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Instant Positive Photographs and Stereograms of Ocular Fundus Fluorescence

Instant Positive Photographs and Stereograms of Ocular Fundus Fluorescence Abstract Most of the fluorescence angiography of the ocular fundus, since its introduction in 1961 by Novotny and Alvis,1 has been done on 35-mm films of moderate to high speed2 and some on cinematography films.3,4 Several combinations of filters have been used for exciting fluorescence and eliminating the unused exciting light. In this communication a method for obtaining instant positive prints on Polaroid film, in stereoscopic view if desired, is presented. The necessary alterations of the Zeiss fundus camera are referred to and the choice combination of exciting and photographing filters is given. A few new observations and interpretations of fluorescing structures as seen in stereoscopic views are given. Equipment The Zeiss fundus camera as modified by Stenstrom5 and Allen6-8 is combined with the 2× accessory lens (5×, final magnification) and a Vertex adapter * for a Polaroid 3½ × 4½-inch 3,000 ASA film pack.† The film References 1. Carl Zeiss, Inc., 444 Fifth Ave., New York 18, NY. 2. Polaroid Land, film pack type 107, Polaroid Corp. 3. Allen, L., to be published. 4. Bussey Electronics, 10900 SW 84th Ave, Kendall, Fla. 5. Polaroid Land, type 58 color film, Polaroid Corp. 6. Kodak Wratten gelatin filter, Eastman Kodak Co. 7. Filters used by others have not given us enough exposure because of our greater magnification, even though our 3,000-speed film has been faster. Mr. H. L. Gibson of Eastman Kodak Co. recommended trying Wratten filter 47-A in the illuminating system for exciting the fluorescein. This filter transmits a much larger total quantity of blue and violet light than do others. Specifically, it transmits 38.6% of the 49-mμ wavelength—said to be the most effective in exciting blood-fluorescein mixtures.1 In contrast, No. 47 transmits only 19.6% and 47-B only 1.3%. For this reason, we prefer 47-A. Experiments by Novotny and Alvis have shown that blood-fluorescein mixtures can fluoresce at 520-mμ wavelength. We have not tried to confirm this. Filter 56 (used by others to absorb all unused exciting light) transmits 78.8% of wavelength 520 mμ while the filter we are using, No. 15, passes only 19.4%. With a given light intensity setting on the camera and through filters 47 with 56, the contrast on the film is not as good as through 47-A with 15. While we like the contrast with still another combination, 47 with 15, it does not give enough exposure. Until a better filter combination, preferably one with no overlapping, is available, we prefer No. 47-A with 15. 8. Moore Kirk Laboratories, Worcester, Mass. 9. Novotny, H.R., and Alvis, D.L.: A Method of Photographing Blood in the Human Retina , Circulation 24:82, 1961.Crossref 10. Dollery, C.T.; Hodge, J.V.; and Engle, M.: Studies of the Retinal Circulation with Fluorescein , Brit Med J 2:1210, 1962.Crossref 11. Hart, L.M., et al: Fluorescence Motion Picture Photography of the Retinal Circulation , J Lab Clin Med 62:703, 1963. 12. Linhart, J.W., et al: Clinical Experience with Fluorescence Retinal Cinematography , Circulation 29:577, 1964.Crossref 13. Stenstrom, W.J.: A Modification of the New Zeiss Fundus Camera , Arch Ophthal 64:935, 1960.Crossref 14. Allen, L.: Ocular Fundus Photography , Amer J Ophthal 57:13, 1964. 15. Allen, L.: Stereoscopic Fundus Photography with the New Instant Positive Print Films , Amer J Ophthal 57:539, 1964. 16. Blodi, F.C., and Allen, L.: Stereoscopic Manual of the Ocular Fundus in Local and Systemic Disease , St Louis: C.V. Mosby Co., 1964. 17. Bailey, N.J.: Blacklight Photography of the Eye , Contacto : 5:91-96 ( (March) ) 1961. 18. Gibson, D.A.: Fluorescence Color Photography of Living Subjects with Electronic Flash Illumination , Med Radiol Photog 38:114, 1962. 19. Scott, D.J., et al: Fluorescein Studies of the Retinal Circulation in Diabetes , Brit J Ophthal 47:588, 1963.Crossref 20. Dollery, C.T., and Hodge, J.V.: Hypertensive Retinopathy Studies with Fluorescein , Trans Ophthal Soc UK 83:115, 1963. 21. Hodge, J.V., and Dollery, C.T.: Retinal Soft Exudates , Quart J Med (new series) 33:129, 1964. 22. Michaelson, I., and Campbell, A.C.P.: Anatomy of the Fine Retinal Vessels and Some Observations on Their Significance in Certain Retinal Diseases , Trans Ophthal Soc UK 60:71, 1940. 23. David, N.; Heyman, A.; and Hart, L.M.: Retinal Fluorescence Photography in Papilledema , Trans Amer Neurol Assoc 88:155, 1963. 24. Norton, E.W.D., et al: Fluorescein Fundus Photography: An Aid in the Differential Diagnosis of Posterior Ocular Lesions , Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryng 68:755, 1964. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Ophthalmology American Medical Association

