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5-Hydroxytryptophan and Pyridoxine: Their Effects in Young Children With Down's Syndrome

5-Hydroxytryptophan and Pyridoxine: Their Effects in Young Children With Down's Syndrome Abstract • In a double-blind study, 89 children with Down's syndrome were given 5-hydroxytryptophan or pyridoxine hydrochloride in the first three years of life. The analysis of 5-hydroxyindole blood levels revealed that 5-hydroxytryptophan, pyridoxine, and the combination of 5-hydroxytryptophan and pyridoxine raised blood levels of 5-hydroxyindole equally well in 40% of the children. The assessment of muscle-tone ratings showed no significant difference among the study groups once children with moderate and severe congenital heart disease were excluded. Detailed studies of cognitive-adaptive function of children in the various groups found a significant difference on the Vineland Social Maturity Scale at ages 6, 12, 18, and 36 months; yet the source of significance was a negative interaction affecting children whose parents were able to comply with furnished guidance; these children showed consistently higher levels of accomplishment. (Am J Dis Child 134:838-844, 1980) References 1. Benda CF: The Child With Mongolism . New York, Grune & Stratton Inc, 1960. 2. Koch R, Share J, Graliker B: The effects of Cytomel on young children with Down's syndrome (mongolism): A double-blind longitudinal study . J Pediatr 66:776-778, 1965.Crossref 3. Zimmerman FT, Burgermeister BB, Putnam TJ: Effect of glutamic acid on the intelligence of patients with mongolism . Arch Neurol Psychiatry 61:275-287, 1949.Crossref 4. Marsh RW, Cabaret JJ: Down's syndrome treated with a low phenylalanine diet: Case report . NZ Med J 75:364-365, 1971. 5. Blumberg E: Two years of pituitary treatment in mongoloids: A clinical study . J Maine Med Assoc 50:120-125, 1959. 6. Aspillaga MJ, Morizon G, Avendano I: Dimethylsulfoxide therapy in severe retardation in mongoloid children . Ann NY Acad Sci 243:421-431, 1975.Crossref 7. Schmid F, Haus E, Moradof S, et al: Beeinflussung der mongoloiden Dyszephalie durch Injektionsimplantationen fetaler, heterologer Gehirngewebe . Fortschr Med 90:1181-1186, 1972. 8. Oestreicher P: Die Behandlung des Mongolismus . Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 121:316-317, 1973. 9. Black DB, Kato JG, Walker GW: A study of improvement in mentally retarded children accruing from sicca cell therapy . Am J Ment Defic 70:499-508, 1966. 10. Turkel H: Medical amelioration of Down's syndrome incorporating the orthomolecular approach . J Orthomol Psychol 4:102-115, 1975. 11. Share JB: A review of drug treatment for Down syndrome persons . Am J Ment Defic 80:388-393, 1976. 12. De la Cruz F: Medical management of mongolism or Down syndrome , in Mittler P (ed): Research to Practice in Mental Retardation: Education and Training . Baltimore, University Park Press, 1977, vol 3. 13. Pueschel SM: Therapeutic approaches in Down syndrome , in Proceedings of Conference on Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) . Baltimore, University Park Press, to be published. 14. Rosner F, Ong BH, Paine RS, et al: Bloodserotonin activity in trisomic and translocation Down's syndrome . Lancet 1:1191-1193, 1965.Crossref 15. Tu J, Zellweger H: Blood serotonin deficiency in Down's syndrome . Lancet 2:715-716, 1965.Crossref 16. Berman JL, Justice P, Hsia DY: The metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in the newborn . J Pediatr 67:603-608, 1965.Crossref 17. Saxl O: Down's syndrome: New aspects . Acta Paediatr Acad Sci Hung 9:329-336, 1968. 18. Bazelon M: Serotonin metabolism in Down syndrome . Clin Proc Child Hosp DC 23:58-63, 1967. 19. Carpenter WT: Serotonin now: Clinical implications of inhibiting its synthesis with p-chlorophenylalanine . Ann Intern Med 73:607-629, 1970.Crossref 20. Bazelon M, Paine RS, Cowie VA, et al: Reversal of hypotonia in infants with Down's syndrome by administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan . Lancet 1:1130-1133, 1967.Crossref 21. Coleman M, Steinberg L: A double-blind trial of 5-hydroxytryptophan in trisomy 21 patients , in Coleman M (ed): Serotonin in Down's Syndrome . New York, American Elsevier Publishing Co Inc, 1973. 22. Partington MW, MacDonald MRA, Tu JB: 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in Down's syndrome . Develop Med Child Neurol 13:362-372, 1971.Crossref 23. Weise P, Koch R, Shaw KNF, et al: The use of 5-HTP in the treatment of Down's syndrome . Pediatrics 54:165-168, 1974. 24. Udenfriend S, Weissbach H, Brodie BB, in Glick D (ed): Methods of Biochemical Analysis . New York, Wiley-Interscience, 1958, vol 6. 25. Sjoerdsma A, Weissbach H, Terry LL, et al: Further observations on patients with malignant carcinosis . Am J Med 23:5-15, 1957.Crossref 26. Bayley N: Manual for the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. New York, Psychological Cooperation , 1969. 27. Doll EA: Vineland Social Maturity Scale . Circle Pines, Minn, American Guidance Service Inc, 1965. 28. Bzoch KR, League R: The Receptive-Expressive Emergent Language Scale for the Measurement of Language Skills in Infancy . Gainesville, Fla, The Tree of Life Press, 1970. 29. Pueschel SM, Murphy A: Counseling of parents of infants with Down's syndrome . Postgrad Med 58:90-95, 1975. 30. O'Brien D, Groshek A: The abnormality of tryptophan metabolism in children with mongolism . Arch Dis Child 37:17-20, 1962.Crossref 31. Jerome J, Kamoun P: Diminution du taux de la serotonine associee a un defaut de captation dans les plaquettes sanguines des sujets trisomiques 21 . CR Acad Sci 264:2072-2075, 1967. 32. Boullin DJ, O'Brien RA: Abnormalities of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake and binding by blood platelets from children with Down's syndrome . J Physiol 212:287-297, 1971. 33. McCoy EE, Bayer SM: Decreased serotonin uptake and ATPase activity in platelets from Down's syndrome patients . Clin Res 21:304, 1973. 34. Lott IT, Chase TN, Murphy DL: Down's syndrome: Transport, storage and metabolism of serotonin in blood platelets . Pediatr Res 6:730-735, 1972. 35. Dubowitz V, Rogers KJ: 5-Hydroxyindole in the cerebrospinal fluid of infants with Down's syndrome and muscle hypotonia . Develop Med Child Neurol 11:730-734, 1969.Crossref 36. Tu J, Partington MW: 5-Hydroxyindol levels in the blood and CSF in Down's syndrome, phenylketonuria and severe mental retardation . Develop Med Child Neurol 14:457-466, 1972.Crossref 37. Fellstrom P, Liedholm M, Lundborg P: Evidence of altered cerebral serotonin metabolism in Down's syndrome from measurements of cerebro-spinal fluid acids . Pediatr Res 7:53, 1973.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png American Journal of Diseases of Children American Medical Association

