomyelitis virus from the throats of symptomless children.American journal of hygiene, 45 2
Recovery of poliomyelitis virus from pharyngeal washings, tissues, and swabs of patients has been described repeatedly.1 Virus has also been recovered from similar sources in "healthy carriers."2 The early reports of this nature formed a basis for the hypothesis that the upper respiratory tract is the site of entrance and egress of virus. Studies in monkeys supported, by analogy, the theory that virus reached the central nervous system from the nasopharynx via the olfactory nerve.3 When histologic studies4 failed to supply evidence for passage of virus through the human olfactory bulb and newer methods allowed the ready demonstration of virus in stools,5 increased attention was directed to the alimentary canal. Although it became easier to demonstrate virus in stools than in nasopharyngeal washings, it was realized6 that the difference could be accounted for by longer persistence of virus in the stool (to the seventh
JAMA – American Medical Association
Published: Dec 6, 1947
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