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Abstract • We examined the sex ratios of unipolar and bipolar affective disorder in 14 studies of bipolar illness. The data are highly consistent in demonstrating that (1) females are more frequently affected than males; (2) among affected females, the ratio of unipolar depression to bipolar illness is about 2:1; whereas (3) among affected males, the ratio of bipolar to unipolar illness is approximately 1:1. This curious discrepancy between the sexes may hold a clue to understanding familial transmission as well as heterogeneity in bipolar illness. References 1. Winokur G, Clayton P, Reich T: Manic Depressive Illness . St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1969. 2. Winokur G, Tsuang M, Crowe R: The Iowa 500: Affective disorder in relatives of manic and depressed patients . Am J Psychiatry 1982; 139:209-212. 3. Mendlewicz J, Rainer J: Morbidity risk and genetic transmission in manic-depressive illness . Am J Hum Genet 1974;26:692-701. 4. Kadrmas A, Winokur G, Crowe R: Postpartum mania . Br J Psychiatry 1979;135:551-554.Crossref 5. Stenstedt A: A study in manic depressive psychosis . Acta Psychiatr Scand 1952;79( (suppl) ):1-111. 6. Angst J, Frey R, Lohmeyer B, et al: Bipolar manic-depressive psychosis: Results of a genetic investigation . Hum Genet 1980;55:237-254.Crossref 7. Mendlewicz J, Rainer J: Adoption study supporting genetic transmission in manic-depressive illness . Nature 1977;268:327-329.Crossref 8. Gershon E, Hamovit J, Guroff J, et al: A family study of schizoaffective, bipolar I, bipolar II, unipolar, and normal control probands. Read before the International Congress of Human Genetics, Jerusalem, September 1981. 9. Taylor M, Abrams R: Gender difference in bipolar affective disorder . J Affective Disord 1981;3:261-277.Crossref 10. James N, Chapman C: A genetic study of bipolar affective disorder . Br J Psychiatry 1975;126:449-456.Crossref 11. Goetzl U, Green R, Wybrow P, et al: X-linkage revisited: A further family study of manic-depressive illness . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1974; 31:665-672.Crossref 12. Gershon E, Mark A, Cohen N, et al: Transmitted factors in the morbid risk of affective disorders: A controlled study . J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:283-299.Crossref 13. Johnson G, Leeman M: Analysis of familial factors in bipolar affective illness . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1977;34:1074-1083.Crossref 14. Boyd J, Weissman M: Epidemiology of affective disorders: A reexamination and future directions . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981;38:1039-1046.Crossref 15. Baron M, Rainer JD, Risch N: X-linkage in bipolar affective illness . J Affective Disord 1981;3:141-157.Crossref 16. Weitkamp LR, Stancer HC, Persad E, et al: Depressive disorders and HLA: A gene on chromosome 6 that can affect behavior . N Engl J Med 1981;305:1301-1306.Crossref
Archives of General Psychiatry – American Medical Association
Published: Jan 1, 1983
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