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K. West (1974)
Diabetes in American Indians and Other Native Populations of the New WorldDiabetes, 23
L. Perlman (1961)
Familial incidence of diabetes in hyperthyroidism.Annals of internal medicine, 55
Terpstra J Radder JK (1975)
The incidence of diabetes mellitus in the offspring of diabetic couples: Investigations based on the oral glucose tolerance testDiabetologia, 11
R. Blizzard, D. Chee, W. Davis (1966)
Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism: A probable autoimmune diseaseThe Journal of Pediatrics, 69
Cahill GF Renold AE (1970)
Second Brook Lodge workshop on spontaneous diabetes in laboratory animalsDiabetologia, 3
S. Fajans, J. Floyd, R. Tattersall, J. Williamson, S. Pek, C. Taylor (1976)
The various faces of diabetes in the young: changing concepts.Archives of internal medicine, 136 2
Pyke DA Nelson PG (1975)
Viruses and the aetiology of diabetes: A study of identical twinsBr Med J, 4
A. Barnett, C. Eff, R. Leslie, D. Pyke (1972)
Diabetes in identical twins.Lancet, 2 7787
Soeldner JS Renold AE (1964)
Ciba Foundation Colloquium, 15
Carpenter CB Garovoy MR
Histocompatibility Testing in The Americas. Transplantation Proceedings
Josrn Nerup, O. Andersen, G. Bendixen, J. Egeberg, J. Poulsen, M. Vilién, Mikkel Westrup (1973)
ANTI‐PANCREATIC, CELLULAR HYPERSENSITIVITY IN DIABETES MELLITUS. EXPERIMENTAL INDUCTION OF ANTI‐PANCREATIC, CELLULAR HYPERSENSITIVITY AND ASSOCIATED MORPHOLOGICAL B‐CELL CHANGES IN THE RATAllergy, 28
L. Crome, M. Erdohazi, R. Rivers (1967)
Fulminating diabetes with lymphocytic thyroiditis.Archives of Disease in Childhood, 42
Rosenbloom AL (1973)
The natural history of diabetes mellitusPublic Health Rev, 2
K. Johansen, J. Soeldner, R. Gleason, M. Gottlieb, B. Park, R. Kaufmann, M. Tan (1975)
Serum insulin and growth hormone response patterns in monozygotic twin siblings of patients with juvenile-onset diabetes.The New England journal of medicine, 293 2
Tattersall Rb, Fajans Ss (1975)
Prevalence of diabetes and glucose intolerance in 199 offspring of thirty-seven conjugal diabetic parents.Diabetes, 24
Hart BA Sultz HA (1975)
Is mumps virus an etiologic factor in the juvenile diabetes mellitus? Preliminary reportJ Pediatr, 86
S. Huang, N. Maclaren (1976)
Insulin-dependent diabetes: a disease of autoaggression.Science, 192 4234
Nelson Levy, A. Notkins (1971)
Viral infections and diseases of the endocrine system.The Journal of infectious diseases, 124 1
Kuru (1974)
Creutzfeldt-Jakob, scrapie, editorialLancet, 2
Barnes EW Irvine WJ (1972)
Adrenal insufficiencyClin Endocrinol Metabol, 1
Soeldner JS Johansen K (1975)
Serum insulin and growth hormone response patterns in monozygotic twin siblings of juvenile diabeticsN Engl J Med, 293
H. Ludwig, G. Schernthaner, W. Mayr (1976)
Letter: Is HLA-B7 a marker associated with a protective gene in juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus?The New England journal of medicine, 294 19
J. Burgess, Karin Kirkpatrick, M. Menser (1974)
FULMINANT ONSET OF DIABETES MELLITUS DURING AN ATTACK OF INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSISMedical Journal of Australia, 2
Earl Benditt (2007)
Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus : Their Possible Relationships to an Underlying Cell Defect
D. Rimoin, R. Schimke (1971)
Genetic disorders of the endocrine glands
F. Adi (1974)
Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Epidemic of Infectious Hepatitis in NigeriaBritish Medical Journal, 1
G. Schernthaner, Mayr Wr, M. Pacher, H. Ludwig, W. Erd, M. Eibl (1975)
HL-A8, W15 and T3 in Juvenile Onset Diabetes MellitusHormone and Metabolic Research, 7
S. Block, C. Christian (1975)
The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.The American journal of medicine, 59 4
Kozaburo Hayashi, Boucher Dw, Notkins Al (1974)