5-Hydroxytryptophan and Pyridoxine: Their Effects in Young Children With Down's Syndrome

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References (40)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1980 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0002-922X
DOI
10.1001/archpedi.1980.02130210022007
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract • In a double-blind study, 89 children with Down's syndrome were given 5-hydroxytryptophan or pyridoxine hydrochloride in the first three years of life. The analysis of 5-hydroxyindole blood levels revealed that 5-hydroxytryptophan, pyridoxine, and the combination of 5-hydroxytryptophan and pyridoxine raised blood levels of 5-hydroxyindole equally well in 40% of the children. The assessment of muscle-tone ratings showed no significant difference among the study groups once children with moderate and severe congenital heart disease were excluded. Detailed studies of cognitive-adaptive function of children in the various groups found a significant difference on the Vineland Social Maturity Scale at ages 6, 12, 18, and 36 months; yet the source of significance was a negative interaction affecting children whose parents were able to comply with furnished guidance; these children showed consistently higher levels of accomplishment. (Am J Dis Child 134:838-844, 1980) References 1. Benda CF: The Child With Mongolism . New York, Grune & Stratton Inc, 1960. 2. Koch R, Share J, Graliker B: The effects of Cytomel on young children with Down's syndrome (mongolism): A double-blind longitudinal study . J Pediatr 66:776-778, 1965.Crossref 3. Zimmerman FT, Burgermeister BB, Putnam TJ: Effect of glutamic acid on the intelligence of patients with mongolism . Arch Neurol Psychiatry 61:275-287, 1949.Crossref 4. Marsh RW, Cabaret JJ: Down's syndrome treated with a low phenylalanine diet: Case report . NZ Med J 75:364-365, 1971. 5. Blumberg E: Two years of pituitary treatment in mongoloids: A clinical study . J Maine Med Assoc 50:120-125, 1959. 6. Aspillaga MJ, Morizon G, Avendano I: Dimethylsulfoxide therapy in severe retardation in mongoloid children . Ann NY Acad Sci 243:421-431, 1975.Crossref 7. Schmid F, Haus E, Moradof S, et al: Beeinflussung der mongoloiden Dyszephalie durch Injektionsimplantationen fetaler, heterologer Gehirngewebe . Fortschr Med 90:1181-1186, 1972. 8. Oestreicher P: Die Behandlung des Mongolismus . Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 121:316-317, 1973. 9. Black DB, Kato JG, Walker GW: A study of improvement in mentally retarded children accruing from sicca cell therapy . Am J Ment Defic 70:499-508, 1966. 10. Turkel H: Medical amelioration of Down's syndrome incorporating the orthomolecular approach . J Orthomol Psychol 4:102-115, 1975. 11. Share JB: A review of drug treatment for Down syndrome persons . Am J Ment Defic 80:388-393, 1976. 12. De la Cruz F: Medical management of mongolism or Down syndrome , in Mittler P (ed): Research to Practice in Mental Retardation: Education and Training . Baltimore, University Park Press, 1977, vol 3. 13. Pueschel SM: Therapeutic approaches in Down syndrome , in Proceedings of Conference on Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) . Baltimore, University Park Press, to be published. 