Get 20M+ Full-Text Papers For Less Than $1.50/day. Start a 14-Day Trial for You or Your Team.

Learn More →

Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes and the Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes and the Respiratory Distress Syndrome Abstract The lungs of newborn infants, particularly those who are premature or born to diabetic mothers, frequently contain membranes of eosinophilic material, which line the distal respiratory passages and are almost always associated with extensive atelectasis. They are found in an estimated 20%-40% of liveborn infants who die in the first few days of life. They may be found, furthermore, in as much as 70% of those early neonatal deaths in which no other major abnormality is encountered. These membranes and the atelectasis that accompanies them are the most commonly found abnormality in early neonatal death. The last decade has been one of intensive investigation and study of pulmonary hyaline membranes and their associated phenomena in the newborn. They are no longer merely a pathologic entity to be recognized on postmortem examination. Their clinical and radiologic features have been clarified, and the resultant syndrome is now the concern of the cardiac References 1. Johnson, W. C.: Pneumonia in Newborn Infants with Lesions Resembling Influenza , Proc. New York Path. Soc. 23:138-142 ( (Jan.) -May) 1923. 2. Farber, S., and Sweet, L. K.: Amniotic Sac Contents in the Lungs of Infants , Amer. J. Dis. Child. 42:1372-1383 ( (Dec.) ) 1931. 3. Farber, S., and Wilson, J. L.: The Hyaline Membrane in the Lungs: I. A Descriptive Study , Arch. Path. 14:437-449 ( (Oct.) ) 1932. 4. Farber, S., and Wilson, J. L.: The Hyaline Membrane in the Lungs: II. An Experimental Study , Arch. Path. 14:450-460 ( (Oct.) ) 1932. 5. Rosenthal, M.: The Pulmonary Lesions Associated with Intrauterine Asphyxia , J. Pediat. 6:71-81 ( (Jan.) ) 1935.Crossref 6. Miller, H. C., and Hamilton, T. R.: The Pathogenesis of the "Vernix Membrane": Relation to Aspiration Pneumonia in Stillborn and Newborn Infants , Pediatrics 3:735-748 ( (June) ) 1949. 7. Potter, E. L.: Pathology of Prematurity , J. Amer. Med. Wom. Ass. 5:391-396 ( (Oct.) ) 1950. 8. Miller, H. C., and Jennison, M. H.: Study of Pulmonary Hyaline-Like Material in 4117 Consecutive Births: Incidence, Pathogenesis and Diagnosis , Pediatrics 5:7-20 ( (Jan.) ) 1950. 9. Blystad, W.; Landing, B. H., and Smith, C. A.: Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes in Newborn Infants: Statistical, Morphologic and Experimental Study of Their Nature, Occurrence and Significance , Pediatrics 8:5-21 ( (July) ) 1951. 10. Bruns, P. D., and Shields, L. V.: The Pathogenesis and Relationship of the Hyaline-Like Pulmonary Membrane to Premature Neonatal Mortality , Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 61:953-964 ( (May) ) 1951. 11. Tregillus, J.: The Asphyxial Membrane in the Lungs of Liveborn Infants , J. Obstet. Gynaec. Brit. Emp. 58:406-413 ( (June) ) 1951.Crossref 12. Miller, H. C.; Behrle, F. C., and Gibson, D. M.: Comparison of Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes in Vagotomized Rabbits with Those in Newborn Infants , Pediatrics 7:611-615 ( (May) ) 1951. 13. Farber, S.: Studies on Pulmonary Edema: I. The Consequences of Bilateral Cervical Vagotomy in the Rabbit , J. Exp. Med. 66:397-404 ( (Oct.) ) 1937Crossref 14. II. The Pathogenesis of Neuropathic Paumonary Edema , J. Exp. Med. 66:405-411, 1937.Crossref 15. Arey, J. B., Editor: Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes: Report of the 5th M & R Pediatric Research Conference, April 16, 1952, Columbus, Ohio, M & R Laboratories, 1953. 16. Morison, J. E.: Foetal and Neonatal Pathology , London, Butterworth & Co., Ltd., 1952. 17. Potter, E. L.: Pulmonary Pathology in the Newborn , Advance. Pediat. 6:157-189, 1953. 18. Tran-Dinh-De and Anderson, G. W.: Hyaline-Like Membranes Associated with Diseases of the Newborn Lungs: A Review of the Literature , Obstet. Gynec. Survey 8:1-44 ( (Feb.) ) 1953.Crossref 19. Cross, K. W.; Lelong, M., and Smith, C. A., Editors: Anoxia of the New-Born Infant: A Symposium Organized by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences , established under the joint auspices of UNESCO and WHO, Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1953. 20. Donald, I., and Lord, J.: Augmented Respiration: Studies in Atelectasis Neonatorum , Lancet 1:9-17 ( (Jan. 3) ) 1953.Crossref 21. Donald, I., and Steiner, R. E.: Radiography in the Diagnosis of Hyaline Membrane , Lancet 2: 846-849 ( (Oct. 24) ) 1953.Crossref 22. Donald, I.: Neonatal Respiration and Hyaline Membrane , Brit. J. Anaesth. 29:553-569 ( (Dec.) ) 1957.Crossref 23. Peterson, H. G., Jr., and Pendleton, M. E.: Contrasting Roentgenographic Pulmonary Patterns of the Hyaline Membrane and Fetal Aspiration Syndromes , Amer. J. Roentgenol. 74:800-813 ( (Nov.) ) 1955. 24. Feinberg, S. B., and Goldberg, M. E.: Hyaline Membrane Disease: Preclinical Roentgen Diagnosis , Radiology 68:185-191 ( (Feb.) ) 1957. 25. Bound, J. P.; Butler, N. R., and Spector, W. G.: Classification and Causes of Perinatal Mortality , Brit. Med. J. 2:1191-1196 (Nov. (24) ) 1956.Crossref 26. Silverman, W. A., and Andersen, D. H.: A Controlled Clinical Trial of Effects of Water Mist on Obstructive Respiratory Signs, Death Rate and Necropsy Findings Among Premature Infants , Pediatrics 17:1-9 ( (Jan.) ) 1956. 27. Miller, H. C.; Behrle, F. C., and Smull, N. W.: Respiratory Activity and Function in Newborn Infants Dying with Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes , Pediatrics 22:665-674 ( (Oct.) ) 1958. 28. Rogers, W. S., and Gruenwald, P.: Hyaline Membranes in the Lungs of Premature Infants , Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 71:9-15 ( (Jan.) ) 1956. 29. Cohen, M. M.; Weintraub, D. H., and Lilienfeld, A. H.: The Relationship of Pulmonary Hyaline Membrane to Certain Factors in Pregnancy and Delivery , Pediatrics 26:42-50 ( (July) ) 1960. 30. Hess, O. W.: Factors Influencing Perinatal Mortality in Cesarean Section , Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 75:376-386 ( (Feb.) ) 1958. 31. Strang, L. B.; Anderson, G. S., and Platt, J. W.: Neonatal Death and Elective Caesarean Section , Lancet 1:954-956 ( (May 11) ) 1957.Crossref 32. Landing, B. H.: Pathologic Features of Respiratory Distress Syndromes in Newborn Infants , Amer. J. Roentgenol. 74:796-799 ( (Nov.) ) 1955. 33. Silverman, W. A., and Silverman, R. H.: "Incidence" of Hyaline Membrane in Premature Infants, Letter to the Editor , Lancet 2:588 ( (Sept. 13) ) 1958.Crossref 34. Avery, M. E., and Drolette, M.: "Incidence" of Hyaline Membrane in Premature Infants, Letter to the Editor , Lancet 2:960 ( (Nov. 1) ) 1958.Crossref 35. Reutter, F.: Über hyaline Membranen und Atelektasen der Neugeborenen-Lunge , Gynaecologia 137:367-384 ( (June) ) 1954. 36. Laufe, L. E., and Stevenson, S. S.: Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes: Preliminary Report on Experimental Production , Obstet. Gynec. (N.-Y.) 3:637-643 ( (June) ) 1954. 37. Hadders, H. N., and Dirken, M. N. J.: On the Origin of the Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes , J. Path. Bact. 70:419-425 ( (Oct.) ) 1955.Crossref 38. Duran-Jorda, F.; Holzel, A., and Patterson, W. H.: A Histochemical Study of Pulmonary Hyaline Membrane , Arch. Dis. Child. 