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R. Harger, H. Hulpieu, E. Lamb (1937)
THE SPEED WITH WHICH VARIOUS PARTS OF THE BODY REACH EQUILIBRIUM IN THE STORAGE OF ETHYL ALCOHOLJournal of Biological Chemistry, 120
A. Cushny (1910)
On the exhalation of drugs by the lungsThe Journal of Physiology, 40
E. Bogen (1927)
DRUNKENNESS: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF ACUTE ALCOHOLIC INTOXICATIONThe American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 176
G. Jungmichel (1933)
Alkoholbestimmung im Blut ; Methodik und forensische Bedeutung
M. Ravenel (1934)
Studies on the Possible Intoxicating Action of 3.2 Per Cent BeerAmerican Journal of Public Health, 24
A. Turner (1927)
THE CIRCULATORY MINUTE VOLUMES OF HEALTHY YOUNG WOMEN IN RECLINING, SITTING AND STANDING POSITIONSAmerican Journal of Physiology, 80
H. Higgins (1914)
THE INFLUENCE OF FOOD, POSTURE, AND OTHER FACTORS ON THE ALVEOLAR CARBON DIOXIDE TENSION IN MANAmerican Journal of Physiology, 34
E. Widmark (1932)
Die theoretischen Grundlagen und die praktische Verwendbarkeit der gerichtlich-medizinischen Alkoholbestimmung
R. Main (1937)
Variations in alveolar carbon, dioxide in man daring hunger.American Journal of Physiology, 119
G. Liljestrand, P. Linde (1930)
Über die Ausscheidung des Alkohols mit der Exspirationsluft1, 60
M. Fitzgerald, J. Haldane (1905)
The normal alveolar carbonic acid pressure in manThe Journal of Physiology, 32
K. Hoffmann (1937)
Alkoholnachweis bei Verkehrsunfallen
E. Bogen (1936)
Tolerance to Alcohol: Its Mechanism and Significance.California and western medicine, 44 4
H. Heise (1934)
Alcohol and Automobile AccidentsJAMA, 103
H. Haggard, L. Greenberg (1934)
STUDIES IN THE ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND ELIMINATION OF ETHYL ALCOHOL II. THE EXCRETION OF ALCOHOL IN URINE AND EXPIRED AIR; AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF ALCOHOL BETWEEN AIR AND WATER, BLOOD, AND URINEJournal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 52
R. Harger (1935)
A simple micromethod for the determination of alcohol in biological material.Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 20
Chemical tests for intoxication have been used very little in the United States in spite of the fact that certain of them were available more than twenty years ago and even though procedures employing blood and urine have been official for some time in certain European countries, notably Sweden, Switzerland and Germany. The adoption of such tests in this country appears to have been hindered by both legal and practical difficulties. First there is the question of whether our states can legally compel a person to give a specimen of blood or urine.1 On the practical side there is frequently a long delay before a specimen of blood or urine can be obtained, and during this interval the subject's condition may materially change. With blood one must wait for the arrival of a physician or a properly trained technician. As to urine, we agree with Southgate and Carter2
JAMA – American Medical Association
Published: Mar 12, 1938
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