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A Review of Pediatric Doppler Echocardiography

A Review of Pediatric Doppler Echocardiography Abstract The Doppler principle was described by Christian Doppler in the 19th century.1 This principle indicates that motion, under certain circumstances, causes an apparent shift in the frequency of a wave front. To detect this frequency shift, a source of a wave front and a frequency receptor located away from the source are required. Many examples of the Doppler principle occur commonly; one familiar one will be described. If an automobile is in motion and the driver sounds the horn, a stationary observer will detect a change in the frequency of the horn, even though the transmitted frequency of the horn is constant. Two general properties of the apparent frequency change are important. First, if the automobile is traveling toward the stationary observer, the frequency of the horn will appear to increase. If the automobile is traveling away from the observer, the frequency will appear to decrease. Second, the change References 1. Doppler C: Über das farbige Licht der Doppelsterne und einiger und erer Gesterne des Himmels . Abhandlung Konglich Bohmisch Gessellschaft Wissenchaft 1842;2:465-482. 2. Satomura S: A study on examining the heart with ultrasonics: I. Principles: II. Instrument . Jpn Circ J 1956;20:227. 3. Franklin DL, Schlegal W, Rushner RF: Blood flow measured by Doppler frequency shift by backscattered ultrasound . Science 1961;134: 564-565.Crossref 4. Edler I, Lindstrom K: Ultrasonic Doppler technique used in heart disease: II. Clinical application , in Bock J, Ossoinig K (eds): Ultrasonographia Medica, Proceedings of the First World Congress on Ultrasonic Diagnostics in Medicine and SIDU III . Vienna, Verlag der Wiener Medizinischen Akademie, 1969, p 455. 5. Kalmanson D, Veyrat C, Derai C, et al: Noninvasive technique for diagnosing atrial septal defect and assessing shunt volume using directional Doppler ultrasound: Correlations with phasic flow velocity patterns of the shunt . Br Heart J 1972;34:981-991.Crossref 6. Johnson SL, Baker DW, Lute RA, et al: Doppler echocardiography: The localization of cardiac murmurs . Circulation 1973;48:810-822.Crossref 7. Kosturakis D, Goldberg SJ, Allen HD, et al: Doppler echocardiographic prediction of pulmonary hypertension . J Am Coll Cardiol 1983;53: 1110-1115.Crossref 8. Gentile R, Stevenson G, Dooley T, et al: Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic determination of time of ductal closure in normal infants . J Pediatr 1981;98:443-448.Crossref 9. Abbasi AS, Allen MW, DeCristofaro D, et al: Detection and estimation of the degree of mitral regurgitation by range-gated pulsed Doppler echocardiography . Circulation 1980;61:143-147.Crossref 10. Goldberg SJ, Areias JC, Spitaels SEC, et al: Use of time interval histographic output from echo Doppler to detect left-to-right atrial shunts . Circulation 1978;58:147-152.Crossref 11. Goldberg SJ, Areias JC, Spitaels SEC, et al: Echo Doppler detection of pulmonary stenosis by time interval histogram analysis . JCU 1979;7: 183-189. 12. Goldberg SJ, Kececioglu-Draelos Z, Sahn DJ, et al: Range gated echo Doppler velocity and turbulence mapping in patients with valvular aortic stenosis . Am Heart J 1982;103:858-863.Crossref 13. Areias JC, Goldberg SJ, Spitaels SEC, et al: An evaluation of range gated pulsed Doppler echocardiography for detecting pulmonary outflow tract obstruction in d-transposition of the great vessels . Am Heart J 1978;96:467-474.Crossref 14. Stevenson JG, Kawabori I, Dooley T, et al: Diagnosis of ventricular septal defect by pulsed Doppler echocardiography: Sensitivity, specificity and limitations . Circulation 1978;58: 322-326.Crossref 15. Holen J, Aaslid R, Landmark K, et al: Determination of pressure gradient in mitral stenosis with a noninvasive ultrasound Doppler technique . Acta Med Scand 1976;199:455-460.Crossref 16. Hatle L, Brubakk A, Tromsdal A, et al: Noninvasive assessment of pressure drop in mitral stenosis by Doppler ultrasound . Br Heart J 1978;40:131-140.Crossref 17. Hatle L, Angelsen BA, Tromsdal A: Non-invasive assessment of aortic stenosis by Doppler ultrasound . Br Heart J 1980;43:284-292.Crossref 18. Light LH: Non-injurious ultrasonic technique for observing flow in the human aorta . Nature 1969;224:1119-1121.Crossref 19. Colocousis JS, Huntsman LL, Curreri PW: Estimation of stroke volume changes by ultrasonic Doppler . Circulation 1977;56:914-924.Crossref 20. Magnin PA, Stewart JA, Myers S, et al: Combined Doppler and phased array echocardiographic estimation of cardiac output . Circulation 1981;63:388-392.Crossref 21. Light LH, Sequeira RF, Cross G, et al: Flow-oriented circulatory patients assessment and management using transcutaneous aortovelography, a noninvasive Doppler technique . J Nucl Med Allied Sci 1979;23:137-144. 22. Goldberg SJ, Sahn DJ, Allen HD, et al: Evaluation of pulmonary and systemic blood flow by two-dimensional echo Doppler using fast Fourier transform spectral analysis . Am J Cardiol 1982;50:1394-1400.Crossref 23. Fisher DC, Sahn DJ, Friedman MJ, et al: The mitral valve orifice method for noninvasive two-dimensional echo Doppler determination of cardiac output . Circulation 1983;67:872-877.Crossref 24. Loeber CP, Goldberg SJ, Allen HD: Doppler echocardiographic comparison of flows distal to the four cardiac valves . J Am Coll Cardiol 1984;4:268-272.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png American Journal of Diseases of Children American Medical Association