14. Rosner F, Ong BH, Paine RS, et al: Bloodserotonin activity in trisomic and translocation Down's syndrome . Lancet 1:1191-1193, 1965.Crossref 15. Tu J, Zellweger H: Blood serotonin deficiency in Down's syndrome . Lancet 2:715-716, 1965.Crossref 16. Berman JL, Justice P, Hsia DY: The metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in the newborn . J Pediatr 67:603-608, 1965.Crossref 17. Saxl O: Down's syndrome: New aspects . Acta Paediatr Acad Sci Hung 9:329-336, 1968. 18. Bazelon M: Serotonin metabolism in Down syndrome . Clin Proc Child Hosp DC 23:58-63, 1967. 19. Carpenter WT: Serotonin now: Clinical implications of inhibiting its synthesis with p-chlorophenylalanine . Ann Intern Med 73:607-629, 1970.Crossref 20. Bazelon M, Paine RS, Cowie VA, et al: Reversal of hypotonia in infants with Down's syndrome by administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan . Lancet 1:1130-1133, 1967.Crossref 21. Coleman M, Steinberg L: A double-blind trial of 5-hydroxytryptophan in trisomy 21 patients , in Coleman M (ed): Serotonin in Down's Syndrome . New York, American Elsevier Publishing Co Inc, 1973. 22. Partington MW, MacDonald MRA, Tu JB: 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in Down's syndrome . Develop Med Child Neurol 13:362-372, 1971.Crossref 23. Weise P, Koch R, Shaw KNF, et al: The use of 5-HTP in the treatment of Down's syndrome . Pediatrics 54:165-168, 1974. 24. Udenfriend S, Weissbach H, Brodie BB, in Glick D (ed): Methods of Biochemical Analysis . New York, Wiley-Interscience, 1958, vol 6. 25. Sjoerdsma A, Weissbach H, Terry LL, et al: Further observations on patients with malignant carcinosis . Am J Med 23:5-15, 1957.Crossref 26. Bayley N: Manual for the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. New York, Psychological Cooperation , 1969. 27. Doll EA: Vineland Social Maturity Scale . Circle Pines, Minn, American Guidance Service Inc, 1965. 28. Bzoch KR, League R: The Receptive-Expressive Emergent Language Scale for the Measurement of Language Skills in Infancy . Gainesville, Fla, The Tree of Life Press, 1970. 29. Pueschel SM, Murphy A: Counseling of parents of infants with Down's syndrome . Postgrad Med 58:90-95, 1975. 30. O'Brien D, Groshek A: The abnormality of tryptophan metabolism in children with mongolism . Arch Dis Child 37:17-20, 1962.Crossref 31. Jerome J, Kamoun P: Diminution du taux de la serotonine associee a un defaut de captation dans les plaquettes sanguines des sujets trisomiques 21 . CR Acad Sci 264:2072-2075, 1967. 32. Boullin DJ, O'Brien RA: Abnormalities of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake and binding by blood platelets from children with Down's syndrome . J Physiol 212:287-297, 1971. 33. McCoy EE, Bayer SM: Decreased serotonin uptake and ATPase activity in platelets from Down's syndrome patients . Clin Res 21:304, 1973. 34. Lott IT, Chase TN, Murphy DL: Down's syndrome: Transport, storage and metabolism of serotonin in blood platelets . Pediatr Res 6:730-735, 1972. 35. Dubowitz V, Rogers KJ: 5-Hydroxyindole in the cerebrospinal fluid of infants with Down's syndrome and muscle hypotonia . Develop Med Child Neurol 11:730-734, 1969.Crossref 36. Tu J, Partington MW: 5-Hydroxyindol levels in the blood and CSF in Down's syndrome, phenylketonuria and severe mental retardation . Develop Med Child Neurol 14:457-466, 1972.Crossref 37. Fellstrom P, Liedholm M, Lundborg P: Evidence of altered cerebral serotonin metabolism in Down's syndrome from measurements of cerebro-spinal fluid acids . Pediatr Res 7:53, 1973.Crossref

Journal

American Journal of Diseases of ChildrenAmerican Medical Association

Published: Sep 1, 1980

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