Virus-induced diabetes mellitus. II. Relationship between beta cell damage and hyperglycemia in mice infected with encephalomyocarditis virus.The American journal of pathology, 75 1
Ahuja MMS (1973)
Profile of young Indian diabetics: Biochemical studiesActa Diabetol Lat, 10
A. Svejgaard, M. Hauge, C. Jersild, P. Platz, L. Ryder, L. Nielsen, M. Thomsen (1979)
The HLA System: An Introductory Survey
J. Forrest, M. Menser, J. Burgess (1971)
High frequency of diabetes mellitus in young adults with congenital rubella.Lancet, 2 7720
M. Gottlieb, H. Root (1968)
Diabetes Mellitus in TwinsDiabetes, 17
Craighead Je (1975)
The role of viruses in the pathogenesis of pancreatic disease and diabetes mellitus.Progress in medical virology. Fortschritte der medizinischen Virusforschung. Progres en virologie medicale, 19
Fajans SS Tattersall RB (1975)
Prevalence of diabetes and glucose intolerance in 199 offspring of 37 conjugal diabetic parentsDiabetes, 24
Soeldner JS Ganda OP
Monozygotic triplets with discordance of diabetes mellitusDiabetes
K. Ganz, G. Kozak (1974)
Diabetes mellitus and primary hypothyroidism.Archives of internal medicine, 134 3
P. Fialkow, C. Zavala, R. Nielsen (1975)
Thyroid autoimmunity: increased frequency in relatives of insulin-dependent diabetes patients.Annals of internal medicine, 83 2
MacDonald MJ (1974)
Equal incidence of adultonset diabetes among ancestors of juvenile diabetics and non-diabeticsDiabetologia, 10
A., G. Cudworth, J. Woodrow, Jeannette Anderson (1975)
HL-A System and Diabetes MellitusDiabetes, 24
A. Cooke, M. Fitzgerald, J. Malins, D. Pyke (1966)
Diabetes in Children of Diabetic CouplesBritish Medical Journal, 2
Anderson OO Nerup J (1973)
Anti-pancreatic, cellular hypersensitivity in diabetes mellitus: Experimental induction of antipancreatic, cellular hypersensitivity and associated morphological B-cell changes in the ratActa Allergol, 28
Battiselli J Lestradet H (1972)
L'heredite dans le diabete infantileDiabete, 20
R. Tattersall, S. Fajans, A. Arbor (1975)
A Difference Between the Inheritance of Classical Juvenile-onset and Maturity-onset Type Diabetes of Young PeopleDiabetes, 24
J. Steinke, K. Taylor (1974)
Viruses and the Etiology of DiabetesDiabetes, 23
M. Thomsen, P. Platz, O. Andersen, M. Christy, J. Lyngsøe, J. Nerup, Kaare Rasmussen, L. Ryder, L. Nielsen, A. Svejgaard (1975)
MLC Typing in Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus and Idiopathic Addison's DiseaseImmunological Reviews, 22
W. Gepts (1965)
Pathologic Anatomy of the Pancreas in Juvenile Diabetes MellitusDiabetes, 14
Harris HF (1899)
A case of diabetes mellitus quickly following mumpsBoston Med Surg J, 140
C. Kahn, J. Soeldner, R. Gleason, L. Rojas, R. Camerini‐Davalos, A. Marble (1969)
Clinical and chemical diabetes in offspring of diabetic couples.The New England journal of medicine, 281 7
J. Zonana, D. Rimoin (1971)
Inheritance of diabetes mellitus.The New England journal of medicine, 295 11
Hauge M Harvald B (1965)
Hereditary Factors Elucidated by Twin Studies. Genetics and Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases
Osserman KE (1969)
Textbook of Immunopathology, 2
Mathews JD Whittingham S (1971)
Diabetes mellitus, autoimmunity and agingLancet, 1
P. Nelson, D. Pyke, A. Cudworth, J. Woodrow, J. Batchelor (1975)
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS IN DIABETIC IDENTICAL TWINSThe Lancet, 306
H. Mcdevitt, W. Bodmer (1974)
HL-A, immune-response genes, and disease.Lancet, 1 7869
J. Neel (1962)
Diabetes mellitus: a "thrifty" genotype rendered detrimental by "progress"?American journal of human genetics, 14
A. Rosenbloom (1971)
The natural history of diabetes mellitus.The Journal of the Florida Medical Association, 58 5
W. Irvine, B. Clarke, L. Scarth, D. Cullen, L. Duncan (1970)
Thyroid and gastric autoimmunity in patients with diabetes mellitus.Lancet, 2 7665
Konishi J Grumet FC (1973)
Association of Graves' disease with HL-A8Clin Res, 21
R. Lendrum, G. Walker, D. Gamble (1975)
