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Protection Factor of Sunscreens to Monochromatic Radiation

Protection Factor of Sunscreens to Monochromatic Radiation Abstract Seventeen commercially available sunscreens were tested to determine their relative protection at 305 nm of monochromatic radiation. Tests, using 23 volunteers, were also made with four representative sunscreens: P-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in alcoholic solution (Presun), cinoxate and menthyl anthranilate (Maxafil), the benzophenone mixture of oxybenzone and dioxybenzone (Solbar), and an ester of PABA (Pabafilm) were tested in the sunburn range at 295, 300, 305, and 313 nm. Alcoholic solutions of PABA were the most effective, with a mean protection factor (PF) of 17.6; esters of PABA were less effective, with a mean PF that ranged from 5.5 to 8.3, and were comparable to the benzophenones. A combination of cinoxate and menthyl anthranilate (Maxafil) gave a mean PF of 9.6. There was no significant difference in the PF with the different wavelengths 295 to 313 nm. References 1. Macleod TM, Frain-Bell W: The study of the efficacy of some agents used for the protection of the skin from exposure to light . Br J Dermatol 84:266-281, 1971.Crossref 2. Willis I, Kligman AM: Aminobenzoic acid and its esters . Arch Dermatol 102:405-417, 1970.Crossref 3. Langner A, Kligman AM: Further sunscreen studies of aminobenzoic acid . Arch Dermatol 105:851-854, 1972.Crossref 4. Cripps DJ, Ramsay CA: Ultraviolet action spectrum with a prism-grating monochromator . Br J Dermatol 82:584-592, 1970.Crossref 5. Rothman S, Schultz W: Beziehungen zwischen selektiver Ultraviolett Absorption und chemischer Konstitution . Strahlentherapie 28:110-114, 1928. 6. Pathak MA, Fitzpatrick TB, Frank E: Evaluation of topical agents that prevent sunburn: The superiority of PABA and its esters in ethyl alcohol . N Engl J Med 280:1459-1463, 1969.Crossref 7. Mc Cullough EC: Qualitative and Quantitative Features of the Terrestrial Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Environment, thesis. University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis, 1971. 8. Knox JM, Guin J, Cockerall EG: Benzophenones: Ultraviolet light absorbing agents . J Invest Dermatol 29:435-443, 1957.Crossref 9. Forbes MA, Brannen M, King WC: Benzophenone as a sunscreen . South Med J 52:321-324, 1966.Crossref 10. Goldstein N: PABA in Hawaii: Clinical experience with an alcoholic p-aminobenzoic acid sunscreen . Cutis 7:507-542, 1971. 11. Cole WJ: Clinical evaluation of a new sunscreen preparation . Cutis 8:145-148, 1971. 12. Katz SJ: Relative effectiveness of selected sunscreens . Arch Dermatol 101:466-468, 1970.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Dermatology American Medical Association

Protection Factor of Sunscreens to Monochromatic Radiation

Cripps, Derek J.; Hegedus, Stephen
Archives of Dermatology , Volume 109 (2) – Feb 1, 1974
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Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1974 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-987X
eISSN
1538-3652
DOI
10.1001/archderm.1974.01630020018003
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract Seventeen commercially available sunscreens were tested to determine their relative protection at 305 nm of monochromatic radiation. Tests, using 23 volunteers, were also made with four representative sunscreens: P-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in alcoholic solution (Presun), cinoxate and menthyl anthranilate (Maxafil), the benzophenone mixture of oxybenzone and dioxybenzone (Solbar), and an ester of PABA (Pabafilm) were tested in the sunburn range at 295, 300, 305, and 313 nm. Alcoholic solutions of PABA were the most effective, with a mean protection factor (PF) of 17.6; esters of PABA were less effective, with a mean PF that ranged from 5.5 to 8.3, and were comparable to the benzophenones. A combination of cinoxate and menthyl anthranilate (Maxafil) gave a mean PF of 9.6. There was no significant difference in the PF with the different wavelengths 295 to 313 nm. References 1. Macleod TM, Frain-Bell W: The study of the efficacy of some agents used for the protection of the skin from exposure to light . Br J Dermatol 84:266-281, 1971.Crossref 2. Willis I, Kligman AM: Aminobenzoic acid and its esters . Arch Dermatol 102:405-417, 1970.Crossref 3. Langner A, Kligman AM: Further sunscreen studies of aminobenzoic acid . Arch Dermatol 105:851-854, 1972.Crossref 4. Cripps DJ, Ramsay CA: Ultraviolet action spectrum with a prism-grating monochromator . Br J Dermatol 82:584-592, 1970.Crossref 5. Rothman S, Schultz W: Beziehungen zwischen selektiver Ultraviolett Absorption und chemischer Konstitution . Strahlentherapie 28:110-114, 1928. 6. Pathak MA, Fitzpatrick TB, Frank E: Evaluation of topical agents that prevent sunburn: The superiority of PABA and its esters in ethyl alcohol . N Engl J Med 280:1459-1463, 1969.Crossref 7. Mc Cullough EC: Qualitative and Quantitative Features of the Terrestrial Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Environment, thesis. University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis, 1971. 8. Knox JM, Guin J, Cockerall EG: Benzophenones: Ultraviolet light absorbing agents . J Invest Dermatol 29:435-443, 1957.Crossref 9. Forbes MA, Brannen M, King WC: Benzophenone as a sunscreen . South Med J 52:321-324, 1966.Crossref 10. Goldstein N: PABA in Hawaii: Clinical experience with an alcoholic p-aminobenzoic acid sunscreen . Cutis 7:507-542, 1971. 11. Cole WJ: Clinical evaluation of a new sunscreen preparation . Cutis 8:145-148, 1971. 12. Katz SJ: Relative effectiveness of selected sunscreens . Arch Dermatol 101:466-468, 1970.Crossref

Journal

Archives of Dermatology – American Medical Association

Published: Feb 1, 1974

References

  • The study of the efficacy of some agents used for the protection of the skin from exposure to light
    Macleod TM, Frain-Bell W
  • Aminobenzoic acid and its esters
    Willis I, Kligman AM
  • Further sunscreen studies of aminobenzoic acid
    Langner A, Kligman AM
  • Ultraviolet action spectrum with a prism-grating monochromator
    Cripps DJ, Ramsay CA
  • Beziehungen zwischen selektiver Ultraviolett Absorption und chemischer Konstitution
    Rothman S, Schultz W
  • Evaluation of topical agents that prevent sunburn: The superiority of PABA and its esters in ethyl alcohol
    Pathak MA, Fitzpatrick TB, Frank E
  • Benzophenones: Ultraviolet light absorbing agents
    Knox JM, Guin J, Cockerall EG
  • Benzophenone as a sunscreen
    Forbes MA, Brannen M, King WC
  • Clinical experience with an alcoholic p-aminobenzoic acid sunscreen
    Goldstein N: PABA in Hawaii
  • Clinical evaluation of a new sunscreen preparation
    Cole WJ
  • Relative effectiveness of selected sunscreens
    Katz SJ