31:113-118 ( (April) ) 1952.Crossref 39. Lynch, M. J. G.; Mellor, L. D., and Badgery, A. R.: Hyaline Membrane Disease: Its Nature and Etiology; The Poisonous Metabolic Effects of Excess Oxygen; Neural Control of Electrolytes , J. Pediat. 48:602-632 ( (May) ) 1956.Crossref 40. Gitlin, D., and Craig, J. M.: The Nature of the Hyaline Membrane in Asphyxia of the Newborn , Pediatrics 17:64-71 ( (Jan.) ) 1956. 41. Anderson, G. S.: Hyaline Membrane, Letter to the Editor , Lancet 2:1175 ( (Nov. 29) ) 1958.Crossref 42. Barter, R. A.: The Neonatal Pulmonary Hyaline Membrane, Letter to the Editor , Lancet 2:160-161 ( (Aug.) ) 1959.Crossref 43. Wagner, J. C.: The Histochemistry of Pulmonary Hyaline Membrane in Newborn Infants and Its Interpretation , Lancet 2:634-635 ( (Sept. 25) ) 1954.Crossref 44. Kloos, K., and Wulf, H.: Pulmonale "hyaline Membranen" bei Neugeborenen: III. Morphogenese und histochemische Analysen , Zbl. Allg. Path. 96:41-51 ( (Feb. 15) ) 1957. 45. Carone, F. A., and Spector, W. G.: The Interaction of Plasma Proteins and Mucoid Substances in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes , J. Path. Bact. 80:62-71 ( (July) ) 1960. 46. Angervall, L., and Edström, J.-E.: The Occurrence of Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Pulmonary Membranes of the Newborn Infant , Acta Path. Microbiol. Scand. 44:1-4, 1958.Crossref 47. Buckingham, S., and Sommers, S. C.: Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes: A Study of the Infant Disease and Experimental Hyaline Membranes Induced Pharmacologically , A.M.A. J. Dis. Child. 99:216-227 ( (Feb.) ) 1960.Crossref 48. van Breemen, V. L.; Neustein, H. B., and Bruns, P. D.: Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes Studied with the Electron Microscope , Amer. J. Path. 33:769-789 ( (July) -Aug.) 1957. 49. Bruns, P. D., and Shields, L. V.: High Oxygen and Hyaline-Like Membranes , Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 67:1224-1236 ( (June) ) 1954. 50. Tran-Dinh-De and Anderson, G. W.: The Experimental Production of Pulmonary Hyaline-Like Membranes with Atelectasis , Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 68:1557-1567 ( (Dec.) ) 1954. 51. Aikawa, J. K., and Bruns, P. D.: Pulmonary Lesions in Experimental Oxygen Poisoning , A.M.A. J. Dis. Child. 91:614-620 ( (June) ) 1956.Crossref 52. Berfenstam, R.; Edlund, T., and Zettergren, L.: Hyaline Membrane Disease: The Influence of High Oxygen Concentration on Ciliary Activity in the Respiratory Tract; An Experimental Study on Rabbits , Acta Paediat. (Upps.) 47:527-533 ( (Sept.) ) 1958.Crossref 53. Avery, M. E., and Oppenheimer, E. H.: Recent Increase in Mortality from Hyaline Membrane Disease , J. Pediat. 57:553-559 ( (Oct.) ) 1960.Crossref 54. Silverman, W. A.: Dunham's Premature Infants , Ed. 3, New York, Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., Medical Book Department of Harper & Brothers, 1961, Chap. xiv . 55. Lendrum, F. C.: The "Pulmonary Hyaline Membrane" as a Manifestation of Heart Failure in the Newborn Infant , J. Pediat. 47:149-156 ( (Aug.) ) 1955.Crossref 56. Gruenwald, P.: The Mechanism of Abnormal Expansion of the Lungs of Mature and Premature Born Infants , Bull. Margaret Hague Maternity Hosp. 8:100-106 ( (Dec.) ) 1955. 57. Gruenwald, P.: The Significance of Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes in Newborn Infants , J.A.M.A. 166:621-623 ( (Feb. 8) ) 1958.Crossref 58. Ahvenainen, E. K.: On Membranes ("Vernix Membrane") Caused by Amniotic Fluid in the Lungs of Newborn and on Interstitial Emphysema, as Well as Spontaneous Pneumothorax , Ann. Med. Intern. Fenn. 36:367-375, 1947. 59. Ranström, S.: On the Effect of the Hyaline Membranes in the Lungs of Newborn Infants , Acta Paediat. (Upps.) 42:323-329 ( (July) ) 1953.Crossref 60. Blystad, W.: The Hyaline Membrane Syndrome in Premature Infants , Arch. Dis. Child. 31:33-34 ( (Feb.) ) 1956.Crossref 61. Briggs, J. N., and Hogg, G.: Perinatal Pulmonary Pathology , Pediatrics 22:41-48 ( (July) ) 1958. 62. Latham, E. F.; Nesbitt, R. E. L., Jr., and Anderson, G. W.: A Clinical Pathological Study of the Newborn Lung with Hyaline-Like Membranes , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 96:173-198, 1955. 63. Claireaux, A. E.: Neonatal Pathology , in Modern Trends in Pediatrics (Second Series) , edited by A. Holzel and J. P. M. Tizard, New York, Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., Medical Book Department of Harper & Brothers, 1958. 64. Rudolph, A. J., and Smith, C. A., Editors: Idiopathic Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the Newborn , J. Pediat. 57:905-921 ( (Dec.) ) 1960.Crossref 65. Valdes-Dapena, M. A.: An Atlas of Fetal and Neonatal Histology , Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1957, p. 30. 66. Brown, R. J. K.: Respiratory Difficulties at Birth , Brit. Med. J. 1:404-408 ( (Feb. 14) ) 1959.Crossref 67. James, L. S.: Physiology of Respiration in Newborn Infants and in the Respiratory Distress Syndrome , Pediatrics 24:1069-1101 ( (Dec.) ) 1959. 68. Haddad, H. M.; Hsia, D. Y. Y., and Gellis, S. S.: Studies in the Respiratory Rate in the Newborn: Its Use in the Evaluation of Respiratory Distress in Infants of Diabetic Mothers , Pediatrics 17:204-213 ( (Feb.) ) 1956. 69. Usher, R.: The Respiratory Distress Syndrome of Prematurity , Pediatria Int. (Roma) 9:255, 1959. 70. Sutherland, J. M.; Oppe, T. E.; Lucey, J. F., and Smith, C. A.: Leg Volume Changes Observed in Hyaline Membrane Disease , A.M.A. J. Dis. Child. 98:24-26 ( (July) ) 1959. 71. Burnard, E. D.: Changes in the Heart Size in the Dyspneic Newborn Baby , Brit. Med. J. 1:1495-1500 ( (June 13) ) 1959.Crossref 72. Karlberg, P.: Physiological Aspects of Temperature and Oxygen Effects on Newborn Infants , Acta Paediat. (Upps.) 49( (Supp. 122) ):29, 1960.Crossref 73. Blystad, W.: Blood Gas Determinations on Premature Infants: Investigations of Premature Infants with Early Dyspnea (The Hyaline Membrane Syndrome) , Acta Paediat. (Upps.) 45:103-113 ( (March) ) 1956.Crossref 74. Cook, C. D.; Cherry, R. B.; O'Brien, D.; Karlberg, P., and Smith, C. A.: Studies of Respiratory Physiology in the Newborn Infant: I. 75. Observations on Normal Premature and Full-Term Infants , J. Clin. Invest. 34:975-982 ( (July) ) 1955.Crossref 76. Karlberg, P.; Cook, C. D.; O'Brien, D.; Cherry, R. B., and Smith, C. A.: Studies of Respiratory Physiology in the Newborn Infant: II. Observations During and After Respiratory Distress , Acta Paediat. (Upps.) 43( (Supp. 100) ): 397-411, 1954.Crossref 77. Cook, C. D.; Sutherland, J. M.; Segal, S.; Cherry, R. B.; Mead, J.; McIlroy, M. B., and Smith, C. A.: Studies of Respiratory Physiology in the Newborn Infant: III. Measurements of Mechanics of Respiration , J. Clin. Invest. 36:440-448 ( (March) ) 1957.Crossref 78. Stahlman, M. T.: Pulmonary Ventilation and Diffusion in the Human Newborn Infant , J. Clin. Invest. 36:1081-1091 ( (July) ) 1957.Crossref 79. Sutherland, J. M., and Ratcliff, J. W.: Crying Vital Capacity , Amer. J. Dis. Child. 101:67-74 ( (Jan.) ) 1961.Crossref 80. Usher, R.: The Respiratory Distress Syndrome of Prematurity: I. Changes in Potassium in the Serum and the Electrocardiogram and Effects of Therapy , Pediatrics 24:562-576 ( (Oct.) ) 1959. 81. Keith, J. D.; Rose, V.; Braudo, M., and Rowe, R. D.: The Electrocardiogram in the Respiratory Distress Syndrome, abstract , Amer. J. Dis. Child. 100:730-731 ( (Nov.) ) 1960. 