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A. Blalock, C. Robinson, R. Cunningham, M. Gray (1937)
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON LYMPHATIC BLOCKAGEArchives of Surgery, 34
J. Pressman, M. Simon (1961)
Experimental evidence of direct communications between lymph nodes and veins.Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics, 113
A. Dumont, J. Mulholland (1960)
Flow rate and composition of thoracic-duct lymph in patients with cirrhosis.The New England journal of medicine, 263
H. Mayerson, R. Patterson, A. McKee, S. Lebrie, P. Mayerson (1962)
Permeability of lymphatic vessels.The American journal of physiology, 203
C. Lillehei, J. Bobb, M. Visscher (1950)
THE OCCURRENCE OF ENDOCARDITIS WITH VALVULAR DEFORMITIES IN DOGS WITH ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULASAnnals of Surgery, 132
N. Womack, R. Peters (1961)
The Significance of Splenomegaly in Cirrhosis of the LiverAnnals of Surgery, 153
N. Womack, R. Peters (1957)
An Investigation of the Relationship between Portal Venous Pressure and Inferior Vena Caval and Portal Venous Oxygen SaturationsAnnals of Surgery, 146
A. Retik, A. Perlmutter, J. Harrison (1965)
COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN LYMPHATICS AND VEINS INVOLVING THE PORTAL CIRCULATION.American journal of surgery, 109
T. Drapanas, W. Schenk, E. Pollack, J. Stewart (1960)
Hepatic hemodynamics in experimental ascites.Annals of surgery, 152
Charles Silvester
On the presence of permanent communications between the lymphatic and the venous system at the level of the renal veins in adult South American monkeysAmerican Journal of Anatomy, 12
L. Delguercio, R. Commaraswamy, N. Feins, S. Wollman, D. State (1964)
PULMONARY ARTERIOVENOUS ADMIXTURE AND THE HYPERDYNAMIC CARDIOVASCULAR STATE IN SURGERY FOR PORTAL HYPERTENSION.Surgery, 56
A. Dumont, J. Mulholland (1963)
Effect of thoracic duct to esophagus shunt in dogs with vena caval constrictionAmerican Journal of Physiology, 204
A. Dumont, J. Mulholland (1962)
Alterations in Thoracic Duct Lymph Flow in Hepatic Cirrhosis: Significance in Portal Hypertension.Annals of surgery, 156 4
Dumont and Mulholland1 2 in 1962 were the first to describe gross contamination of the thoracic-duct lymph with blood in man. They made the observation in 20 patients with Laennec's cirrhosis and postulated that this phenomenon resulted from an increased hepatic sinusoidal pressure. In this condition, red blood cells are presumed to lead from the sinusoids into the hepatic lymphatics. However, this conclusion is not substantiated by a considerable number of experimental studies in which inferior vena caval or hepatic venous constriction has been used in the production of ascites in dogs.3-5 Such animals exhibit a similar increase in thoracic-duct flow rate to that described by Dumont and Mulholland in man, but no instance of hematochyli has been described. We became interested in this area when animals with chronic abdominal arteriovenous fistulas, being studied for unrelated purposes, were found to have bloody chyle. An experimental study, therefore, was
JAMA – American Medical Association
Published: Jan 17, 1966
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