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D. Fraser, E. Kodicek (1973)
Regulation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-1-hydroxylase activity in kidney by parathyroid hormone.Nature: New biology, 241 110
N. Breslau, J. Mcguire, J. Zerwekh, E. Frenkel, C. Pak (1984)
Hypercalcemia associated with increased serum calcitriol levels in three patients with lymphoma.Annals of internal medicine, 100 1
G. Mayer, J. Habener, J. Potts (1976)
Parathyroid hormone secretion in vivo. Demonstration of a calcium-independent nonsuppressible component of secretion.The Journal of clinical investigation, 57 3
D. Andress, A. Felsenfeld, A. Voigts, F. Llach (1983)
Parathyroid hormone response to hypocalcemia in hemodialysis patients with osteomalacia.Kidney international, 24 3
J. Blum, U. Trechsel, W. Born, P. Tobler, C. Taylor, U. Binswanger, J. Fischer (1983)
Rapidity of plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D responses to hypo- and hypercalcemia in steers.Endocrinology, 113 2
Nakajima H Yasuda T (1984)
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D production after stimulation with synthetic human parathyroid hormone (1-34) in hypoparathyroid and renal tubular disorders.Endocrinol Jpn, 31
S. Braman, A. Goldman, M. Schwarz (1973)
Steroid-responsive hypercalcemia in disseminated bone tuberculosis.Archives of internal medicine, 132 2
T. Yasuda, H. Nakajima (1984)
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D production after stimulation with synthetic human parathyroid hormone (1-34) in hypoparathyroid and renal tubular disorders.Endocrinologia japonica, 31 4
T. Gray, W. Lowe, G. Lester (1981)
Vitamin D and pregnancy: the maternal-fetal metabolism of vitamin D.Endocrine reviews, 2 3
J. Eisman, R. Prince, J. Wark, J. Moseley (1979)
MODULATION OF PLASMA 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D IN MAN BY STIMULATION AND SUPPRESSION TESTSThe Lancet, 314
M. Hughes, PF Brumbaugh, MR Hussler, JE Wergedal, D. Baylink (1975)
Regulation of serum 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by calcium and phosphate in the ratScience, 190
P. Stern, Jose Olazabal, Norman Bell (1980)
Evidence for abnormal regulation of circulating 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in patients with sarcoidosis and normal calcium metabolism.The Journal of clinical investigation, 66 4
A. Voigts, A. Felsenfeld, D. Andress, F. Llach (1984)
Parathyroid hormone and bone histology: response to hypocalcemia in osteitis fibrosa.Kidney international, 25 2
J. Eisman, R. Shepard, H. DeLuca (1977)
Determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in human plasma using high-pressure liquid chromatography.Analytical biochemistry, 80 1
G. Mayer, J. Hurst (1978)
Sigmoidal relationship between parathyroid hormone secretion rate and plasma calcium concentration in calves.Endocrinology, 102 4
P. Gkonos, R. London, E. Hendler (1984)
Hypercalcemia and elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in a patient with end-stage renal disease and active tuberculosis.The New England journal of medicine, 311 26
A. Brickman, J. Coburn, S. Massry, A. Norman (1974)
1,25 Dihydroxy-vitamin D3 in normal man and patients with renal failure.Annals of internal medicine, 80 2
R. Gray, I. Boylf, H. DeLuca (1971)
Vitamin D Metabolism: The Role of Kidney TissueScience, 172
F. Shai, R. Baker, J. Addrizzo, S. Wallach (1972)
Hypercalcemia in mycobacterial infection.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 34 2
E. Slatopolsky, C. Weerts, J. Thielan, R. Horst, H. Harter, K. Martin (1984)
Marked suppression of secondary hyperparathyroidism by intravenous administration of 1,25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol in uremic patients.The Journal of clinical investigation, 74 6
J. Walker, D. Baran, N. Yakub, R. Freeman (1977)