82. Fawcitt, J.: Radiological Findings in the Lungs of Premature Infants , Arch. Dis. Child. 31: 119-123 ( (April) ) 1956.Crossref 83. Miller, H. C.: In Rudolph and Smith.61 84. Bauman, W. A.: The Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Its Significance in Premature Infants , Pediatrics 24:194-204 ( (Aug.) ) 1959. 85. Craig, J. M.; Fenton, K., and Gitlin, D.: Obstructive Factors in the Pulmonary Hyaline Membrane Syndrome in Asphyxia of the Newborn , Pediatrics 22:847-856 ( (Nov.) ) 1958. 86. Bernstein, J., and Wang, J.: The Pathology of Neonatal Pneumonia , Amer. J. Dis. Child. 101: 350-363 ( (March) ) 1961. 87. Behrle, F. C.; Gibson, D. M., and Miller, H. C.: Role of Hyaline Membranes, Blood, Exudate, Edema Fluid and Amniotic Sac Contents in Preventing Expansion of the Lungs of Newborn Infants , Pediatrics 7:782-792 ( (June) ) 1951. 88. James, L. S.: In Rudolph and Smith.61 89. Macklin, C. C.: The Pulmonary Alveolar Mucoid Film and the Pneumonocytes , Lancet 1:1099-1104 ( (May 29) ) 1954.Crossref 90. Pattle, R. E.: Properties, Function and Origin of the Alveolar Lining Layer , Nature (Lond.) 175:1125-1126 ( (June 25) ) 1955.Crossref 91. Pattle, R. E.: Properties, Function and Origin of the Alveolar Lining Layer , Proc. Roy. Soc. (Biol.) 148:217-240 ( (Feb. 18) ) 1958.Crossref 92. Engle, S.: The Child's Lung , London, Edward Arnold Publishers, Ltd., 1947. 93. Clements, J. A.; Brown, E. S., and Johnson, R. P.: Pulmonary Surface Tension and the Mucous Lining of the Lungs: Some Theoretical Considerations , J. Appl. Physiol. 12:262-268 ( (March) ) 1958. 94. Klaus, M.; Clements, J., and Havel, R. J.: Surface Active Extract of the Lung, in Program of the 71st Annual Meeting of the American Pediatric Society, May 2-3, 1961, p. 28. 95. Brown, E. S.: Lung Area from Surface Tension Effects , Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 95: 168-170 ( (May) ) 1957.Crossref 96. Clements, J. A.: Surface Tension of Lung Extracts , Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 95:170-172 ( (May) ) 1957.Crossref 97. Avery, M. E., and Mead, J.: Surface Properties in Relation to Atelectasis and Hyaline Membrane Disease , A.M.A. J. Dis. Child. 97:517-523 ( (May) ) 1959. 98. Gruenwald, P.: Prenatal Origin of the Respiratory Distress (Hyaline Membrane) Syndrome of Premature Infants, Letter to the Editor , Lancet 1:230 ( (Jan. 23) ) 1960.Crossref 99. Foman, S. J., Editor: Normal and Abnormal Respiration in Children, in Report of the 37th Ross Conference on Pediatric Research, April 24-26, 1960, Columbus, Ohio, Ross Laboratories, 1961. 100. Barrie, H.: Hyaline Membranes, Correspondence , Brit. Med. J. 1:420-421 ( (Feb. 6) ) 1960.Crossref 101. Driscoll, S. G.; Benirschke, K., and Curtis, G. W.: Neonatal Deaths Among Infants of Diabetic Mothers , Amer. J. Dis. Child. 100:818-835 ( (Dec.) ) 1960.Crossref 102. Rudolph, A. M.; Drorbaugh, J. E.; Auld, P. A.; Rudolph, A. S.; Nadas, A. S.; Smith, C. A., and Hubbell, J. P.: Studies on the Circulation in the Neonatal Period , Pediatrics 27:551-566 ( (April) ) 1961. 103. Drinker, C. K.: Clinical Physiology of the Lungs , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1954. 104. Barrie, H., and Carter, R. E. B.: Respiratory Difficulties at Birth , Brit. Med. J. 1:1183-1184 ( (May 2) ) 1959.Crossref 105. James, L. S., and Rowe, R. D.: The Pattern of Response of Pulmonary and Systemic Arterial Pressures in Newborn and Older Infants to Short Periods of Hypoxia , J. Pediat. 51:5-11 ( (July) ) 1957.Crossref 106. Dawes, G. S.; Mott, J. C., and Widdicombe, J. G.: The Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus in Newborn Lambs and Its Physiological Consequences , J. Physiol. (Lond.) 128:361-383 ( (May) ) 1955. 107. Rowe, R. D., and James, L. S.: The Normal Pulmonary Arterial Pressure During the First Year of Life , J. Pediat. 51:1-4 ( (July) ) 1957.Crossref 108. Adams, F. H., and Lind, J.: Physiologic Studies on the Cardiovascular Status of Normal Newborn Infants (with Special Reference to the Ductus Arteriosus) , Pediatrics 19:431-437 ( (March) ) 1957. 109. Wood, P.: The Eisenmenger Syndrome or Pulmonary Hypertension with Reversed Central Shunt , Brit. Med. J. 2:755-762 ( (Sept. 27) ) 1958.Crossref 110. Lind, J., and Wegelius, C.: Human Fetal Circulation: Changes in the Cardiovascular System at Birth and Disturbances in the Post-Natal Closure of the Foramen Ovale and the Ductus Arteriosus , Cold Spr. Harbor Symposium Quant. Biol. XIX: 109, 1954.Crossref 111. Prec, K. J., and Cassels, D. E.: Dye Dilution Curves and Cardiac Output in Newborn Infants , Circulation 11:789-798 ( (May) ) 1955.Crossref 112. Eldridge, F. L., and Hultgren, H. N.: The Physiologic Closure of the Ductus Arteriosus in the Newborn Infant , J. Clin. Invest. 34:987-996 ( (July) ) 1955.Crossref 113. Born, G. V. R.; Dawes, G. S., and Mott, J. C.: The Constriction of the Ductus Arteriosus Caused by Oxygen and by Asphyxia in Newborn Lambs , J. Physiol. (Lond.) 132:304-342 ( (May 28) ) 1956. 114. Barclay, A. E.; Franklin, K., and Pritchard, M. M. L.: The Foetal Circulation and Cardiovascular Systems , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1945. 115. Desmond, M. M.; Kay, J. L., and Megarity, A. L.: The Phase of "Transitional Distress" Occurring in Neonates in Association with Prolonged Postnatal Umbilical Cord Pulsations , J. Pediat. 55:131-151 ( (Aug.) ) 1959.Crossref 116. Smith, C. A.: Circulatory Factors in Relation to Idiopathic Respiratory Distress (Hyaline Membrane Disease) in the Newborn , J. Pediat. 56:605-611 ( (May) ) 1960.Crossref 117. Baar, H. S.: The Interstitial Fluid of the Newborn Infant , Pediatria Int. (Roma) 9:299, 1959. 118. Gairdner, D.; Marks, J.; Roscoe, J. D., and Brettell, R. O.: The Fluid Shift from the Vascular Compartment Immediately After Birth , Arch. Dis. Child. 33:489-498 ( (Dec.) ) 1958.Crossref 119. Sisson, T. R. C.: Changes in the Blood Volume of Infants in the First Hours of Life , A.M.A. J. Dis. Child. 98:638-640 ( (Nov.) ) 1959. 120. Potter, E. L., and Rosenbaum, W.: The Association of Mild External Hydrocephalus with Death in the Early Days of Life , Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 45:822-827 ( (May) ) 1943. 121. Crosse, M. V.: Atelectasis with Hyaline Membranes and Vitamin E , Pediatria Int. (Roma) 9:229, 1959. 122. Ziegler, H. K.: Die hyalinen Membranen in Rahmen der Lungenbefunde bei Frühgenborenen , Z. Kinderheilk. 79:433-448, 1957.Crossref 123. Stadie, W. C.; Riggs, B. C., and Haugaard, N.: Oxygen Poisoning , Amer. J. Med. Sci. 207:84-114 ( (Jan.) ) 1944.Crossref 124. Cedergren, B.; Gyllensten, L., and Wersall, J.: Pulmonary Damage Caused by Oxygen Poisoning: An Electron-Microscopic Study in Mice , Acta Paediat. (Upps.) 48:477-494, 1959. 125. Gyllensten, L.: Oxygen Exposure and Brain Damage , Nature (Lond.) 183:1068-1069 ( (April) ) 1959.Crossref 126. Stevenson, S. S., and Laufe, L. E.: Experimental Production of the Pulmonary Hyaline Membrane Syndrome , J. Pediat. 47:40-47 ( (July) ) 1955.Crossref 127. Diji, A., and Greenfield, D.: The Local Effect of Carbon Dioxide on Human Blood Vessels , Amer. Heart J. 60:907-914 ( (Dec.) ) 1960.Crossref 128. Fremont-Smith, F., in Oxygen Supply to the Human Fetus: A Symposium , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1959. 129. Wulf, H.: Pulmonale hyaline Membranen und Neugeborenen , Med. Klin. 52:2246-2248 ( (Dec.) ) 1957. 