TY - JOUR
AU1 - MILLER, JAMES E.
AB - Abstract The A and V syndromes are a graphic description of the variation in the amount of horizontal strabismus as the patient looks up and down. These exist in both esotropia and exotropia. The A-type esotropia demonstrates an increase in the internal strabismus on upward gaze, and a decrease on downward gaze (Fig. 1A). The V esotropia presents more strabismus in the down position and less in the up (Fig. 1B). Exotropia with A phenomenon has more outward deviation in depressed gaze and less in elevated gaze (Fig. 2A). The V exotropia is the opposite, with the greatest amount of outward deviation while looking up (Fig. 2B). This variation in the amount of strabismus ranges from insignificant to as high as 80 D. Often there is an accompanying over or underacting vertical muscle, particularly the obliques. The V syndromes may have overacting inferior obliques, while in the References 1. Urrets-Zavalia, A.: Significance of Congenital Cyclo-Vertical Motor Defects of the Eyes , Brit. J. Ophth. 39:11, 1955.Crossref 2. Urist, M. J.: Horizontal Squint with Secondary Vertical Deviations , A.M.A. Arch. Ophth. 46:245, 1951.Crossref 3. Urist, M. J.: Esotropia with Bilateral Depression in Adduction , A.M.A. Arch. Ophth. 55: 509, 1956.Crossref 4. Urist, M. J.: Surgical Treatment of Esotropia with Bilateral Elevation in Adduction , A.M.A. Arch. Ophth. 47:270, 1952.Crossref 5. Urist, M. J.: Exotropia with Bilateral Elevation in Adduction: II. Surgery , Am. J. Ophth. 38:178, 1954. 6. Parks, M. M.: Strabismus , A.M.A. Arch. Ophth. 58:152, 1957. 7. Costenbader, F. D., and Albert, D. G.: Unpublished study presented at Dallas Southern Clinical Association, Dallas, Texas, March, 1959. 8. Costenbader, F. D.: Esotropia with A and V Phenomena, Sixth Pan-American Congress of Ophthalmology, Caracas, Jan. 31-Feb. 7, 1960. 9. Fink, W. H.: The A and V Syndromes , Am. Orthop. J. 9:105, 1959. 10. Jampolsky, A.: Bilateral Anomalies of the Oblique Muscles , Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. 61:689, 1957. 11. Burian, H. M., in discussion of Bilateral Anomalies of the Oblique Muscles , Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. 61:698, 1957. 12. Jampolsky, A.: Exotropia with A and V Phenomena, Sixth Pan-American Congress of Ophthalmology, Caracas, Jan. 31-Feb. 7, 1960.
TI - Vertical Recti Transplantation in the A and V Syndromes
JF - Archives of Ophthalmology
DO - 10.1001/archopht.1960.01840010177002
DA - 1960-08-01
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/american-medical-association/vertical-recti-transplantation-in-the-a-and-v-syndromes-bRv0VmDgmU
SP - 175
EP - 179
VL - 64
IS - 2
DP - DeepDyve
ER -