ISLET-CELL ANTIBODIES IN JUVENILE DIABETES MELLITUS OF RECENT ONSETThe Lancet, 305
C. Carpenter (1976)
The New HLA NomenclatureThe New England Journal of Medicine, 294
G. Bottazzo, A. Florin-Christensen, D. Doniach (1974)
Islet-cell antibodies in diabetes mellitus with autoimmune polyendocrine deficiencies.Lancet, 2 7892
N. Simpson (1969)
Heritabilities of liability to diabetes when sex and age at onset are consideredAnnals of Human Genetics, 32
Jackson WPU (1970)
Diabetes mellitus in different countries and different races: Prevalence and major featuresActa Diabetol Lat, 7
H. Harris (1899)
A Case of Diabetes Mellitus Quickly Following MumpsThe New England Journal of Medicine, 140
J. Neel (1970)
The genetics of diabetes mellitus.Advances in metabolic disorders, 1
Solomon N Carpenter CCJ (1964)
Schmidt's syndrome (thyroid and adrenal insufficiency): A review of the literature and a report of 15 new cases including ten instances of coexistent diabetes mellitusMedicine, 43
N. Maclaren, Shih-wen Huang, J. Fogh (1975)
ANTIBODY TO CULTURED HUMAN INSULINOMA CELLS IN INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETESThe Lancet, 305
D. Gamble, K. Taylor, H. Cumming (1973)
Coxsackie Viruses and Diabetes MellitusBritish Medical Journal, 4
Platz P Thomsen M (1975)
MLC typing in juvenile diabetes mellitus and idiopathic Addison's diseaseTransplant Rev, 22
M. Ross, T. Onodera, K. Brown, A. Notkins (1976)
Virus-induced Diabetes Mellitus: IV. Genetic and Environmental Factors Influencing the Development of Diabetes After Infection with the M Variant of Encephalomyocarditis VirusDiabetes, 25
A. Maccuish, W. Irvine, E. Barnes, L. Duncan (1974)
Antibodies to pancreatic islet cells in insulin-dependent diabetics with coexistent autoimmune disease.Lancet, 2 7896
D. Rimoin (1976)
Inheritance in diabetes mellitus.The Medical clinics of North America, 55 4
A. Maccuish, J. Jordan, C. Campbell, L. Duncan, W. Irvine (1974)
Cell-mediated Immunity to Human Pancreas in Diabetes MellitusDiabetes, 23
Then Berg H (1939)
Zur Frage der psychischen und neurologischen Erscheinungen bal Diabetes Kranken und deren Ver WandtenZ ges Neurol Psychiat, 165
Stauffacher W Renold AE (1972)
The Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease
J. Nerup, O. Andersen, G. Bendixen, J. Egeberg, J. Poulsen (1971)
Antipancreatic Cellular Hypersensitivity in Diabetes MellitusDiabetes, 20
J. Nerup, P. Platz, O. Andersen, M. Christy, J. Lyngsøe, J. Poulsen, L. Ryder, M. Thomsen, L. Nielsen, A. Svejgaard (1974)
HL-A antigens and diabetes mellitus.Lancet, 2 7885
Soeldner JS Bally C (1976)
Frequency of diabetes in offspring of diabetic couples, abstractedDiabetes, 25
T. Maugh (1975)
Diabetes: epidemiology suggests a viral connection.Science, 188 4186
Needham LB Gerritsen GC (1970)
Studies on the prediction and development of diabetes in offspring of diabetic Chinese hamstersDiabetologia, 6
Abstract Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease entity, but a heterogenous group of disorders with a striking diversity of etiopathogenetic mechanisms as well as clinical manifestations. Lack of a known genetic marker for the disease(s) and variable influences of environmental factors on the expression of a putative diabetic genome have resulted in considerable debate over its etiology. Over the past few years, systematic epidemiologic studies, along with knowledge gained from a close association of certain human-leukocyte-antigens with the diabetic diathesis and possible role of host-immune factors, and gene-virus interaction have led to considerable advancement in the understanding of the disease-complex. Pending the availability of definite genetic marker(s), we propose a new, tentative classification based on the etiologic mechanisms. 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Archives of Internal Medicine – American Medical Association
Published: Apr 1, 1977
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