130. Lieberman, J.: Clinical Syndromes Associated with Deficient Lung Fibrinolytic Activity: I. A New Concept of Hyaline-Membrane Disease , New Engl. J. Med. 260:619-626 ( (March 26) ) 1959.Crossref 131. Quie, P. G., and Wannamaker, L. W.: The Plasminogen-Plasmin System of Newborn Infants , Amer. J. Dis. Child. 100:836-843 ( (Dec.) ) 1960.Crossref 132. Samartzis, E. A., and Cook, C. D.: The Relationship Between Age and Fibrinolytic Activity of Serum , Acta Paediat. (Upps.) 49:724-726 ( (May) ) 1960.Crossref 133. Samartzis, E. A.; Cook, C. D., and Rudolph, A. J.: Fibrinolytic Activity in the Serum of Infants With and Without the Hyaline Membrane Syndrome , Acta Paediat. (Upps.) 49:727-733 ( (Nov.) ) 1960.Crossref 134. Lieberman, J., and Kellogg, F.: A Deficiency of Pulmonary Fibrinolysis in Hyaline-Membrane Disease , New Engl. J. Med. 262: 999-1004 ( (May 19) ) 1960.Crossref 135. Fleming, W. H.; Szakacs, J. E.; Hartney, T. C., and King, E. R.: Hyaline Membrane Following Total Body Radiation: Relation to Lung Plasminogen Activator (A Preliminary Communication) , Lancet 2:1010-1011 ( (Nov. 5) ) 1960.Crossref 136. Neligan, G. A.; Oxon, D. M., and Smith, C. A.: The Blood Pressure of Newborn Infants in Asphyxial States and in Hyaline Membrane Disease , Pediatrics 26:735-744 ( (Nov.) ) 1960. 137. Rossdale, P.: When to Tie the Cord, Letter to the Editor , Brit. Med. J. 1:921-922 ( (April 4) ) 1959.Crossref 138. Polacek, K.: The Pathogenesis of Hyaline Membrane Disease , Etudes Neonatal 5:31, 1956 139. Curtis, P.: Hyaline Membrane Disease , J. Pediat. 51:726, 1957.Crossref 140. Silverman, W. A., and Nishihara, M.: The Newborn Infant's Oxygen Supply, Letters to the Editor , Lancet 2:390 ( (Aug. 24) ) 1957.Crossref 141. Black, M. M., and Baldi, A. G.: Eosinophils in the Thymus in Hyaline Membrane Disease (Respiratory Distress Syndrome) , Pediatrics 24: 205-214 ( (Aug.) ) 1959. 142. Black, M. M., and Speer, F. D.: Structure of Lymph Nodes in Hyaline Membrane Disease , Amer. J. Clin. Path. 33:303-309 ( (April) ) 1960. 143. Cameron, G. R., and De, S. N.: Experimental Pulmonary Edema of Nervous Origin , J. Path. Bact. 61:375-387 ( (July) ) 1949.Crossref 144. Muller, H.: Zur pathologischen Physiologie der hyalinen Membranen , Mschr. Kinderheilk. 107:131-134 ( (March) ) 1959 145. Exerpta Med. VII , 14:281 ( (May) ) 1960. 146. Gellis, S. S.; White, P., and Pfeffer, W.: Gastric Suction: A Proposed Additional Technic for the Prevention of Asphyxia in Infants Delivered by Caesarean Section , New Engl. J. Med. 240:533-537 ( (April 7) ) 1949.Crossref 147. Little, D. M., Jr.; D'Andrea, F. H., and Mastrangelo, A., Jr.: Gastric Aspiration as a Technique for the Prevention of Asphyxia in the Newborn Infant , Surg. Gynec. Obstet. 93:363-367 ( (Sept.) ) 1951. 148. Westin, B.: On the Amount of Gastric Contents in the Normal and the Asphyxiated Newborn Infant , Acta Paediat. (Upps.) 47:354-356 ( (July) ) 1958.Crossref 149. Freeman, L. C., and Scott, R. B.: Gastric Suction in Infants Delivered by Caesarean Section , A.M.A. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 87:570-574 ( (May) ) 1954. 150. Hsia, D., in Report of the 31st Ross Conference on Pediatric Research, Nov. 5-6, 1958, Columbus, Ohio, edited by T. K. Oliver, Columbus, Ohio, Ross Laboratories, 1958. 151. Editorial: Caesarean Section and Hyaline Membrane , Lancet 1:686-687 ( (March 26) ) 1960. 152. Clayton, S. G.: Pregnant Diabetic: Report on 200 Cases , J. Obstet. Gynaec. Brit. Emp. 63: 532-541 ( (Aug.) ) 1956.Crossref 153. James, L. S.; Weisbrot, I. M.; Prince, C. E.; Holaday, D. A., and Apgar, V.: The Acid-Base Status of Human Infants in Relation to Birth Asphyxia and the Onset of Respiration , J. Pediat. 52:379-394 ( (April) ) 1958.Crossref 154. Apgar, V.; Holaday, D. A.; James, L. S.; Prince, C. E.; Weisbrot, I. M., and Weiss, I.: Comparison of Regional and General Anesthesia in Obstetrics , J.A.M.A. 165:2155-2161 ( (Dec. 28) ) 1957.Crossref 155. Apgar, V.; Holaday, D. A.; James, L. S.; Weisbrot, I. M., and Berrien, C.: Evaluation of the Newborn Infant: Second Report , J.A.M.A. 168:1985-1988 ( (Dec. 13) ) 1958.Crossref 156. Reardon, H., in Report of the 31st Ross Conference on Pediatric Research, Nov. 5-6, 1958, Columbus, Ohio, edited by T. K. Oliver, Columbus, Ohio, Ross Laboratories, 1958. 157. Donald, I.; Kerr, M. M., and Macdonald, I. R.: Respiratory Phenomena in the Newborn , Scot. Med. J. 3:151-164 ( (April) ) 1958. 158. Benson, F., and Celander, O.: Respirator Treatment of Pulmonary Insufficiency in the Newborn , Acta Paediat. (Upps.) 48 ( (Supp. 118) ):49-50 (Sept.) 1959.Crossref 159. Love, W. G., Jr., and Tillery, B.: New Treatment for Atelectasis of the Newborn , A.M.A. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 86:423-425 ( (Oct.) ) 1953. 160. Michelson, R. P.: Treatment of Atelectasis in the Newborn by Sternal Traction , Laryngoscope 63:379-388 ( (May) ) 1953.Crossref 161. Silverman, W. A., and Andersen, D. H.: Controlled Clinical Trial of Alevaire Mist on Premature Infants , J.A.M.A. 157:1093-1096 ( (March 26) ) 1955.Crossref 162. Briggs, J. N.: Clinical Trial of Alevaire in Pulmonary Distress of the Newborn Infant , J. Pediat. 46:621-625 ( (June) ) 1955.Crossref 163. Aronson, N.: Studies on Hyaline Membranes , Pediatrics 27:567-577 ( (April) ) 1961. 164. Silverman, W. A., and Blanc, W. A.: The Effect of Humidity on Survival of Newly Born Premature Infants , Pediatrics 20:477-487 ( (Sept.) ) 1957. 165. Silverman, W. A.: The Physical Environment and the Premature Infant , Pediatrics 23:166-171 ( (Jan.) ) 1959. 166. Miller, H. C.; Behrle, F. C.; Hagar, D. L., and Denison, T. R.: The Effect of High Humidity on Body Temperature and Oxygen Consumption of Newborn Premature Infants , Pediatrics 27:740-747 ( (May) ) 1961. 167. Lacomme, M.; Chabrun, J.; Boreau, T., and David, G.: Application de la méthode dite "hibernation artificielle" á la pathologie néonatale , Etude Neonatale 3:3, 1954. 168. Stahlman, M. T., in Report of the 31st Ross Conference of Pediatric Research, Nov. 5-6, 1958, Columbus, Ohio, edited by T. K. Oliver, Columbus, Ohio, Ross Laboratories, 1958. 169. Ch'eng, C.; Ho, Y., and Yen, J.: Digitalis in Preventing Hyaline Membrane Disease in the Newborn , Chin. Med. J. 77:457, 1958 170. Exerpta Med. Pediat. 14:9, 1960. 171. Engleson, G.; Rooth, G., and Sjostedt, S.: Treatment of Premature Infants with 15% Oxygen , Acta Paediat. (Upps.) Supp. 118:47-49 ( (Sept.) ) 1959.Crossref 172. Adams, F., in Report of the 31st Ross Conference on Pediatric Research, Columbus, Ohio, Nov. 5-6, 1958, edited by T. K. Oliver, Columbus, Ohio, Ross Laboratories, 1958. 173. Cook, C. D.; Sutherland, J. M.; Segal, S.; Cherry, R. B.; Mead, J.; Mcilroy, M. D., and Smith, C. A.: Medical Progress: Apnea and Respiratory Distress in the Newborn Infant: Physiological Background, Resuscitation and Supportive Techniques , New Engl. J. Med. 254:562-568 ( (March 22) ), 604-610 (March 29), 651-657 (April 5) 1956.Crossref 174. Day, L. R., and Sanford, H. N.: Electrophrenic Artificial Respiration in the Newborn , A.M.A. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 89:553-563 ( (May) ) 1955. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png American Journal of Diseases of Children American Medical Association

Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes and the Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Loading next page...