Histoplasmosis with hypercalcemia, renal failure, and papillary necrosis. Confusion with sarcoidosis..JAMA, 237 13
M. Haussler, D. Bayklink, M. Hughes, P. Brumbaugh, J. Wergedal, F. Shen, R. Nielsen, S. Counts, K. Bursac, T. McCain (1976)
THE ASSAY OF 1α, 25‐DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3: PHYSIOLOGIC AND PATHOLOGIC MODULATION OF CIRCULATING HORMONE LEVELSClinical Endocrinology, 5
B. Lund, E. Clausen, M. Friedberg, M. Moszkowicz, S. Nielsen, O. Sørensen (1980)
Serum 1,25-DihydroxycholecalciferoI in Anephric, Haemodialyzed and Kidneytransplanted PatientsNephron, 25
Clark AG Lyle KW (1982)
Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in subjects with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and osteomalacia.Calcif Tissue Int, 34
Rosen JF Markowitz ME (1982)
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 treated hypoparathyroidism: Thirty-five patient years in ten children.J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 55
D. Fraser, E. Kodicek (1970)
Unique Biosynthesis by Kidney of a Biologically Active Vitamin D MetaboliteNature, 228
J. Maesaka, V. Batuman, N. Pablo, S. Shakamuri (1982)
Elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels: occurrence with sarcoidosis with end-stage renal disease.Archives of internal medicine, 142 6
N. Adams, R. Gray, J. Lemann (1979)
The effects of oral CaCO3 loading and dietary calcium deprivation on plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations in healthy adults.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 48 6
L. Sandler, C. Winearls, L. Fraher, T. Clemens, R. Smith, J. O'riordan (1984)
Studies of the hypercalcaemia of sarcoidosis: effect of steroids and exogenous vitamin D3 on the circulating concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3.The Quarterly journal of medicine, 53 210
N. Muirhead, G. Catto, N. Edward, S. Adami, R. Manning, J. O'riordan (1984)
Suppression of secondary hyperparathyroidism in uraemia: acute and chronic studies.British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.), 288
Bjarne Lund, O. Sørensen, Birger Lund, J. Bishop, Anthony Norman (1980)
Stimulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production by parathyroid hormone and hypocalcemia in man.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 50 3
G. Kozeny, A. Barbato, V. Bansal, L. Vertuno, J. Hano (1984)
Hypercalcemia associated with silicone-induced granulomas.The New England journal of medicine, 311 17
M. Parker, S. Dokoh, J. Woolfenden, H. Buchsbaum (1984)
Hypercalcemia in coccidioidomycosis.The American journal of medicine, 76 2
F. Llach, A. Felsenfeld, M. Haussler (1981)
The pathophysiology of altered calcium metabolism in rhabdomyolysis-induced acute renal failure. Interactions of parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.The New England journal of medicine, 305 3
M. Markowitz, J. Rosen, C. Smith, H. DeLuca (1982)
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-treated hypoparathyroidism: 35 patients years in 10 children.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 55 4
Felsenfeld AJ Llach F (1981)
The pathophysiology of altered calcium metabolism in rhabdomyolysis-induced acute renal failure.N Engl J Med, 305
J. Bilezikian, R. Canfield, T. Jacobs, J. Polay, A. D'adamo, J. Eisman, H. DeLuca (1978)
Response of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to hypocalcemia in human subjects.The New England journal of medicine, 299 9
J. Blum, J. Fischer, D. Schwoerer, W. Hunziker, U. Binswanger (1974)
Acute parathyroid hormone response: sensitivity, relationship to hypocalcemia, and rapidity.Endocrinology, 95 3
J. Halverson, H. Mohler, O. Bergeim (1917)
CALCIUM IN THE BLOOD IN TUBERCULOSISJAMA
R. Prince, J. Wark, S. Omond, J. Opie, J. Eisman (1983)
A TEST OF 1,25‐DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 SECRETORY CAPACITY IN NORMAL SUBJECTS FOR APPLICATION IN METABOLIC BONE DISEASESClinical Endocrinology, 18
