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Abstract HISTORICAL REVIEW Early in the history of surgery, when surgeons were more concerned with the closure of wounds than in their making, metal was being implanted in the tissues. Fabricius,1 in 1647, wrote at length on the use of iron wire sutures, limiting their use, however, to the soft parts. Surviving the blind progress of the times, iron wire is again memorialized by Icart,2 who in 1775 cut down on a fractured bone and approximated the ends by suture. Laloy3 also relates the practice of wire suture by Flaubert of Rouen, and the literature of the period records various similar reports. It remained for Levert4 to make the first deliberate inquiry into the method, and in 1829 he performed a rather extended series of experiments on dogs to determine the tolerance to metallic sutures, using gold, silver, lead and platinum. The last he found to be References 1. Fabricius: De Chirurgicis Operationibus, 1647, p. 146. 2. Icart: J. de Med., Chir. et Phar. de Roux 44:170, 1775. 3. Laloy: De la suture des os applique aux resections et aux fractures avec plaies, Thèse de Paris, 1839, p. 11. 4. Levert: Am. J. M. Sc. 4:17, 1829.Crossref 5. Lister: Brit. M. J. 2:855, 1883.Crossref 6. Kittredge: Boston M. & S. J. 10:19, 1891. 7. Wolff: Boston M. & S. J. 10:20, 1891. 8. Lane: Lancet , 1905. 9. Steinbach: Ann. Surg. 31:436, 1900. 10. Lambotte: Brit. M. J. 2:1530, 1912. 11. Sampson: Lancet 183:433, 1912. 12. Murphy, J. B.: Surgical Clinics 3:1003. 13. Albee, F. H.: Am. J. Surg. 28:20, 1914. 14. Hessert: Surg., Gynec. & Obst. 13:201, 1911. 15. Lexer: Deutsche Ztschr. f. Chir. 133:170, 1915. 16. Brickner: Am. J. Surg. 28:16, 1914. 17. Lexer: Zentralb. f. Chir. 42:217, 1915. 18. Hallopeau: Bull. et. mém. Soc. de chir. de Paris 46:879, 1920. 19. Dujarier: Bull. et mém. Soc. de chir. de Paris 46:990, 1920. 20. Fredet: Bull. et mém. Soc. de chir. de Paris 46:992, 1920. 21. Alglave: Bull. et mém. Soc. de chir. de Paris 46:1083, 1920. 22. Trout: Ann. Surg. 61:717, 1915. 23. Albee, F. H.: Orthopedic and Reconstructional Surgery , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders, 1919. 24. Stanley, E. G., and Gatellier, J.: Brit. J. Surg. 9:259 ( (Oct.) ) 1921. 25. Leriche and Policard: Bull. et mém. de Soc. de chir. Paris 44:1145, 1918. 26. Mann, A. T.: Nails and Screws in Fractures , J. A. M. A. 67:1148 ( (Oct. 14) ) 1916.Crossref 27. Groves, E. W. H.: Brit. J. Surg. 50:43, 1913. 28. Dickson: The Bone Marrow , London, Longmans, Green & Co., 1908. 29. Dickson, p. 73 (Footnote 28). 30. Jackson: Arch. f. Anat. & Physiol. , 1904, p. 33. 31. Neumann: Centralbl. f. d. med. Wissensch. 20:321. 1882. 32. Gazzotti, L. G.: Policlinico (sez. chir.) 25:129 ( (May) ) 1918. 33. Mallory: Pathologic Histology, 1914, p. 52. 34. Herzog: Beitr. z. path. Anat. u. z. Allg. Path. 61:325, 1915. 35. Marchand: Beitr. z. path. Anat. u. z. Allg. Path. 4:38, 1888. 36. Le Fort: Bull. et mém. Soc. de chir. de Paris 44:733, 1918. 37. Friend, A. M.: J. Chem. Soc. (London) 119:932, 1921.Crossref 38. Naegeli: Denkschr. d. Schweiz. Naturforsch. Gesellsch. 33:1, 1893. 39. Bechhold, H., and Bullowa, J. G. M.: Colloids in Biology and Medicine , New York, D. Van Nostrand Company, 1919, p. 157. 40. Bechhold, Footnote 39, p. 157. 41. Bechhold: Footnote 39. 42. Salus: Wein. klin. Wchnschr. 32:1220, 1919. 43. Robin: Bull. Acad. de med. 68:6, 1905. 44. Baumgarten and Luger: Wein. klin. Wchnschr. 30:1224, 1917. 45. Saxl: Wien. klin. Wchnschr. 30:1224, 1917. 46. Duval: Bull. et mém. Soc. de chir. de Paris 42:611, 1916. 47. Elsberg: Proc. New York Acad. Med. , (April 6) , 1906. 48. Danborn: Proc. New York Acad. Med. , (April 6) , 1906.
Archives of Surgery – American Medical Association
Published: Sep 1, 1924
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