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Infant Injury Death in Washington State, 1981 Through 1990

Infant Injury Death in Washington State, 1981 Through 1990 Abstract Objective: To measure annual rates of infant injury death in Washington State and identify potential risk factors for infant injury death. Methods: A population-based case-control study using a linked file of birth and death certificates for the years 1981 through 1990. Results: The leading causes of infant injury death, per 100000 live births, were intentional injury (9.1); suffocation, choking, or hanging (6.9); motor vehicle crashes (4.4); and drowning (3.2). Unintentional injury death rates fell steeply during the 1970s but remained steady during the 1980s. Infanticide rates rose during the 1980s. Young maternal age (odds ratio, 9.0; 95% confidence interval, 4.5 to 17.9, for age <20 years vs age >30 years) and higher parity (odds ratio, 5.0; 95% confidence interval, 3.1 to 8.3, for parity of two or more vs parity of zero) were associated with infant injury death. There was a twofold increase in the risk of infant injury death if the mother smoked, was black, or lived in a rural area. Male sex of the infant, late prenatal care, and low income were associated only with intentional deaths, while higher parity was more strongly associated with unintentional injury deaths. Conclusions: During 1981 through 1990, infant mortality caused by injuries increased in Washington State. Young maternal age and higher parity were strongly associated with infant injury death.(Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1994;148:1021-1026) References 1. Division of Injury Control, Center for Environmental Health and Injury Control, Centers for Disease Control. Childhood injuries in the United States . AJDC . 1990;144:627-646. 2. Rosenberg ML, Rodriguez JG, Chorba TL. Childhood injuries: where are we? Pediatrics . 1990;86:1084-1091. 3. Fingerhut AL, Kleinman JC, Malloy MH, Feldman JJ. Injury fatalities among young children . Public Health Rep . 1988;103:399-405. 4. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Statistics of the United States, 1988, Vol 11, Mortality, Part A . Washington, DC: Public Health Service; 1991. 5. Baker SP, O'Neill B, Ginsburg MJ, Li G. The Injury Fact Book . 2nd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1992. 6. Wicklund K, Moss S, Frost F. Effects of maternal education, age, and parity on fatal infant accidents . Am J Public Health . 1984;74:1150-1152.Crossref 7. Emerick SJ, Foster LR, Campbell DT. Risk factors for traumatic infant death in Oregon, 1973 to 1982 . Pediatrics . 1986;77:518-522. 8. Wood C. Victim factor correlates of traumatic infant death in South Carolina . South Med J . 1988;81:43-47.Crossref 9. US Dept of Health and Human Services. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification . 4th ed. Washington, DC: US Dept of Health and Human Services; 1992. Publication (PHS) 91-1260. 10. Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, Vol 1: The Analysis of Case-Control Studies . Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1980. Publication 32. 11. Jason J, Carpenter MM, Tyler CW. Underrecording of infant homicide in the United States . Am J Public Health . 1983;73:195-197.Crossref 12. Bass M, Kravath RE, Glass L. Death-scene investigation in sudden infant death syndrome . N Engl J Med . 1986;315:100-105.Crossref 13. Thach BT. Sudden infant death syndrome: old causes rediscovered? N Engl J Med . 1986;315:126-128.Crossref 14. Fingerhut LA, Kleinman JC, Godfrey E, Rosenberg H. Firearm mortality among children, youth, and young adults 1-34 years of age, trends and current status: United States, 1979-88 . Vital Health Stat . 1991;39, No. (11) , suppl. 15. Fingerhut LA. Firearm mortality among children, youth, and young adults 1-34 years of age, trends and current status: United States, 1985-90 . Advance Data From Vital Health Stat . 1993; No. (231) . 16. Kircher T, Anderson RE. Cause of death: proper completion of the death certificate . JAMA . 1987;258:349-352.Crossref 17. Kircher T, Nelson J, Burdo H. The autopsy as a measure of the accuracy of the death certificate . N Engl J Med . 1985;313:1263-1269.Crossref 18. Frost F, Starzyk P, George S, McLaughlin JF. Birth complication reporting: the effect of birth certificate design . Am J Public Health . 1984;74:505-506.Crossref 19. Brunskill AJ. Some sources of error in coding of birth weight . AJDC . 1990; 80:72-73. 20. Liberatos P, Link BG, Kelsey JL. The measurement of social class in epidemiology . Epidemiol Rev . 1988;10:87-121. 21. Starfield B, Shapiro S, Weiss J, et al. Race, family, income, and low birth weight . Am J Epidemiol . 1991;134:1167-1174. 22. Libber SM, Stayton DJ. Childhood burns reconsidered: the child, the family and the burn injury . J Trauma . 1984;24:245-252.Crossref 23. Klein D, Reizen MS, Van Amburg GH, Walker SA. Some social characteristics of young gunshot fatalities . Accid Anal Prev . 1977;9:177-182.Crossref 24. Nersesian WS, Petit MR, Shaper R, Lemieux D, Naor E. Childhood death and poverty: a study of all childhood deaths in Maine, 1976 to 1980 . Pediatrics . 1985;75:41-50. 25. Centerwall BS. Race, socioeconomic status, and domestic homicide, Atlanta, 1971-72 . Am J Public Health . 1984;74:813-814.Crossref 26. Muscat JE. Characteristics of childhood homicide in Ohio, 1974-84 . Am J Public Health . 1988;78:882-824.Crossref 27. Injury mortality in the first year of life . N Y State J Med . 1991;91:118-119. 28. Jason J, Gilliland JC, Tyler CW Jr. Homicide as a cause of pediatric mortality in the United States . Pediatrics . 1983;72:191-197. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine American Medical Association

