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T. Martin, J. Whitehead (1949)
Carriage of Penicillin-resistant Staph. Pyogenes in Healthy AdultsBritish Medical Journal, 1
H. S. Yang (1941)
Nasal Flora of the Children in a Day NurseryAm. J. Dis. Child., 61
R. Hare, C. Thomas (1956)
The Transmission of Staphylococcus AureusBritish Medical Journal, 2
M. R. H. Stoppelman (1954)
Effect of Antibiotics on Nasopharyngeal Flora of Premature InfantsA. M. A. Am. J. Dis. Child., 88
J. Goldman, S. Bloom, C. Herschberger (1954)
Bacteriologic and clinical interpretation of the flora of the nose and nasopharynx in children.The Journal of pediatrics, 44 3
P. Rountree, E. Thomson (1952)
Incidence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococci in a hospital.Lancet, 2 6728
R. Pike, G. Fashena (1946)
Frequency of hemolytic streptococci in the throats of well children in Dallas.American journal of public health and the nation's health, 36
M. Lepper, G. Jackson, H. Dowling (1955)
Characteristics of the micrococcal nasal carrier state among hospital personnel.The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 45 6
A. C. Cunliffe (1949)
Incidence of Staphylococcus Aureus in the Anterior Nares of Healthy ChildrenLancet, 2
A. Miles, Robert Williams, Barbara Clayton-Cooper (1944)
The carriage of Staphylococcus (ptogenes) aureus in man and its relation to wound infectionThe Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology, 56
L. Rantz, M. Maroney, J. Caprio (1953)
Hemolytic streptococcal infection in childhood.Pediatrics, 12 5
Willard Cy, Hansen Ae (1957)
Influence of previous medication of antimicrobial agents on the nasopharyngeal flora of children.Antibiotics, 5
M. Barber, F. Hayhoe, J. Whitehead (1949)
Penicillin-resistant staphylococcal infection in a maternity hospital.Lancet, 2 6590
J. A. Bass , W. R. Stinebring, C. Y. Willard (1958)
Epidemiologic Study of a Hospital Outbreak of Micrococcic InfectionsJ. A. M. A., 166
H. Feldman, W. Harmon (1952)
Comparative effectiveness of direct blood agar and modified Pike's broth for demonstrating beta-hemolytic streptococci of different serological groups.The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 40 2
J. Bass, W. Stinebring, C. Willard, H. Felton (1958)
Epidemiologic study of a hospital outbreak of micrococcic infections.Journal of the American Medical Association, 166 7
H. E. Alexander (1943)
Experimental Basis for Treatment of Haemophilus Influenzae InfectionsAm. J. Dis. Child., 66
W. L. Bradford (1954)
Textbook of Pediatrics
H. Alexander (1943)
EXPERIMENTAL BASIS FOR TREATMENT OF HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE INFECTIONSJAMA Pediatrics, 66
A. Teberg, F. Adams (1956)
Streptococcal disease in Southern California.The Journal of pediatrics, 48 4
B. Breese, F. Disney (1954)
The accuracy of diagnosis of beta streptococcal infections on clinical grounds.The Journal of pediatrics, 44 6
E. Rabe (1948)
Infectious croup; etiology.Pediatrics, 2 3
A. Cunliffe (1949)
INCIDENCE OF STAPH. AUREUS IN THE ANTERIOR NARES OF HEALTHY CHILDRENThe Lancet, 254
H. Yang (1941)
NASAL FLORA OF THE CHILDREN IN A DAY NURSERYJAMA Pediatrics, 61
M. Wilson (1940)
Rheumatic Fever
J. C. Torrey (1945)
Initial Aerobic Flora of Newborn InfantsAm. J. Dis. Child., 69
M. Stoppelman (1954)
Effect of antibiotics on nasopharyngeal flora of premature infants.A.M.A. American journal of diseases of children, 88 3
(1954)
National Office of Vital Statistics: Weekly Mortality Index
Abstract The high incidence of respiratory tract disease in children, coupled with the rather indiscriminate use of antimicrobial agents, stands in marked contrast to the paucity of exact data concerning the bacterial flora of the nasopharynx. The frequency of the development of resistant organisms which may lead to serious complications indicates that such data should be obtained. The purpose of the present communication is to report the results of the nasopharyngeal cultures from 1,116 infants and children. Material and Methods Thirteen hundred eighty-five cultures on 1,116 children between the ages of 3 weeks and 14 years were obtained in the outpatient clinic of the Children's Hospital of the University of Texas Medical Branch during the period from October, 1952, through July, 1954. The vast majority of cultures were from subjects having mild or severe respiratory tract symptoms, while 104 were from infants and children having no evidence of respiratory disease.Cultures References 1. Yang, H. S.: Nasal Flora of the Children in a Day Nursery , Am. J. Dis. Child. 