Instant Positive Photographs and Stereograms of Ocular Fundus Fluorescence

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References (19)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1966 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-9950
eISSN
1538-3687
DOI
10.1001/archopht.1966.00970050194008
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract Most of the fluorescence angiography of the ocular fundus, since its introduction in 1961 by Novotny and Alvis,1 has been done on 35-mm films of moderate to high speed2 and some on cinematography films.3,4 Several combinations of filters have been used for exciting fluorescence and eliminating the unused exciting light. In this communication a method for obtaining instant positive prints on Polaroid film, in stereoscopic view if desired, is presented. The necessary alterations of the Zeiss fundus camera are referred to and the choice combination of exciting and photographing filters is given. A few new observations and interpretations of fluorescing structures as seen in stereoscopic views are given. Equipment The Zeiss fundus camera as modified by Stenstrom5 and Allen6-8 is combined with the 2× accessory lens (5×, final magnification) and a Vertex adapter * for a Polaroid 3½ × 4½-inch 3,000 ASA film pack.† The film References 1. Carl Zeiss, Inc., 444 Fifth Ave., New York 18, NY. 2. Polaroid Land, film pack type 107, Polaroid Corp. 3. Allen, L., to be published. 4. Bussey Electronics, 10900 SW 84th Ave, Kendall, Fla. 5. Polaroid Land, type 58 color film, Polaroid Corp. 6. Kodak Wratten gelatin filter, Eastman Kodak Co. 7. Filters used by others have not given us enough exposure because of our greater magnification, even though our 3,000-speed film has been faster. Mr. H. L. Gibson of Eastman Kodak Co. recommended trying Wratten filter 47-A in the illuminating system for exciting the fluorescein. This filter transmits a much larger total quantity of blue and violet light than do others. Specifically, it transmits 38.6% of the 49-mμ wavelength—said to be the most effective in exciting blood-fluorescein mixtures.1 In contrast, No. 47 transmits only 19.6% and 47-B only 1.3%. For this reason, we prefer 47-A. Experiments by Novotny and Alvis have shown that blood-fluorescein mixtures can fluoresce at 520-mμ wavelength. We have not tried to confirm this. Filter 56 (used by others to absorb all unused exciting light) transmits 78.8% of wavelength 520 mμ while the filter we are using, No. 15, passes only 19.4%. With a given light intensity setting on the camera and through filters 47 with 56, the contrast on the film is not as good as through 47-A with 15. While we like the contrast with still another combination, 47 with 15, it does not give enough exposure. Until a better filter combination, preferably one with no overlapping, is available, we prefer No. 47-A with 15. 8. Moore Kirk Laboratories, Worcester, Mass. 9. Novotny, H.R., and Alvis, D.L.: A Method of Photographing Blood in the Human Retina , Circulation 24:82, 1961.Crossref 10. Dollery, C.T.; Hodge, J.V.; and Engle, M.: Studies of the Retinal Circulation with Fluorescein , Brit Med J 2:1210, 1962.Crossref 11. Hart, L.M., et al: Fluorescence Motion Picture Photography of the Retinal Circulation , J Lab Clin Med 62:703, 1963. 12. Linhart, J.W., et al: Clinical Experience with Fluorescence Retinal Cinematography , Circulation 29:577, 1964.Crossref 13. Stenstrom, W.J.: A Modification of the New Zeiss Fundus Camera , Arch Ophthal 64:935, 1960.Crossref 14. Allen, L.: Ocular Fundus Photography , Amer J Ophthal 57:13, 1964. 15. Allen, L.: Stereoscopic Fundus Photography with the New Instant Positive Print Films , Amer J Ophthal 57:539, 1964. 16. Blodi, F.C., and Allen, L.: Stereoscopic Manual of the Ocular Fundus in Local and Systemic Disease , St Louis: C.V. Mosby Co., 1964. 17. Bailey, N.J.: Blacklight Photography of the Eye , Contacto : 5:91-96 ( (March) ) 1961. 18. Gibson, D.A.: Fluorescence Color Photography of Living Subjects with Electronic Flash Illumination , Med Radiol Photog 38:114, 1962. 19. Scott, D.J., et al: Fluorescein Studies of the Retinal Circulation in Diabetes , Brit J Ophthal 47:588, 1963.Crossref 20. Dollery, C.T., and Hodge, J.V.: Hypertensive Retinopathy Studies with Fluorescein , Trans Ophthal Soc UK 83:115, 1963. 21. Hodge, J.V., and Dollery, C.T.: Retinal Soft Exudates , Quart J Med (new series) 33:129, 1964. 22. Michaelson, I., and Campbell, A.C.P.: Anatomy of the Fine Retinal Vessels and Some Observations on Their Significance in Certain Retinal Diseases , Trans Ophthal Soc UK 60:71, 1940. 23. David, N.; Heyman, A.; and Hart, L.M.: Retinal Fluorescence Photography in Papilledema , Trans Amer Neurol Assoc 88:155, 1963. 24. Norton, E.W.D., et al: Fluorescein Fundus Photography: An Aid in the Differential Diagnosis of Posterior Ocular Lesions , Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryng 68:755, 1964.

Journal

Archives of OphthalmologyAmerican Medical Association

Published: Feb 1, 1966

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