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J. Globus, A. Harreveld (1943)
THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTRIC CURRENT APPLICATION ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN OF DOGSJournal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 2
E. Tietz, G. Thompson, A. Harreveld, C. Wiersma (1945)
ELECTRONARCOSIS—A THERAPY IN SCHIZOPHRENIAAmerican Journal of Psychiatry, 101
A. Harreveld, M. Plesset, C. Wiersma (1942)
THE RELATION BETWEEN THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ELECTRIC CURRENTS AND THEIR ELECTRONARCOTIC ACTIONAmerican Journal of Physiology, 137
S. Leduc (1902)
Production du sommeil et de l'anesthésie générale et locale par les courants électriquesCompt. rend. Acad. d. sc., 135
J. P. Frostig , A. van Harreveld, S. Reznick, D. B. Tyler (1944)
Electronarcosis in Animals and ManArch. Neurol. & Psychiat., 51
Alpers Bj (1946)
The brain changes associated with electrical shock treatment; a critical review.The Journal-lancet, 66
E. Tietz, G. Thompson, A. Harreveld, C. WlERSMA (1946)
ELECTRONARCOSIS, ITS APPLICATION AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECT IN SCHIZOPHRENIAThe Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 103
A. Harreveld, D. Tyler, C. Wiersma (1943)
BRAIN METABOLISM DURING ELECTRONARCOSISAmerican Journal of Physiology, 139
Abstract THE USE of a prolonged electric current applied to the brain to produce a narcosis-like state, as a form of psychiatric treatment, was introduced by Frostig and associates1 in 1944. That a unidirectional pulse current could produce such a narcotized condition was first shown by Leduc in 1902, with rabbits and dogs and in experiments on himself.2 His observation was confirmed by others, and this form of narcosis was tried as a means of anesthesia, with some success.3 In 1942, van Harreveld and associates4 experimented with various types of current capable of inducing electronarcosis and concluded that the state could be produced with a variety of frequencies of both pulsating and alternating currents. They stated that the narcosis is due to the stimulating properties of the current applied and added confirmatory evidence in a later paper.5 Frostig made this a point of fundamental differentiation between References 1. Frostig, J. P.; van Harreveld, A.; Reznick, S.; Tyler, D. B., and Wiersma, C. A. G.: Electronarcosis in Animals and Man , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 51: 232-242 ( (March) ) 1944. 2. Leduc, S.: Production du sommeil et de l'anesthésie générale et locale par les courants électriques , Compt. rend. Acad. d. sc. 135:199-200 and 878-879, 1902. 3. LeClerc, G.: L'anesthésie électrique chez l'homme Cong. franç de chir. 23:665, 1910. 4. van Harreveld, A.; Plesset, M. S., and Wiersma, C. A. G.: The Relation Between the Physical Properties of Electric Currents and Their Electronarcotic Action , Am. J. Physiol. 137:39-46, 1942. 5. van Harreveld, A.; Tyler, D. B., and Wiersma, C. A. G.: Brain Metabolism During Electronarcosis , Am. J. Physiol. 139:171-177, 1943. 6. Tietz, E. S.; Thompson, G. N.; van Harreveld, A., and Wiersma, C. A. G.: Electronarcosis: Its Application and Therapeutic Effect in Schizophrenia , J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. 103:144-163, 1946. 7. Tietz, E. B.; Thompson, G. N.; van Harreveld, A., and Wiersma, C. A. G.: Electronarcosis: A Therapy in Schizophrenia , Am. J. Psychiat. 101:821-823, 1945. 8. Thompson, G. N.; McGuinis, J. E.; van Harreveld, A.; Wiersma, C. A. G., and Tietz, E. B.: Electronarcosis , War Med. 6:158-161 ( (Sept.) ) 1944. 9. Globus, J. H.; van Harreveld, A., and Wiersma, C. A. G.: The Influence of Electric Current Application on the Structure of the Brain of Dogs , J. Neuropath. & Exper. Neurol. 2:263-276, 1943. 10. Impastato, D. J.; Bak, R.; Frosch, J., and Wortis, S. B.. Modification of the Electrofit , Am. J. Psychiat. 100:358-360, 1943. 11. Alpers, B. J.: The Brain Changes Associated with Electric Shock Treatment: A Critical Review , Journal-Lancet 66:363-369, 1946. 12. Alpers, B. J., and Hughes, J.: Brain Changes in Electrically Induced Convulsions in Humans , J. Neuropath. & Exper. Neurol. 1:173-180 ( (April) ) 1942.
Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – American Medical Association
Published: Oct 1, 1948
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