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References (26)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1984 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0002-922X
DOI
10.1001/archpedi.1984.02140490003001
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract The Doppler principle was described by Christian Doppler in the 19th century.1 This principle indicates that motion, under certain circumstances, causes an apparent shift in the frequency of a wave front. To detect this frequency shift, a source of a wave front and a frequency receptor located away from the source are required. Many examples of the Doppler principle occur commonly; one familiar one will be described. If an automobile is in motion and the driver sounds the horn, a stationary observer will detect a change in the frequency of the horn, even though the transmitted frequency of the horn is constant. Two general properties of the apparent frequency change are important. First, if the automobile is traveling toward the stationary observer, the frequency of the horn will appear to increase. If the automobile is traveling away from the observer, the frequency will appear to decrease. Second, the change References 1. Doppler C: Über das farbige Licht der Doppelsterne und einiger und erer Gesterne des Himmels . Abhandlung Konglich Bohmisch Gessellschaft Wissenchaft 1842;2:465-482. 2. Satomura S: A study on examining the heart with ultrasonics: I. Principles: II. Instrument . Jpn Circ J 1956;20:227. 3. Franklin DL, Schlegal W, Rushner RF: Blood flow measured by Doppler frequency shift by backscattered ultrasound . Science 1961;134: 564-565.Crossref 4. Edler I, Lindstrom K: Ultrasonic Doppler technique used in heart disease: II. Clinical application , in Bock J, Ossoinig K (eds): Ultrasonographia Medica, Proceedings of the First World Congress on Ultrasonic Diagnostics in Medicine and SIDU III . Vienna, Verlag der Wiener Medizinischen Akademie, 1969, p 455. 5. Kalmanson D, Veyrat C, Derai C, et al: Noninvasive technique for diagnosing atrial septal defect and assessing shunt volume using directional Doppler ultrasound: Correlations with phasic flow velocity patterns of the shunt . Br Heart J 1972;34:981-991.Crossref 6. Johnson SL, Baker DW, Lute RA, et al: Doppler echocardiography: The localization of cardiac murmurs . Circulation 1973;48:810-822.Crossref 7. Kosturakis D, Goldberg SJ, Allen HD, et al: Doppler echocardiographic prediction of pulmonary hypertension . J Am Coll Cardiol 1983;53: 1110-1115.Crossref 8. Gentile R, Stevenson G, Dooley T, et al: Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic determination of time of ductal closure in normal infants . J Pediatr 1981;98:443-448.Crossref 9. Abbasi AS, Allen MW, DeCristofaro D, et al: Detection and estimation of the degree of mitral regurgitation by range-gated pulsed Doppler echocardiography . Circulation 1980;61:143-147.Crossref 10. Goldberg SJ, Areias JC, Spitaels SEC, et al: Use of time interval histographic output from echo Doppler to detect left-to-right atrial shunts . Circulation 1978;58:147-152.Crossref 11. Goldberg SJ, Areias JC, Spitaels SEC, et al: Echo Doppler detection of pulmonary stenosis by time interval histogram analysis . JCU 1979;7: 183-189. 