TY - JOUR
AU - Bashear, Suliman
AB -  ON THE ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE MEANING OF ZAK � T IN EARLY ISLAM BY SULIMAN BASHEAR Introduction HE INFORMATION provided by Muslim sources on zakatlsadaqa T(poor-tax/rate, almsgiving), which eventually emerged as one of the "pillars" (arkan) of classical Islam, has been outlined by modern scholars. While the voluntary vs. obligatory nature of zakdtlsadaqa and their interchangeable occurrence in these sources were considered, it has also been noted that, in the time of the Prophet, these were still vague regulations and did not represent taxes demanded by religion. Widely circulated reports concerning the refusal of certain Bedouin tribes to pay zakat after the Prophet's s death as they considered their agreements with him cancelled by that, as well as 'Umar's inclination to agree with this, and the fact that only Abu Bakr made it a permanent institution, were brought in support of such an assessment. I The basic difference between sadaqa, which was primarily applied to the supererogatory, and the obligatory nature of zakdt, has also been noted.2 And the eventual emergence of alms as an obligatory duty in Islam led one scholar, H. Grimme, to the suggestion that Muhammad "should be treated as a social rather 
TI - On the Origins and Development of the Meaning of Zakāt in Early Islam
JF - Arabica
DO - 10.1163/157005893X00273
DA - 1993-01-01
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/brill/on-the-origins-and-development-of-the-meaning-of-zak-t-in-early-islam-zVe6gz5i1n
SP - 84
EP - 113
VL - 40
IS - 1
DP - DeepDyve
ER -