TY - JOUR
AU1 - Becker, Randy A.
AB - Abstract: This paper examines the extent of variation in regulatory stringency below the state level, using establishment-level data from the U.S. Census Bureau's Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures survey to estimate a county-level index of environmental compliance costs. County-level variation is found to explain 11 to 18 times more of the variation in environmental compliance costs than state-level variation alone, and the range of environmental compliance costs within a state is often large. At least 34% of U.S. counties have environmental compliance costs that are statistically different from their states'. Results suggest that important spatial variation is lost in state-level studies of environmental regulation.
TI - On Spatial Heterogeneity in Environmental Compliance Costs
JF - Land Economics
DA - 2011-04-04
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/university-of-wisconsin-press/on-spatial-heterogeneity-in-environmental-compliance-costs-7IomksTUD3
SP - 28
EP - 44
VL - 87
IS - 1
DP - DeepDyve