61:262-272 ( (Feb.) ) 1941. 2. Rabe, E. F.: Infectious Croup: I. Etiology , Pediatrics 2:255-265 ( (Sept.) ) 1948. 3. Goldman, J. L.; Bloom, S. M., and Herschberger, C.: Bacteriologic and Clinical Interpretation of the Flora of the Nose and Nasopharynx in Children , J. Pediat. 44:299-303 ( (March) ) 1954.Crossref 4. Pike, R. M., and Fashena, G. J.: Frequency of Hemolytic Streptococci in the Throats of Well Children in Dallas , Am. J. Pub. Health 36:611-622 ( (June) ) 1946.Crossref 5. Rantz, L. A.; Maroney, M., and DiCaprio, J. M.: Hemolytic Streptococcal Infection in Childhood , J. Pediat. 12:498-515 ( (Nov.) ) 1953. 6. Feldman, H. A., and Harmon, W.: Comparative Effectiveness of Direct Blood Agar and Modified Pike's Broth for Demonstrating Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci of Different Serological Groups , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 40:297-302 ( (Aug.) ) 1952. 7. Teberg, A., and Adams, F. H.: Streptococcal Disease in Southern California , J. Pediat. 48:451-456 ( (April) ) 1956. 8. Breese, B. B., and Disney, F. A.: The Accuracy of Diagnosis of Beta Streptococcal Infections on Clinical Grounds , J. Pediat. 44:670-673 ( (June) ) 1954. 9. Lepper, M. H.; Jackson, G. G., and Dowling, H. F.: Characteristics of the Micrococcal Nasal Carrier State Among Hospital Personnel , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 45:935-942 ( (June) ) 1955. 10. Martin, T. D. M., and Whitehead, J. E. M.: Carriage of Penicillin-Resistant Staph. Pyogenes in Healthy Adults , Brit. M. J. 1:173-175 ( (Jan. 29) ) 1949. 11. Hare, R., and Thomas, C. G. A.: The Transmission of Staphylococcus Aureus , Brit. M. J. 2: 840-844 ( (Oct. 13) ) 1956. 12. Alexander, H. E.: Experimental Basis for Treatment of Haemophilus Influenzae Infections , Am. J. Dis. Child. 66:160-171 ( (Aug.) ) 1943. 13. National Office of Vital Statistics: Weekly Mortality Index , U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, 1954. 14. Wilson, M.: Rheumatic Fever , New York, The Commonwealth Fund, 1940. 15. Bradford, W. L.: Meningitis , in Nelson, W. E.: Textbook of Pediatrics , Ed. 6, Philadelphia, The W. B. Saunders Company, 1954. 16. Torrey, J. C., and Reese, M. K.; Initial Aerobic Flora of Newborn Infants , Am. J. Dis. Child. 69:208-214 ( (April) ) 1945. 17. Cunliffe, A. C.: Incidence of Staphylococcus Aureus in the Anterior Nares of Healthy Children , Lancet 2:411-414 ( (Sept. 3) ) 1949. 18. Stoppelman, M. R. H.: Effect of Antibiotics on Nasopharyngeal Flora of Premature Infants , A. M. A. Am. J. Dis. Child. 88:339-343 ( (Sept.) ) 1954. 19. Rountree, P. M., and Thompson, E. F.: Incidence of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococci in a Hospital , Lancet 2:262-265 ( (Aug. 9) ) 1952. 20. Barber, M.; Hayhoe, F. G. J., and Whitehead, J. E. M.: Penicillin-Resistant Staphylococcal Infection in a Maternity Hospital , Lancet 2:1120-1125 ( (Dec. 17) ) 1949. 21. Miles, A. A.; Williams, R. E. O., and Clayton-Cooper, B.: The Carriage of Staphylococcus (Pyogenes) Aureus in Man and Its Relation to Wound Infection , J. Path. & Bact. 56: 513-524 ( (Oct.) ) 1944. 22. Bass, J. A.; Stinebring, W. R.; Willard, C. Y., and Felton, H. M.: Epidemiologic Study of a Hospital Outbreak of Micrococcic Infections , J. A. M. A. 166:731-734 ( (Feb. 15) ) 1958. 23. Willard, C. Y., and Hansen, A. E.: Influence of Previous Medication of Antimicrobial Agents on the Nasopharyngeal Flora of Children , Antibiotics Ann ., pp. 365-369, 1957-1958.
A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of Children – American Medical Association
Published: Mar 1, 1959
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