12. Goldberg SJ, Kececioglu-Draelos Z, Sahn DJ, et al: Range gated echo Doppler velocity and turbulence mapping in patients with valvular aortic stenosis . Am Heart J 1982;103:858-863.Crossref 13. Areias JC, Goldberg SJ, Spitaels SEC, et al: An evaluation of range gated pulsed Doppler echocardiography for detecting pulmonary outflow tract obstruction in d-transposition of the great vessels . Am Heart J 1978;96:467-474.Crossref 14. Stevenson JG, Kawabori I, Dooley T, et al: Diagnosis of ventricular septal defect by pulsed Doppler echocardiography: Sensitivity, specificity and limitations . Circulation 1978;58: 322-326.Crossref 15. Holen J, Aaslid R, Landmark K, et al: Determination of pressure gradient in mitral stenosis with a noninvasive ultrasound Doppler technique . Acta Med Scand 1976;199:455-460.Crossref 16. Hatle L, Brubakk A, Tromsdal A, et al: Noninvasive assessment of pressure drop in mitral stenosis by Doppler ultrasound . Br Heart J 1978;40:131-140.Crossref 17. Hatle L, Angelsen BA, Tromsdal A: Non-invasive assessment of aortic stenosis by Doppler ultrasound . Br Heart J 1980;43:284-292.Crossref 18. Light LH: Non-injurious ultrasonic technique for observing flow in the human aorta . Nature 1969;224:1119-1121.Crossref 19. Colocousis JS, Huntsman LL, Curreri PW: Estimation of stroke volume changes by ultrasonic Doppler . Circulation 1977;56:914-924.Crossref 20. Magnin PA, Stewart JA, Myers S, et al: Combined Doppler and phased array echocardiographic estimation of cardiac output . Circulation 1981;63:388-392.Crossref 21. Light LH, Sequeira RF, Cross G, et al: Flow-oriented circulatory patients assessment and management using transcutaneous aortovelography, a noninvasive Doppler technique . J Nucl Med Allied Sci 1979;23:137-144. 22. Goldberg SJ, Sahn DJ, Allen HD, et al: Evaluation of pulmonary and systemic blood flow by two-dimensional echo Doppler using fast Fourier transform spectral analysis . Am J Cardiol 1982;50:1394-1400.Crossref 23. Fisher DC, Sahn DJ, Friedman MJ, et al: The mitral valve orifice method for noninvasive two-dimensional echo Doppler determination of cardiac output . Circulation 1983;67:872-877.Crossref 24. Loeber CP, Goldberg SJ, Allen HD: Doppler echocardiographic comparison of flows distal to the four cardiac valves . J Am Coll Cardiol 1984;4:268-272.Crossref

Journal

American Journal of Diseases of ChildrenAmerican Medical Association

Published: Nov 1, 1984

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