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M. Pittman (1953)
A study of bacteria implicated in transfusion reactions and of bacteria isolated from blood products.The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 42 2
J. Gibson, T. Sack (1947)
The effect of varying temperatures on the post-transfusion survival of whole blood during depot storage and after transportation by land and air.The Journal of clinical investigation, 26 4
E. Baldwin, Andre Cournand, D. Richards (1948)
Pulmonary in-sufficiency I. Physiological classification, clinical methods of analysis, standard values in normal subjectsMedicine, 27
C. Dail (1951)
"Glossopharyngeal breathing" by paralyzed patients; a preliminary report.California medicine, 75 3
J. Affeldt, C. Dail, C. Collier, A. Farr (1955)
Glossopharyngeal breathing: ventilation studies.Journal of applied physiology, 8 1
Several years ago one of the postpoliomyelitic patients at the Rancho Los Amigos Hospital was observed to be breathing in a peculiar manner, using his mouth and throat in what at first appeared to be a swallowing motion. Further observation revealed that these movements aided in breathing. With them he could breathe for many hours; otherwise he could breathe unassisted for only a few minutes. Vital capacity measurements were taken with and without the assistance of these movements and were found to be 600 ml. and 150 ml. respectively. This manner of breathing was observed in other patients, some of whom had learned it unassisted, while others had learned it from fellow patients. The first 15 cases have been reported previously.1 The present report of 100 cases includes these 15 cases. Because of the structures involved, we have called this procedure "glossopharyngeal breathing." It is also being called "gulping"
JAMA – American Medical Association
Published: Jun 11, 1955
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