 
/lp/american-medical-association/pulmonary-hyaline-membranes-and-the-respiratory-distress-syndrome-PD62ERBvcB

References (162)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1961 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0002-922X
DOI
10.1001/archpedi.1961.02080010873011
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract The lungs of newborn infants, particularly those who are premature or born to diabetic mothers, frequently contain membranes of eosinophilic material, which line the distal respiratory passages and are almost always associated with extensive atelectasis. They are found in an estimated 20%-40% of liveborn infants who die in the first few days of life. They may be found, furthermore, in as much as 70% of those early neonatal deaths in which no other major abnormality is encountered. These membranes and the atelectasis that accompanies them are the most commonly found abnormality in early neonatal death. The last decade has been one of intensive investigation and study of pulmonary hyaline membranes and their associated phenomena in the newborn. They are no longer merely a pathologic entity to be recognized on postmortem examination. Their clinical and radiologic features have been clarified, and the resultant syndrome is now the concern of the cardiac References 1. Johnson, W. C.: Pneumonia in Newborn Infants with Lesions Resembling Influenza , Proc. New York Path. Soc. 23:138-142 ( (Jan.) -May) 1923. 2. Farber, S., and Sweet, L. K.: Amniotic Sac Contents in the Lungs of Infants , Amer. J. Dis. Child. 42:1372-1383 ( (Dec.) ) 1931. 3. Farber, S., and Wilson, J. L.: The Hyaline Membrane in the Lungs: I. A Descriptive Study , Arch. Path. 14:437-449 ( (Oct.) ) 1932. 4. Farber, S., and Wilson, J. L.: The Hyaline Membrane in the Lungs: II. An Experimental Study , Arch. Path. 14:450-460 ( (Oct.) ) 1932. 5. Rosenthal, M.: The Pulmonary Lesions Associated with Intrauterine Asphyxia , J. Pediat. 6:71-81 ( (Jan.) ) 1935.Crossref 6. Miller, H. C., and Hamilton, T. R.: The Pathogenesis of the "Vernix Membrane": Relation to Aspiration Pneumonia in Stillborn and Newborn Infants , Pediatrics 3:735-748 ( (June) ) 1949. 7. Potter, E. L.: Pathology of Prematurity , J. Amer. Med. Wom. Ass. 5:391-396 ( (Oct.) ) 1950. 8. Miller, H. C., and Jennison, M. H.: Study of Pulmonary Hyaline-Like Material in 4117 Consecutive Births: Incidence, Pathogenesis and Diagnosis , Pediatrics 5:7-20 ( (Jan.) ) 1950. 9. Blystad, W.; Landing, B. H., and Smith, C. A.: Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes in Newborn Infants: Statistical, Morphologic and Experimental Study of Their Nature, Occurrence and Significance , Pediatrics 8:5-21 ( (July) ) 1951. 10. Bruns, P. D., and Shields, L. V.: The Pathogenesis and Relationship of the Hyaline-Like Pulmonary Membrane to Premature Neonatal Mortality , Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 61:953-964 ( (May) ) 1951. 11. Tregillus, J.: The Asphyxial Membrane in the Lungs of Liveborn Infants , J. Obstet. Gynaec. Brit. Emp. 58:406-413 ( (June) ) 1951.Crossref 12. Miller, H. C.; Behrle, F. C., and Gibson, D. M.: Comparison of Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes in Vagotomized Rabbits with Those in Newborn Infants , Pediatrics 7:611-615 ( (May) ) 1951. 13. Farber, S.: Studies on Pulmonary Edema: I. The Consequences of Bilateral Cervical Vagotomy in the Rabbit , J. Exp. Med. 66:397-404 ( (Oct.) ) 1937Crossref 14. II. The Pathogenesis of Neuropathic Paumonary Edema , J. Exp. Med. 66:405-411, 1937.Crossref 15. Arey, J. B., Editor: Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes: Report of the 5th M & R Pediatric Research Conference, April 16, 1952, Columbus, Ohio, M & R Laboratories, 1953. 16. Morison, J. E.: Foetal and Neonatal Pathology , London, Butterworth & Co., Ltd., 1952. 17. Potter, E. L.: Pulmonary Pathology in the Newborn , Advance. Pediat. 6:157-189, 1953. 18. Tran-Dinh-De and Anderson, G. W.: Hyaline-Like Membranes Associated with Diseases of the Newborn Lungs: A Review of the Literature , Obstet. Gynec. Survey 8:1-44 ( (Feb.) ) 1953.Crossref 19. Cross, K. W.; Lelong, M., and Smith, C. A., Editors: Anoxia of the New-Born Infant: A Symposium Organized by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences , established under the joint auspices of UNESCO and WHO, Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1953. 20. Donald, I., and Lord, J.: Augmented Respiration: Studies in Atelectasis Neonatorum , Lancet 1:9-17 ( (Jan. 3) ) 1953.Crossref 21. Donald, I., and Steiner, R. E.: Radiography in the Diagnosis of Hyaline Membrane , Lancet 2: 846-849 ( (Oct. 24) ) 1953.Crossref 22. Donald, I.: Neonatal Respiration and Hyaline Membrane , Brit. J. Anaesth. 29:553-569 ( (Dec.) ) 1957.Crossref 23. Peterson, H. G., Jr., and Pendleton, M. E.: Contrasting Roentgenographic Pulmonary Patterns of the Hyaline Membrane and Fetal Aspiration Syndromes , Amer. J. Roentgenol. 74:800-813 ( (Nov.) ) 1955. 24. Feinberg, S. B., and Goldberg, M. E.: Hyaline Membrane Disease: Preclinical Roentgen Diagnosis , Radiology 68:185-191 ( (Feb.) ) 1957. 25. Bound, J. P.; Butler, N. R., and Spector, W. G.: Classification and Causes of Perinatal Mortality , Brit. Med. J. 2:1191-1196 (Nov. (24) ) 1956.Crossref 26. Silverman, W. A., and Andersen, D. H.: A Controlled Clinical Trial of Effects of Water Mist on Obstructive Respiratory Signs, Death Rate and Necropsy Findings Among Premature Infants , Pediatrics 17:1-9 ( (Jan.) ) 1956. 27. Miller, H. C.; Behrle, F. C., and Smull, N. W.: Respiratory Activity and Function in Newborn Infants Dying with Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes , Pediatrics 22:665-674 ( (Oct.) ) 1958. 28. Rogers, W. S., and Gruenwald, P.: Hyaline Membranes in the Lungs of Premature Infants , Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 71:9-15 ( (Jan.) ) 1956. 29. Cohen, M. M.; Weintraub, D. H., and Lilienfeld, A. H.: The Relationship of Pulmonary Hyaline Membrane to Certain Factors in Pregnancy and Delivery , Pediatrics 26:42-50 ( (July) ) 1960. 30. Hess, O. W.: Factors Influencing Perinatal Mortality in Cesarean Section , Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 75:376-386 ( (Feb.) ) 1958. 31. Strang, L. B.; Anderson, G. S., and Platt, J. W.: Neonatal Death and Elective Caesarean Section , Lancet 1:954-956 ( (May 11) ) 1957.Crossref 32. Landing, B. H.: Pathologic Features of Respiratory Distress Syndromes in Newborn Infants , Amer. J. Roentgenol. 74:796-799 ( (Nov.) ) 1955. 33. Silverman, W. A., and Silverman, R. H.: "Incidence" of Hyaline Membrane in Premature Infants, Letter to the Editor , Lancet 2:588 ( (Sept. 13) ) 1958.Crossref 34. Avery, M. E., and Drolette, M.: "Incidence" of Hyaline Membrane in Premature Infants, Letter to the Editor , Lancet 2:960 ( (Nov. 1) ) 1958.Crossref 35. Reutter, F.: Über hyaline Membranen und Atelektasen der Neugeborenen-Lunge , Gynaecologia 137:367-384 ( (June) ) 1954. 36. Laufe, L. E., and Stevenson, S. S.: Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes: Preliminary Report on Experimental Production , Obstet. Gynec. (N.-Y.) 3:637-643 ( (June) ) 1954. 37. Hadders, H. N., and Dirken, M. N. J.: On the Origin of the Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes , J. Path. Bact. 70:419-425 ( (Oct.) ) 1955.Crossref 38. Duran-Jorda, F.; Holzel, A., and Patterson, W. H.: A Histochemical Study of Pulmonary Hyaline Membrane , Arch. Dis. Child. 