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Key PointsQuestionIn patients with cirrhosis at high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is surveillance for HCC with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) superior to surveillance by ultrasonography (US)? FindingsIn this prospective surveillance study of 407 patients with cirrhosis and a risk for developing HCC greater than 5% per year, screening MRI with liver-specific contrast resulted in a significantly higher HCC detection rate and lower a false-positive rate compared with US. Using MRI screening, most HCC cases detected were at a very early stage, which was associated with a high chance of curative treatments. MeaningIn high-risk patients with cirrhosis, surveillance by MRI with liver-specific contrast may allow earlier detection of HCC than US, improving clinical outcomes.
JAMA Oncology – American Medical Association
Published: Apr 22, 2017
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