McKay C Chan YL (1986)
The effect of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol on parathyroid hormone secretion by monolayer cultures of bovine parathyroid cells.Calcif Tissue Int, 38
B. Chertow, D. Baylink, J. Wergedal, M. Su, A. Norman (1975)
Decrease in serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in rats and in parathyroid hormone secretion in vitro by 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.The Journal of clinical investigation, 56 3
A. Abbasi, J. Chemplavil, S. Farah, B. Muller, A. Arnstein (1979)
Hypercalcemia in active pulmonary tuberculosis.Annals of internal medicine, 90 3
Shary J Bell NH (1985)
Hypercalcemia associated with increased circulatory 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis.Calcif Tissue Int, 37
J. Zimmerman, M. Holick, J. Silver (1983)
Normocalcemia in a hypoparathyroid patient with sarcoidosis: evidence for parathyroid-hormone-independent synthesis of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D.Annals of internal medicine, 98 3
J. Stoeckle, H. Hardy, A. Weber (1969)
Chronic beryllium disease. Long-term follow-up of sixty cases and selective review of the literature.The American journal of medicine, 46 4
J. Lee, A. Catanzaro, J. Parthemore, B. Roach, L. Deftos (1977)
Hypercalcemia in disseminated coccidioidomycosis.The New England journal of medicine, 297 8
J. Eisman, A. Hamstra, B. Kream, H. DeLuca (1976)
A sensitive, precise, and convenient method for determination of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in human plasma.Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 176 1
Stern PH Epstein S (1984)
Evidence for abnormal regulation of circulating 1?,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and normal calcium metabolism.Calcif Tissue Int, 36
Horst RL Reinhardt TA (1981)
A microassay for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.N Engl J Med, 305
G. Barbour, J. Coburn, E. Slatopolsky, A. Norman, R. Horst (1981)
Hypercalcemia in an anephric patient with sarcoidosis: evidence for extrarenal generation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.The New England journal of medicine, 305 8
U. Trechsel, J. Eisman, J. Fischer, J. Bonjour, H. Fleisch (1980)
Calcium-dependent, parathyroid hormone-independent regulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.The American journal of physiology, 239 2
Abstract • A patient on maintenance hemodialysis had widely disseminated tuberculosis, hypercalcemia, and elevated levels of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol). Hypercalcemia was not observed until the eighth month of hemodialysis, when persistent fevers began. At the end of a calcium-free dialysis, the plasma calcium concentration decreased to 6.6 mg/dL (1.65 mmol/L). The baseline calcitriol level was 56 pg/mL (normal, 19 to 50 pg/mL and increased to 147 pg/mL at the end of hemodialysis. Parathyroid hormone levels by three separate assays did not appreciably increase during the hypocalcemia Induced by the calcium-free hemodialysis. The serum phosphate concentration decreased from 7.3 to 4.5 mg/dL (2.36 to 1.45 mmol/L). Extrarenal production of calcitriol may occur in disseminated tuberculosis and may be stimulated by hypocalcemia and reduced serum phosphate. The expected parathyroid hormone response to hypocalcemia may have been inhibited by persistently elevated calcitriol levels or preexisting hypercalcemia. (Arch Intern Med 1986;146:1941-1945) References 1. Stern PH, De Olazabal J, Bell NH: Evidence of abnormal regulation of circulating 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D in patients with sarcoidosis and normal calcium metabolism. J Clin Invest 1980;66:852-855.Crossref 2. Sandler LM, Winearls CG, Fraher LJ, et al: Studies of the hypercalcemia of sarcoidosis: Effect of steroids and exogenous vitamin D3 on the circulating concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3. Q J Med 1984;53: 165-180. 