31:113-118 ( (April) ) 1952.Crossref 39. Lynch, M. J. G.; Mellor, L. D., and Badgery, A. R.: Hyaline Membrane Disease: Its Nature and Etiology; The Poisonous Metabolic Effects of Excess Oxygen; Neural Control of Electrolytes , J. Pediat. 48:602-632 ( (May) ) 1956.Crossref 40. Gitlin, D., and Craig, J. M.: The Nature of the Hyaline Membrane in Asphyxia of the Newborn , Pediatrics 17:64-71 ( (Jan.) ) 1956. 41. Anderson, G. S.: Hyaline Membrane, Letter to the Editor , Lancet 2:1175 ( (Nov. 29) ) 1958.Crossref 42. Barter, R. A.: The Neonatal Pulmonary Hyaline Membrane, Letter to the Editor , Lancet 2:160-161 ( (Aug.) ) 1959.Crossref 43. Wagner, J. C.: The Histochemistry of Pulmonary Hyaline Membrane in Newborn Infants and Its Interpretation , Lancet 2:634-635 ( (Sept. 25) ) 1954.Crossref 44. Kloos, K., and Wulf, H.: Pulmonale "hyaline Membranen" bei Neugeborenen: III. Morphogenese und histochemische Analysen , Zbl. Allg. Path. 96:41-51 ( (Feb. 15) ) 1957. 45. Carone, F. A., and Spector, W. G.: The Interaction of Plasma Proteins and Mucoid Substances in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes , J. Path. Bact. 80:62-71 ( (July) ) 1960. 46. Angervall, L., and Edström, J.-E.: The Occurrence of Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Pulmonary Membranes of the Newborn Infant , Acta Path. Microbiol. Scand. 44:1-4, 1958.Crossref 47. Buckingham, S., and Sommers, S. C.: Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes: A Study of the Infant Disease and Experimental Hyaline Membranes Induced Pharmacologically , A.M.A. J. Dis. Child. 99:216-227 ( (Feb.) ) 1960.Crossref 48. van Breemen, V. L.; Neustein, H. B., and Bruns, P. D.: Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes Studied with the Electron Microscope , Amer. J. Path. 33:769-789 ( (July) -Aug.) 1957. 49. Bruns, P. D., and Shields, L. V.: High Oxygen and Hyaline-Like Membranes , Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 67:1224-1236 ( (June) ) 1954. 50. Tran-Dinh-De and Anderson, G. W.: The Experimental Production of Pulmonary Hyaline-Like Membranes with Atelectasis , Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 68:1557-1567 ( (Dec.) ) 1954. 51. Aikawa, J. K., and Bruns, P. D.: Pulmonary Lesions in Experimental Oxygen Poisoning , A.M.A. J. Dis. Child. 91:614-620 ( (June) ) 1956.Crossref 52. Berfenstam, R.; Edlund, T., and Zettergren, L.: Hyaline Membrane Disease: The Influence of High Oxygen Concentration on Ciliary Activity in the Respiratory Tract; An Experimental Study on Rabbits , Acta Paediat. (Upps.) 47:527-533 ( (Sept.) ) 1958.Crossref 53. Avery, M. E., and Oppenheimer, E. H.: Recent Increase in Mortality from Hyaline Membrane Disease , J. Pediat. 57:553-559 ( (Oct.) ) 1960.Crossref 54. Silverman, W. A.: Dunham's Premature Infants , Ed. 3, New York, Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., Medical Book Department of Harper & Brothers, 1961, Chap. xiv . 55. Lendrum, F. C.: The "Pulmonary Hyaline Membrane" as a Manifestation of Heart Failure in the Newborn Infant , J. Pediat. 47:149-156 ( (Aug.) ) 1955.Crossref 56. Gruenwald, P.: The Mechanism of Abnormal Expansion of the Lungs of Mature and Premature Born Infants , Bull. Margaret Hague Maternity Hosp. 8:100-106 ( (Dec.) ) 1955. 57. Gruenwald, P.: The Significance of Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes in Newborn Infants , J.A.M.A. 166:621-623 ( (Feb. 8) ) 1958.Crossref 58. Ahvenainen, E. K.: On Membranes ("Vernix Membrane") Caused by Amniotic Fluid in the Lungs of Newborn and on Interstitial Emphysema, as Well as Spontaneous Pneumothorax , Ann. Med. Intern. Fenn. 36:367-375, 1947. 59. Ranström, S.: On the Effect of the Hyaline Membranes in the Lungs of Newborn Infants , Acta Paediat. (Upps.) 42:323-329 ( (July) ) 1953.Crossref 60. Blystad, W.: The Hyaline Membrane Syndrome in Premature Infants , Arch. Dis. Child. 31:33-34 ( (Feb.) ) 1956.Crossref 61. Briggs, J. N., and Hogg, G.: Perinatal Pulmonary Pathology , Pediatrics 22:41-48 ( (July) ) 1958. 62. Latham, E. F.; Nesbitt, R. E. L., Jr., and Anderson, G. W.: A Clinical Pathological Study of the Newborn Lung with Hyaline-Like Membranes , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 96:173-198, 1955. 63. Claireaux, A. E.: Neonatal Pathology , in Modern Trends in Pediatrics (Second Series) , edited by A. Holzel and J. P. M. Tizard, New York, Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., Medical Book Department of Harper & Brothers, 1958. 64. Rudolph, A. J., and Smith, C. A., Editors: Idiopathic Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the Newborn , J. Pediat. 57:905-921 ( (Dec.) ) 1960.Crossref 65. Valdes-Dapena, M. A.: An Atlas of Fetal and Neonatal Histology , Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1957, p. 30. 66. Brown, R. J. K.: Respiratory Difficulties at Birth , Brit. Med. J. 1:404-408 ( (Feb. 14) ) 1959.Crossref 67. James, L. S.: Physiology of Respiration in Newborn Infants and in the Respiratory Distress Syndrome , Pediatrics 24:1069-1101 ( (Dec.) ) 1959. 68. Haddad, H. M.; Hsia, D. Y. Y., and Gellis, S. S.: Studies in the Respiratory Rate in the Newborn: Its Use in the Evaluation of Respiratory Distress in Infants of Diabetic Mothers , Pediatrics 17:204-213 ( (Feb.) ) 1956. 69. Usher, R.: The Respiratory Distress Syndrome of Prematurity , Pediatria Int. (Roma) 9:255, 1959. 70. Sutherland, J. M.; Oppe, T. E.; Lucey, J. F., and Smith, C. A.: Leg Volume Changes Observed in Hyaline Membrane Disease , A.M.A. J. Dis. Child. 98:24-26 ( (July) ) 1959. 71. Burnard, E. D.: Changes in the Heart Size in the Dyspneic Newborn Baby , Brit. Med. J. 1:1495-1500 ( (June 13) ) 1959.Crossref 72. Karlberg, P.: Physiological Aspects of Temperature and Oxygen Effects on Newborn Infants , Acta Paediat. (Upps.) 49( (Supp. 122) ):29, 1960.Crossref 73. Blystad, W.: Blood Gas Determinations on Premature Infants: Investigations of Premature Infants with Early Dyspnea (The Hyaline Membrane Syndrome) , Acta Paediat. (Upps.) 45:103-113 ( (March) ) 1956.Crossref 74. Cook, C. D.; Cherry, R. B.; O'Brien, D.; Karlberg, P., and Smith, C. A.: Studies of Respiratory Physiology in the Newborn Infant: I. 75. Observations on Normal Premature and Full-Term Infants , J. Clin. Invest. 34:975-982 ( (July) ) 1955.Crossref 76. Karlberg, P.; Cook, C. D.; O'Brien, D.; Cherry, R. B., and Smith, C. A.: Studies of Respiratory Physiology in the Newborn Infant: II. Observations During and After Respiratory Distress , Acta Paediat. (Upps.) 43( (Supp. 100) ): 397-411, 1954.Crossref 77. Cook, C. D.; Sutherland, J. M.; Segal, S.; Cherry, R. B.; Mead, J.; McIlroy, M. B., and Smith, C. A.: Studies of Respiratory Physiology in the Newborn Infant: III. Measurements of Mechanics of Respiration , J. Clin. Invest. 36:440-448 ( (March) ) 1957.Crossref 78. Stahlman, M. T.: Pulmonary Ventilation and Diffusion in the Human Newborn Infant , J. Clin. Invest. 36:1081-1091 ( (July) ) 1957.Crossref 79. Sutherland, J. M., and Ratcliff, J. W.: Crying Vital Capacity , Amer. J. Dis. Child. 101:67-74 ( (Jan.) ) 1961.Crossref 80. Usher, R.: The Respiratory Distress Syndrome of Prematurity: I. Changes in Potassium in the Serum and the Electrocardiogram and Effects of Therapy , Pediatrics 24:562-576 ( (Oct.) ) 1959. 81. Keith, J. D.; Rose, V.; Braudo, M., and Rowe, R. D.: The Electrocardiogram in the Respiratory Distress Syndrome, abstract , Amer. J. Dis. Child. 