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Sara Emerick, L. Foster, D. Campbell (1986)
Risk factors for traumatic infant death in Oregon, 1973 to 1982.Pediatrics, 77 4
C. Wood (1988)
Victim Factor Correlates of Traumatic Infant Death in South CarolinaSouthern Medical Journal, 81
David Klein, M. Reizen, G. Amburg, Scott Walker (1977)
Some social characteristics of young gunshot fatalitiesAccident Analysis & Prevention, 9
M. Bass, R. Kravath, L. Glass (1986)
Death-scene investigation in sudden infant death.The New England journal of medicine, 315 2
J. Jason, J. Gilliland, C. Tyler (1983)
Homicide as a cause of pediatric mortality in the United States.Pediatrics, 72 2
A. Wagenaar, D. Webster (1984)
The Injury Fact BookJournal of Public Health Policy, 6
P. Schmitz, N. Breslow, N. Day (1981)
Statistical methods in cancer research. Vol. 1. The analysis of case-control studies., 1
National Center for Health Statistics (1991)
Vital Statistics of the United States, 1988, Vol 11, Mortality, Part A
W. Nersesian, M. Petit, R. Shaper, D. Lemieux, E. Naor (1985)
Childhood death and poverty: a study of all childhood deaths in Maine, 1976 to 1980.Pediatrics, 75 1
B. Starfield, Sam Shapiro, J. Weiss, K. Liang, Knut Ra, D. Paige, Xiaobin Wang (1991)
Race, family income, and low birth weight.American journal of epidemiology, 134 10
Kravath RE Bass M (1986)
Death-scene investigation in sudden infant death syndromeN Engl J Med, 315
P. Liberatos, Bruce Link, J. Kelsey (1988)
The measurement of social class in epidemiology.Epidemiologic reviews, 10
K. Wicklund, S. Moss, F. Frost (1984)
Effects of maternal education, age, and parity on fatal infant accidents.American journal of public health, 74 10
S. Libber, D. Stayton (1984)
Childhood burns reconsidered: the child, the family, and the burn injury.The Journal of trauma, 24 3
M. Rosenberg, Juan Rodriguez, Terence Chorba (1990)
Childhood injuries: where we are.Pediatrics, 86 6 Pt 2
L. Fingerhut, J. Kleinman, M. Malloy, J. Feldman (1988)
Injury fatalities among young children.Public health reports, 103 4
Center for Environmental Health and Injury Control Division of Injury Control (1990)
Childhood injuries in the United StatesAJDC, 144
Rodriguez JG Rosenberg ML (1990)
Childhood injuries: where are we?Pediatrics, 86
Joshua Muscat (1988)
Characteristics of childhood homicide in Ohio, 1974-84.American journal of public health, 78 7
J. Jason, M. Carpenter, C. Tyler (1983)
Underrecording of infant homicide in the United States.American journal of public health, 73 2
William Nersesian (1988)
Infant mortality in socially vulnerable populations.Annual review of public health, 9
(1991)
Injury mortality in the first year of lifeN Y State J Med, 91
Thach BT (1986)
Sudden infant death syndrome: old causes rediscovered?N Engl J Med, 315
L. Fingerhut, A. Godfrey, J. Kleinman, H. Rosenberg (1991)
Firearm mortality among children youth and young adults 1-34 years of age trends and current status: United States 1979-88.
Brunskill AJ (1990)
Some sources of error in coding of birth weightAJDC, 80
US Dept of Health and Human Services (1992)
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification
T. Kircher, R. Anderson (1987)
Cause of death. Proper completion of the death certificate.JAMA, 258 3
M. Fullilove (1994)
Deconstructing race in medical research.Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 148 10
T. Kircher, J. Nelson, H. Burdo (1985)
The autopsy as a measure of accuracy of the death certificate.The New England journal of medicine, 313 20
B. Centerwall (1984)
Race, socioeconomic status, and domestic homicide, Atlanta, 1971-72.American journal of public health, 74 8
F. Frost, P. Starzyk, S. George, J. McLaughlin (1984)
Birth complication reporting: the effect of birth certificate design.American journal of public health, 74 5
Abstract Objective: To measure annual rates of infant injury death in Washington State and identify potential risk factors for infant injury death. Methods: A population-based case-control study using a linked file of birth and death certificates for the years 1981 through 1990. Results: The leading causes of infant injury death, per 100000 live births, were intentional injury (9.1); suffocation, choking, or hanging (6.9); motor vehicle crashes (4.4); and drowning (3.2). Unintentional injury death rates fell steeply during the 1970s but remained steady during the 1980s. Infanticide rates rose during the 1980s. Young maternal age (odds ratio, 9.0; 95% confidence interval, 4.5 to 17.9, for age <20 years vs age >30 years) and higher parity (odds ratio, 5.0; 95% confidence interval, 3.1 to 8.3, for parity of two or more vs parity of zero) were associated with infant injury death. There was a twofold increase in the risk of infant injury death if the mother smoked, was black, or lived in a rural area. Male sex of the infant, late prenatal care, and low income were associated only with intentional deaths, while higher parity was more strongly associated with unintentional injury deaths. Conclusions: During 1981 through 1990, infant mortality caused by injuries increased in Washington State. Young maternal age and higher parity were strongly associated with infant injury death.(Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1994;148:1021-1026) References 1. Division of Injury Control, Center for Environmental Health and Injury Control, Centers for Disease Control. Childhood injuries in the United States . AJDC . 1990;144:627-646. 2. Rosenberg ML, Rodriguez JG, Chorba TL. Childhood injuries: where are we? Pediatrics . 1990;86:1084-1091. 3. Fingerhut AL, Kleinman JC, Malloy MH, Feldman JJ. Injury fatalities among young children . Public Health Rep . 1988;103:399-405. 4. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Statistics of the United States, 1988, Vol 11, Mortality, Part A . Washington, DC: Public Health Service; 1991. 5. Baker SP, O'Neill B, Ginsburg MJ, Li G. The Injury Fact Book . 2nd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1992. 6. Wicklund K, Moss S, Frost F. Effects of maternal education, age, and parity on fatal infant accidents . Am J Public Health . 1984;74:1150-1152.Crossref 7. Emerick SJ, Foster LR, Campbell DT. Risk factors for traumatic infant death in Oregon, 1973 to 1982 . Pediatrics . 1986;77:518-522. 8. Wood C. Victim factor correlates of traumatic infant death in South Carolina . South Med J . 1988;81:43-47.Crossref 9. US Dept of Health and Human Services. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification . 4th ed. Washington, DC: US Dept of Health and Human Services; 1992. Publication (PHS) 91-1260. 10. Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, Vol 1: The Analysis of Case-Control Studies . Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1980. Publication 32. 11. Jason J, Carpenter MM, Tyler CW. Underrecording of infant homicide in the United States . Am J Public Health . 1983;73:195-197.Crossref 12. Bass M, Kravath RE, Glass L. Death-scene investigation in sudden infant death syndrome . N Engl J Med . 1986;315:100-105.Crossref 13. Thach BT. Sudden infant death syndrome: old causes rediscovered? N Engl J Med . 1986;315:126-128.Crossref 14. Fingerhut LA, Kleinman JC, Godfrey E, Rosenberg H. Firearm mortality among children, youth, and young adults 1-34 years of age, trends and current status: United States, 1979-88 . Vital Health Stat . 1991;39, No. (11) , suppl. 15. Fingerhut LA. Firearm mortality among children, youth, and young adults 1-34 years of age, trends and current status: United States, 1985-90 . Advance Data From Vital Health Stat . 1993; No. (231) . 16. Kircher T, Anderson RE. Cause of death: proper completion of the death certificate . JAMA . 1987;258:349-352.Crossref 17. Kircher T, Nelson J, Burdo H. The autopsy as a measure of the accuracy of the death certificate . N Engl J Med . 1985;313:1263-1269.Crossref 18. Frost F, Starzyk P, George S, McLaughlin JF. Birth complication reporting: the effect of birth certificate design . Am J Public Health . 1984;74:505-506.Crossref 19. Brunskill AJ. Some sources of error in coding of birth weight . AJDC . 1990; 80:72-73. 20. Liberatos P, Link BG, Kelsey JL. The measurement of social class in epidemiology . Epidemiol Rev . 1988;10:87-121. 21. Starfield B, Shapiro S, Weiss J, et al. Race, family, income, and low birth weight . Am J Epidemiol . 1991;134:1167-1174. 22. Libber SM, Stayton DJ. Childhood burns reconsidered: the child, the family and the burn injury . J Trauma . 1984;24:245-252.Crossref 23. Klein D, Reizen MS, Van Amburg GH, Walker SA. Some social characteristics of young gunshot fatalities . Accid Anal Prev . 1977;9:177-182.Crossref 24. Nersesian WS, Petit MR, Shaper R, Lemieux D, Naor E. Childhood death and poverty: a study of all childhood deaths in Maine, 1976 to 1980 . Pediatrics . 1985;75:41-50. 25. Centerwall BS. Race, socioeconomic status, and domestic homicide, Atlanta, 1971-72 . Am J Public Health . 1984;74:813-814.Crossref 26. Muscat JE. Characteristics of childhood homicide in Ohio, 1974-84 . Am J Public Health . 1988;78:882-824.Crossref 27. Injury mortality in the first year of life . N Y State J Med . 1991;91:118-119. 28. Jason J, Gilliland JC, Tyler CW Jr. Homicide as a cause of pediatric mortality in the United States . Pediatrics . 1983;72:191-197.
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine – American Medical Association
Published: Oct 1, 1994
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