3. Zimmerman J, Holick MF, Silver J: Normocalcemia in a hypoparathyroid patient with sarcoidosis: Evidence for parathyroid hormone independent synthesis of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D. Ann Intern Med 1983;98:338.Crossref 4. Lee JC, Catanzaro A, Parthemore JG, et al: Hypercalcemia in disseminated coccidioidomycosis. N Engl J Med 1977;297:431-433.Crossref 5. Parker MS, Dokoh S, Woolfenden JM, et al: Hypercalcemia in coccidioidomycosis. Am J Med 1984;76:341-344.Crossref 6. Walker JV, Baran D, Yakum YN, et al: Histoplasmosis with hypercalcemia, renal failure, and papillary necrosis: Confusion with sarcoidosis. JAMA 1977;237:1350-1352.Crossref 7. Stoeckle JD, Hardy HL, Weber AL: Chronic beryllium disease: Long-term follow-up of 60 cases and selective review of the literature. Am J Med 1969;46:545-561.Crossref 8. Halverson JO, Mohler HK, Bergeim 0: Calcium in the blood in tuberculosis. JAMA 1917;68:1309-1311.Crossref 9. Shai F, Baker RK, Addrizzo JR, et al: Hypercalcemia in mycobacterial infection. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1972;34:251-256.Crossref 10. Braman SS, Goldman AL, Schwarz MI: Steroid-responsive hypercalcemia in disseminated bone tuberculosis. Arch Intern Med 1973;132:269-271.Crossref 11. Abbasi AA, Chemplavil JK, Farah S, et al: Hypercalcemia in active pulmonary tuberculosis. Ann Intern Med 1979;90:324-328.Crossref 12. Gkonos PJ, London R, Hendler E: Hypercalcemia and elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in a patient with end-stage renal disease and active tuberculosis. N Engl J Med 1984;311:1683-1685.Crossref 13. Kozeny GA, Barbato AL, Bansal VK, et al: Hypercalcemia associated with silicone-induced granulomas. N Engl J Med 1984;311:1103-1105.Crossref 14. Epstein S, Stern PH, Bell NH, et al: Evidence for abnormal regulation of circulating 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and normal calcium metabolism. Calcif Tissue Int 1984;36: 541-544.Crossref 15. Fraser DK, Kodicek E: Unique biosynthesis by kidney of biologically active vitamin D metabolite. Nature 1970;28:764-766.Crossref 16. Gray RW, Boyle I, DeLuca HF: Vitamin D metabolism: The role of kidney tissue. Science 1971;172:1232-1234.Crossref 17. Haussler MR, Baylink DJ, Hughes MR, et al: The assay of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3: Physiologic and pathologic modulation of circulating hormone levels. Clin Endocrinol 1976;5( (suppl) ):151-165.Crossref 18. Lund B, Clausen E, Friedberg M, et al: Serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in anephric haemodialyzed, and kidney-transplanted patients. Nephron 1980;25:30-33.Crossref 19. Reinhardt TA, Horst RL, Orf JW, et al: A microassay for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. N Engl J Med 1981;305:440-443.Crossref 20. Barbour GL, Coburn JW, Slatopolsky E, et al: Hypercalcemia in an anephric patient with sarcoidosis: Evidence for extrarenal generation of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D. N Engl J Med 1981;305:440-443.Crossref 21. Maesaka JK, Batuman V, Pablo NC, et al: Elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels: Occurrence with sarcoidosis with end stage renal disease. Arch Intern Med 1982;142:1206-1207.Crossref 22. Breslau NA, McGuire JL, Zerwekh JE, et al: Hypercalcemia associated with increased serum calcitriol levels in three patients with lymphoma. Ann Intern Med 1984;100:1-7.Crossref 23. 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Br Med J 1984;288:177-179.Crossref 49. Bell NH, Shary J, Shaw S, et al: Hypercalcemia associated with increased circulatory 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1985;37:588-591.Crossref
Archives of Internal Medicine – American Medical Association
Published: Oct 1, 1986
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