100:730-731 ( (Nov.) ) 1960. 82. Fawcitt, J.: Radiological Findings in the Lungs of Premature Infants , Arch. Dis. Child. 31: 119-123 ( (April) ) 1956.Crossref 83. Miller, H. C.: In Rudolph and Smith.61 84. Bauman, W. A.: The Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Its Significance in Premature Infants , Pediatrics 24:194-204 ( (Aug.) ) 1959. 85. Craig, J. M.; Fenton, K., and Gitlin, D.: Obstructive Factors in the Pulmonary Hyaline Membrane Syndrome in Asphyxia of the Newborn , Pediatrics 22:847-856 ( (Nov.) ) 1958. 86. Bernstein, J., and Wang, J.: The Pathology of Neonatal Pneumonia , Amer. J. Dis. Child. 101: 350-363 ( (March) ) 1961. 87. Behrle, F. C.; Gibson, D. M., and Miller, H. C.: Role of Hyaline Membranes, Blood, Exudate, Edema Fluid and Amniotic Sac Contents in Preventing Expansion of the Lungs of Newborn Infants , Pediatrics 7:782-792 ( (June) ) 1951. 88. James, L. S.: In Rudolph and Smith.61 89. Macklin, C. C.: The Pulmonary Alveolar Mucoid Film and the Pneumonocytes , Lancet 1:1099-1104 ( (May 29) ) 1954.Crossref 90. Pattle, R. E.: Properties, Function and Origin of the Alveolar Lining Layer , Nature (Lond.) 175:1125-1126 ( (June 25) ) 1955.Crossref 91. Pattle, R. E.: Properties, Function and Origin of the Alveolar Lining Layer , Proc. Roy. Soc. (Biol.) 148:217-240 ( (Feb. 18) ) 1958.Crossref 92. Engle, S.: The Child's Lung , London, Edward Arnold Publishers, Ltd., 1947. 93. Clements, J. A.; Brown, E. S., and Johnson, R. P.: Pulmonary Surface Tension and the Mucous Lining of the Lungs: Some Theoretical Considerations , J. Appl. Physiol. 12:262-268 ( (March) ) 1958. 94. Klaus, M.; Clements, J., and Havel, R. J.: Surface Active Extract of the Lung, in Program of the 71st Annual Meeting of the American Pediatric Society, May 2-3, 1961, p. 28. 95. Brown, E. S.: Lung Area from Surface Tension Effects , Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 95: 168-170 ( (May) ) 1957.Crossref 96. Clements, J. A.: Surface Tension of Lung Extracts , Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 95:170-172 ( (May) ) 1957.Crossref 97. Avery, M. E., and Mead, J.: Surface Properties in Relation to Atelectasis and Hyaline Membrane Disease , A.M.A. J. Dis. Child. 97:517-523 ( (May) ) 1959. 98. Gruenwald, P.: Prenatal Origin of the Respiratory Distress (Hyaline Membrane) Syndrome of Premature Infants, Letter to the Editor , Lancet 1:230 ( (Jan. 23) ) 1960.Crossref 99. Foman, S. J., Editor: Normal and Abnormal Respiration in Children, in Report of the 37th Ross Conference on Pediatric Research, April 24-26, 1960, Columbus, Ohio, Ross Laboratories, 1961. 100. Barrie, H.: Hyaline Membranes, Correspondence , Brit. Med. J. 1:420-421 ( (Feb. 6) ) 1960.Crossref 101. Driscoll, S. G.; Benirschke, K., and Curtis, G. W.: Neonatal Deaths Among Infants of Diabetic Mothers , Amer. J. Dis. Child. 100:818-835 ( (Dec.) ) 1960.Crossref 102. Rudolph, A. M.; Drorbaugh, J. E.; Auld, P. A.; Rudolph, A. S.; Nadas, A. S.; Smith, C. A., and Hubbell, J. P.: Studies on the Circulation in the Neonatal Period , Pediatrics 27:551-566 ( (April) ) 1961. 103. Drinker, C. K.: Clinical Physiology of the Lungs , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1954. 104. Barrie, H., and Carter, R. E. B.: Respiratory Difficulties at Birth , Brit. Med. J. 1:1183-1184 ( (May 2) ) 1959.Crossref 105. James, L. S., and Rowe, R. D.: The Pattern of Response of Pulmonary and Systemic Arterial Pressures in Newborn and Older Infants to Short Periods of Hypoxia , J. Pediat. 51:5-11 ( (July) ) 1957.Crossref 106. Dawes, G. S.; Mott, J. C., and Widdicombe, J. G.: The Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus in Newborn Lambs and Its Physiological Consequences , J. Physiol. (Lond.) 128:361-383 ( (May) ) 1955. 107. Rowe, R. D., and James, L. S.: The Normal Pulmonary Arterial Pressure During the First Year of Life , J. Pediat. 51:1-4 ( (July) ) 1957.Crossref 108. Adams, F. H., and Lind, J.: Physiologic Studies on the Cardiovascular Status of Normal Newborn Infants (with Special Reference to the Ductus Arteriosus) , Pediatrics 19:431-437 ( (March) ) 1957. 109. Wood, P.: The Eisenmenger Syndrome or Pulmonary Hypertension with Reversed Central Shunt , Brit. Med. J. 2:755-762 ( (Sept. 27) ) 1958.Crossref 110. Lind, J., and Wegelius, C.: Human Fetal Circulation: Changes in the Cardiovascular System at Birth and Disturbances in the Post-Natal Closure of the Foramen Ovale and the Ductus Arteriosus , Cold Spr. Harbor Symposium Quant. Biol. XIX: 109, 1954.Crossref 111. Prec, K. J., and Cassels, D. E.: Dye Dilution Curves and Cardiac Output in Newborn Infants , Circulation 11:789-798 ( (May) ) 1955.Crossref 112. Eldridge, F. L., and Hultgren, H. N.: The Physiologic Closure of the Ductus Arteriosus in the Newborn Infant , J. Clin. Invest. 34:987-996 ( (July) ) 1955.Crossref 113. Born, G. V. R.; Dawes, G. S., and Mott, J. C.: The Constriction of the Ductus Arteriosus Caused by Oxygen and by Asphyxia in Newborn Lambs , J. Physiol. (Lond.) 132:304-342 ( (May 28) ) 1956. 114. Barclay, A. E.; Franklin, K., and Pritchard, M. M. L.: The Foetal Circulation and Cardiovascular Systems , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1945. 115. Desmond, M. M.; Kay, J. L., and Megarity, A. L.: The Phase of "Transitional Distress" Occurring in Neonates in Association with Prolonged Postnatal Umbilical Cord Pulsations , J. Pediat. 55:131-151 ( (Aug.) ) 1959.Crossref 116. Smith, C. A.: Circulatory Factors in Relation to Idiopathic Respiratory Distress (Hyaline Membrane Disease) in the Newborn , J. Pediat. 56:605-611 ( (May) ) 1960.Crossref 117. Baar, H. S.: The Interstitial Fluid of the Newborn Infant , Pediatria Int. (Roma) 9:299, 1959. 118. Gairdner, D.; Marks, J.; Roscoe, J. D., and Brettell, R. O.: The Fluid Shift from the Vascular Compartment Immediately After Birth , Arch. Dis. Child. 33:489-498 ( (Dec.) ) 1958.Crossref 119. Sisson, T. R. C.: Changes in the Blood Volume of Infants in the First Hours of Life , A.M.A. J. Dis. Child. 98:638-640 ( (Nov.) ) 1959. 120. Potter, E. L., and Rosenbaum, W.: The Association of Mild External Hydrocephalus with Death in the Early Days of Life , Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 45:822-827 ( (May) ) 1943. 121. Crosse, M. V.: Atelectasis with Hyaline Membranes and Vitamin E , Pediatria Int. (Roma) 9:229, 1959. 122. Ziegler, H. K.: Die hyalinen Membranen in Rahmen der Lungenbefunde bei Frühgenborenen , Z. Kinderheilk. 79:433-448, 1957.Crossref 123. Stadie, W. C.; Riggs, B. C., and Haugaard, N.: Oxygen Poisoning , Amer. J. Med. Sci. 207:84-114 ( (Jan.) ) 1944.Crossref 124. Cedergren, B.; Gyllensten, L., and Wersall, J.: Pulmonary Damage Caused by Oxygen Poisoning: An Electron-Microscopic Study in Mice , Acta Paediat. (Upps.) 48:477-494, 1959. 125. Gyllensten, L.: Oxygen Exposure and Brain Damage , Nature (Lond.) 183:1068-1069 ( (April) ) 1959.Crossref 126. Stevenson, S. S., and Laufe, L. E.: Experimental Production of the Pulmonary Hyaline Membrane Syndrome , J. Pediat. 47:40-47 ( (July) ) 1955.Crossref 127. Diji, A., and Greenfield, D.: The Local Effect of Carbon Dioxide on Human Blood Vessels , Amer. Heart J. 60:907-914 ( (Dec.) ) 1960.Crossref 128. Fremont-Smith, F., in Oxygen Supply to the Human Fetus: A Symposium , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1959. 