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References (31)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
1072-4710
eISSN
1538-3628
DOI
10.1001/archpedi.1994.02170100019005
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract Objective: To measure annual rates of infant injury death in Washington State and identify potential risk factors for infant injury death. Methods: A population-based case-control study using a linked file of birth and death certificates for the years 1981 through 1990. Results: The leading causes of infant injury death, per 100000 live births, were intentional injury (9.1); suffocation, choking, or hanging (6.9); motor vehicle crashes (4.4); and drowning (3.2). Unintentional injury death rates fell steeply during the 1970s but remained steady during the 1980s. Infanticide rates rose during the 1980s. Young maternal age (odds ratio, 9.0; 95% confidence interval, 4.5 to 17.9, for age <20 years vs age >30 years) and higher parity (odds ratio, 5.0; 95% confidence interval, 3.1 to 8.3, for parity of two or more vs parity of zero) were associated with infant injury death. There was a twofold increase in the risk of infant injury death if the mother smoked, was black, or lived in a rural area. Male sex of the infant, late prenatal care, and low income were associated only with intentional deaths, while higher parity was more strongly associated with unintentional injury deaths. Conclusions: During 1981 through 1990, infant mortality caused by injuries increased in Washington State. Young maternal age and higher parity were strongly associated with infant injury death.(Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1994;148:1021-1026) References 1. Division of Injury Control, Center for Environmental Health and Injury Control, Centers for Disease Control. Childhood injuries in the United States . AJDC . 1990;144:627-646. 2. Rosenberg ML, Rodriguez JG, Chorba TL. Childhood injuries: where are we? Pediatrics . 1990;86:1084-1091. 3. Fingerhut AL, Kleinman JC, Malloy MH, Feldman JJ. Injury fatalities among young children . Public Health Rep . 1988;103:399-405. 4. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Statistics of the United States, 1988, Vol 11, Mortality, Part A . Washington, DC: Public Health Service; 1991. 5. Baker SP, O'Neill B, Ginsburg MJ, Li G. The Injury Fact Book . 2nd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1992. 6. Wicklund K, Moss S, Frost F. Effects of maternal education, age, and parity on fatal infant accidents . Am J Public Health . 1984;74:1150-1152.Crossref 7. Emerick SJ, Foster LR, Campbell DT. Risk factors for traumatic infant death in Oregon, 1973 to 1982 . Pediatrics . 1986;77:518-522. 8. Wood C. Victim factor correlates of traumatic infant death in South Carolina . South Med J . 1988;81:43-47.Crossref 9. US Dept of Health and Human Services. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification . 4th ed. Washington, DC: US Dept of Health and Human Services; 1992. Publication (PHS) 91-1260. 10. Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, Vol 1: The Analysis of Case-Control Studies . Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1980. Publication 32. 11. Jason J, Carpenter MM, Tyler CW. Underrecording of infant homicide in the United States . Am J Public Health . 1983;73:195-197.Crossref 12. Bass M, Kravath RE, Glass L. Death-scene investigation in sudden infant death syndrome . N Engl J Med . 1986;315:100-105.Crossref 13. Thach BT. Sudden infant death syndrome: old causes rediscovered? N Engl J Med . 1986;315:126-128.Crossref 14. Fingerhut LA, Kleinman JC, Godfrey E, Rosenberg H. Firearm mortality among children, youth, and young adults 1-34 years of age, trends and current status: United States, 1979-88 . Vital Health Stat . 1991;39, No. (11) , suppl. 15. Fingerhut LA. Firearm mortality among children, youth, and young adults 1-34 years of age, trends and current status: United States, 1985-90 . Advance Data From Vital Health Stat . 1993; No. (231) . 16. Kircher T, Anderson RE. Cause of death: proper completion of the death certificate . JAMA . 1987;258:349-352.Crossref 17. Kircher T, Nelson J, Burdo H. The autopsy as a measure of the accuracy of the death certificate . N Engl J Med . 1985;313:1263-1269.Crossref 18. Frost F, Starzyk P, George S, McLaughlin JF. Birth complication reporting: the effect of birth certificate design . Am J Public Health . 1984;74:505-506.Crossref 19. Brunskill AJ. Some sources of error in coding of birth weight . AJDC . 1990; 80:72-73. 20. Liberatos P, Link BG, Kelsey JL. The measurement of social class in epidemiology . Epidemiol Rev . 1988;10:87-121. 21. Starfield B, Shapiro S, Weiss J, et al. Race, family, income, and low birth weight . Am J Epidemiol . 1991;134:1167-1174. 22. Libber SM, Stayton DJ. Childhood burns reconsidered: the child, the family and the burn injury . J Trauma . 1984;24:245-252.Crossref 23. Klein D, Reizen MS, Van Amburg GH, Walker SA. Some social characteristics of young gunshot fatalities . Accid Anal Prev . 1977;9:177-182.Crossref 24. Nersesian WS, Petit MR, Shaper R, Lemieux D, Naor E. Childhood death and poverty: a study of all childhood deaths in Maine, 1976 to 1980 . Pediatrics . 1985;75:41-50. 25. Centerwall BS. Race, socioeconomic status, and domestic homicide, Atlanta, 1971-72 . Am J Public Health . 1984;74:813-814.Crossref 26. Muscat JE. Characteristics of childhood homicide in Ohio, 1974-84 . Am J Public Health . 1988;78:882-824.Crossref 27. Injury mortality in the first year of life . N Y State J Med . 1991;91:118-119. 28. Jason J, Gilliland JC, Tyler CW Jr. Homicide as a cause of pediatric mortality in the United States . Pediatrics . 1983;72:191-197.

Journal

Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent MedicineAmerican Medical Association

Published: Oct 1, 1994

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