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Abstract Introduction Mitotic activity in the lens epithelium of laboratory animals is suppressed after ionizing radiation,1-4 and the extent and duration of this suppression varies with the administered dose and the animal species studied. The resulting epithelial injury has been considered to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of radiation cataract.Mitosis occupies only a short period of the cell's life cycle. Studies of a number of cell systems, both in vitro and in vivo, have established that mitosis is followed by an interval during which the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) complement of the cell remains constant (G1), a period during which new DNA is synthesized (S), and by a postsynthetic gap (G2) which precedes the next division. The exact timing of this cycle varies widely from one type of cell to another.Howard and Pelc5,6 first studied the effect of x-rays on DNA metabolism at a References 1. Poppe, E.: Experimental Investigations of the Effect of Roentgen Rays on the Epithelium of the Crystalline Lens , Acta Radiol. (Stockh.) 23:354, 1942.Crossref 2. von Sallmann, L.: Experimental Studies on Early Lens Changes After Roentgen Irradiation: III. Effect of X-Radiation on Mitotic Activity and Nuclear Fragmentation of Lens Epithelium in Normal and Cysteine-Treated Rabbits , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 47:305, 1952.Crossref 3. von Sallmann, L.; Tobias, C. A.; Anger, H. O.; Welch, C.; Kimura, S. F.; Munoz, C. M., and Drungis, A.: Effects of High-Energy Particles, X-Rays, and Aging on Lens Epithelium , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 54:489, 1955.Crossref 4. von Sallmann, L.; Caravaggio, L.; Munoz, C. M., and Drungis, A.: Species Differences in the Radiosensitivity of the Lens , Amer. J. Ophthal. 43:693, 1957. 5. Howard, A., and Pelc, S.: Synthesis of Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Normal and Irradiated Cells and Its Relation to Chromosome Breakage , Heredity (Suppl.) 6:261, 1953. 6. Pelc, S., and Howard, A.: Effect of Various Doses of X-Rays on the Number of Cells Synthesizing DNA , Radiat. Res. 3:135, 1955.Crossref 7. Howard, A.: Influence of Radiation on DNA Metabolism , in Ciba Foundation Symposium on Ionizing Radiation and Cell Metabolism , London, J. & A. Churchill, Ltd., 1956. 8. Kelly, L. S.: Effect of Radiation on DNA Synthesis in Mammalian Cells , Progr. Biophys. 8:143, 1957. 9. Lajtha, L. G.: The Effect of Radiations on Nucleic Acid Metabolism , in The Nucleic Acids , New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1960, Vol. 3. 10. Goutier, R.: Effects of X-Rays on Nucleic Acid Biosynthesis and on the Activity of Nucleases in Mammalian Cells , Progr. Biophys. 11:54, 1961. 11. Howard, A.: Whole Mounts of Rabbit Lens Epithelium for Cytological Study , Stain Tech. 27: 313, 1952. 12. von Sallmann, L.; Grimes, P., and McElvain, N.: Aspects of Mitotic Activity in Relation to Cell Proliferation in the Lens Epithelium, Exp. Eye Res. 1962, to be published. 13. Harrington, H.: Effect of Irradiation on Cell Division and Nucleic Acid Synthesis in Strain U-12 Fibroblasts , Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 41:454, 1960.Crossref 14. Lajtha, L. G.; Oliver, R.; Kumatori, T., and Ellis, F.: On the Mechanism of Radiation Effect on DNA Synthesis , Radiat. Res. 8:1, 1958.Crossref 15. Kelly, L.; Hirsch, J. D.; Beach, G., and Palmer, W.: The Time Function of P32 Incorporation into DNA of Regenerating Liver: The Effect of Irradiation , Cancer Res. 17:117, 1957. 16. Sherman, F. G., and Quastler, H.: DNA Synthesis in Irradiated Intestinal Epithelium , Exp. Cell Res. 19:343, 1960.Crossref 17. Tsuya, A.; Bond, V. P.; Fliedner, T. M., and Feinendegen, L. E.: Cellularity and Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis in Bone Marrow After Total- and Partial-Body Irradiation , Radiat. Res. 14:618, 1961.Crossref 18. Shapiro, I. M.: On the Role of Nuclear Damage in the Regeneration of Irradiated Tissues , Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 3:293, 1961.Crossref
Archives of Ophthalmology – American Medical Association
Published: Dec 1, 1962
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