129. Wulf, H.: Pulmonale hyaline Membranen und Neugeborenen , Med. Klin. 52:2246-2248 ( (Dec.) ) 1957. 130. Lieberman, J.: Clinical Syndromes Associated with Deficient Lung Fibrinolytic Activity: I. A New Concept of Hyaline-Membrane Disease , New Engl. J. Med. 260:619-626 ( (March 26) ) 1959.Crossref 131. Quie, P. G., and Wannamaker, L. W.: The Plasminogen-Plasmin System of Newborn Infants , Amer. J. Dis. Child. 100:836-843 ( (Dec.) ) 1960.Crossref 132. Samartzis, E. A., and Cook, C. D.: The Relationship Between Age and Fibrinolytic Activity of Serum , Acta Paediat. (Upps.) 49:724-726 ( (May) ) 1960.Crossref 133. Samartzis, E. A.; Cook, C. D., and Rudolph, A. J.: Fibrinolytic Activity in the Serum of Infants With and Without the Hyaline Membrane Syndrome , Acta Paediat. (Upps.) 49:727-733 ( (Nov.) ) 1960.Crossref 134. Lieberman, J., and Kellogg, F.: A Deficiency of Pulmonary Fibrinolysis in Hyaline-Membrane Disease , New Engl. J. Med. 262: 999-1004 ( (May 19) ) 1960.Crossref 135. Fleming, W. H.; Szakacs, J. E.; Hartney, T. C., and King, E. R.: Hyaline Membrane Following Total Body Radiation: Relation to Lung Plasminogen Activator (A Preliminary Communication) , Lancet 2:1010-1011 ( (Nov. 5) ) 1960.Crossref 136. Neligan, G. A.; Oxon, D. M., and Smith, C. A.: The Blood Pressure of Newborn Infants in Asphyxial States and in Hyaline Membrane Disease , Pediatrics 26:735-744 ( (Nov.) ) 1960. 137. Rossdale, P.: When to Tie the Cord, Letter to the Editor , Brit. Med. J. 1:921-922 ( (April 4) ) 1959.Crossref 138. Polacek, K.: The Pathogenesis of Hyaline Membrane Disease , Etudes Neonatal 5:31, 1956 139. Curtis, P.: Hyaline Membrane Disease , J. Pediat. 51:726, 1957.Crossref 140. Silverman, W. A., and Nishihara, M.: The Newborn Infant's Oxygen Supply, Letters to the Editor , Lancet 2:390 ( (Aug. 24) ) 1957.Crossref 141. Black, M. M., and Baldi, A. G.: Eosinophils in the Thymus in Hyaline Membrane Disease (Respiratory Distress Syndrome) , Pediatrics 24: 205-214 ( (Aug.) ) 1959. 142. Black, M. M., and Speer, F. D.: Structure of Lymph Nodes in Hyaline Membrane Disease , Amer. J. Clin. Path. 33:303-309 ( (April) ) 1960. 143. Cameron, G. R., and De, S. N.: Experimental Pulmonary Edema of Nervous Origin , J. Path. Bact. 61:375-387 ( (July) ) 1949.Crossref 144. Muller, H.: Zur pathologischen Physiologie der hyalinen Membranen , Mschr. Kinderheilk. 107:131-134 ( (March) ) 1959 145. Exerpta Med. VII , 14:281 ( (May) ) 1960. 146. Gellis, S. S.; White, P., and Pfeffer, W.: Gastric Suction: A Proposed Additional Technic for the Prevention of Asphyxia in Infants Delivered by Caesarean Section , New Engl. J. Med. 240:533-537 ( (April 7) ) 1949.Crossref 147. Little, D. M., Jr.; D'Andrea, F. H., and Mastrangelo, A., Jr.: Gastric Aspiration as a Technique for the Prevention of Asphyxia in the Newborn Infant , Surg. Gynec. Obstet. 93:363-367 ( (Sept.) ) 1951. 148. Westin, B.: On the Amount of Gastric Contents in the Normal and the Asphyxiated Newborn Infant , Acta Paediat. (Upps.) 47:354-356 ( (July) ) 1958.Crossref 149. Freeman, L. C., and Scott, R. B.: Gastric Suction in Infants Delivered by Caesarean Section , A.M.A. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 87:570-574 ( (May) ) 1954. 150. Hsia, D., in Report of the 31st Ross Conference on Pediatric Research, Nov. 5-6, 1958, Columbus, Ohio, edited by T. K. Oliver, Columbus, Ohio, Ross Laboratories, 1958. 151. Editorial: Caesarean Section and Hyaline Membrane , Lancet 1:686-687 ( (March 26) ) 1960. 152. Clayton, S. G.: Pregnant Diabetic: Report on 200 Cases , J. Obstet. Gynaec. Brit. Emp. 63: 532-541 ( (Aug.) ) 1956.Crossref 153. James, L. S.; Weisbrot, I. M.; Prince, C. E.; Holaday, D. A., and Apgar, V.: The Acid-Base Status of Human Infants in Relation to Birth Asphyxia and the Onset of Respiration , J. Pediat. 52:379-394 ( (April) ) 1958.Crossref 154. Apgar, V.; Holaday, D. A.; James, L. S.; Prince, C. E.; Weisbrot, I. M., and Weiss, I.: Comparison of Regional and General Anesthesia in Obstetrics , J.A.M.A. 165:2155-2161 ( (Dec. 28) ) 1957.Crossref 155. Apgar, V.; Holaday, D. A.; James, L. S.; Weisbrot, I. M., and Berrien, C.: Evaluation of the Newborn Infant: Second Report , J.A.M.A. 168:1985-1988 ( (Dec. 13) ) 1958.Crossref 156. Reardon, H., in Report of the 31st Ross Conference on Pediatric Research, Nov. 5-6, 1958, Columbus, Ohio, edited by T. K. Oliver, Columbus, Ohio, Ross Laboratories, 1958. 157. Donald, I.; Kerr, M. M., and Macdonald, I. R.: Respiratory Phenomena in the Newborn , Scot. Med. J. 3:151-164 ( (April) ) 1958. 158. Benson, F., and Celander, O.: Respirator Treatment of Pulmonary Insufficiency in the Newborn , Acta Paediat. (Upps.) 48 ( (Supp. 118) ):49-50 (Sept.) 1959.Crossref 159. Love, W. G., Jr., and Tillery, B.: New Treatment for Atelectasis of the Newborn , A.M.A. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 86:423-425 ( (Oct.) ) 1953. 160. Michelson, R. P.: Treatment of Atelectasis in the Newborn by Sternal Traction , Laryngoscope 63:379-388 ( (May) ) 1953.Crossref 161. Silverman, W. A., and Andersen, D. H.: Controlled Clinical Trial of Alevaire Mist on Premature Infants , J.A.M.A. 157:1093-1096 ( (March 26) ) 1955.Crossref 162. Briggs, J. N.: Clinical Trial of Alevaire in Pulmonary Distress of the Newborn Infant , J. Pediat. 46:621-625 ( (June) ) 1955.Crossref 163. Aronson, N.: Studies on Hyaline Membranes , Pediatrics 27:567-577 ( (April) ) 1961. 164. Silverman, W. A., and Blanc, W. A.: The Effect of Humidity on Survival of Newly Born Premature Infants , Pediatrics 20:477-487 ( (Sept.) ) 1957. 165. Silverman, W. A.: The Physical Environment and the Premature Infant , Pediatrics 23:166-171 ( (Jan.) ) 1959. 166. Miller, H. C.; Behrle, F. C.; Hagar, D. L., and Denison, T. R.: The Effect of High Humidity on Body Temperature and Oxygen Consumption of Newborn Premature Infants , Pediatrics 27:740-747 ( (May) ) 1961. 167. Lacomme, M.; Chabrun, J.; Boreau, T., and David, G.: Application de la méthode dite "hibernation artificielle" á la pathologie néonatale , Etude Neonatale 3:3, 1954. 168. Stahlman, M. T., in Report of the 31st Ross Conference of Pediatric Research, Nov. 5-6, 1958, Columbus, Ohio, edited by T. K. Oliver, Columbus, Ohio, Ross Laboratories, 1958. 169. Ch'eng, C.; Ho, Y., and Yen, J.: Digitalis in Preventing Hyaline Membrane Disease in the Newborn , Chin. Med. J. 77:457, 1958 170. Exerpta Med. Pediat. 14:9, 1960. 171. Engleson, G.; Rooth, G., and Sjostedt, S.: Treatment of Premature Infants with 15% Oxygen , Acta Paediat. (Upps.) Supp. 118:47-49 ( (Sept.) ) 1959.Crossref 172. Adams, F., in Report of the 31st Ross Conference on Pediatric Research, Columbus, Ohio, Nov. 5-6, 1958, edited by T. K. Oliver, Columbus, Ohio, Ross Laboratories, 1958. 173. Cook, C. D.; Sutherland, J. M.; Segal, S.; Cherry, R. B.; Mead, J.; Mcilroy, M. D., and Smith, C. A.: Medical Progress: Apnea and Respiratory Distress in the Newborn Infant: Physiological Background, Resuscitation and Supportive Techniques , New Engl. J. Med. 254:562-568 ( (March 22) ), 604-610 (March 29), 651-657 (April 5) 1956.Crossref 174. Day, L. R., and Sanford, H. N.: Electrophrenic Artificial Respiration in the Newborn , A.M.A. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 89:553-563 ( (May) ) 1955.

Journal

American Journal of Diseases of ChildrenAmerican Medical Association

Published: Dec 1, 1961

There are no references for this article.