TY - JOUR AU - Finitzo, Terese AB - Abstract • Stuttering is a poorly understood communication disorder with a 1% global prevalence. Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in a neurogenic origin for the disorder, although no research has established clear neurological differences between "developmental" (stuttering onset in childhood) stutterers and nonstutterers. We have used xenon 133 single-photon emission computed tomography to study regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 20 stutterers. Analysis revealed global, absolute flow reductions. Relative flow asymmetries (left < right) were identified in three hemispheric regions: anterior cingulate and superior and middle temporal gyri. Milder changes were found in the left inferior frontal gyrus. Stutterers had rCBF values below median for either anterior cingulate or middle temporal gyri. With one exception, severe stutterers had rCBF values below median for the anterior cingulate gyrus. All stutterers with rCBF values above median in the cingulate gyrus had rCBF values below median in the middle temporal gyrus, and severity of their disorder was either mild or moderate. Our findings suggest that stuttering is a neurogenic disorder involving recognized cortical regions of speech-motor control. References 1. Wingate ME. A standard definition of stuttering . J Speech Hear Disord . 1964;29:484-489. 2. Shames G. Disorders of fluency . In: Shames G, Wiig E, eds. Human Communication Disorders (An Introduction) . 2nd ed. Columbus, Ohio: Charles Merril; 1986. 3. Van Riper C. The Nature of Stuttering . 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall International Inc; 1982:323-327. 4. Kussmaul A. Die Storungen der Sprache . In: Ziemssen HV, ed. Cyclopaedia Medica , 1877 5. Reported by: Klingbeil GM. The historical background of the modern speech clinic . J Speech Disord . 4:115-132 6. Van Riper C. The Nature of Stuttering . 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall International Inc; 1982. 7. Gutzmann H. Das Stottern . Frankfurt am Main, Germany: J Rosenheim; 1898. 8. Rosenbek JC. Stuttering secondary to nervous system damage . In: Curlee RF, Perkins WF, eds. Nature and Treatment of Stuttering: New Directions . San Diego, Calif: College Hill Press; 1984. 9. Rosenfield DB, Jerger J. Stuttering and auditory function . In: Curlee RF, Perkins WH, eds. Nature and Treatment of Stuttering . San Diego, Calif: College Hill Press; 1984:73-87. 10. MacKay DG, MacDonald MC. Stuttering as a sequencing and timing disorder . In: Curlee RF, Perkins WH, eds. Nature and Treatment of Stuttering: New Directions , San Diego, Calif: College Hill Press; 1984. 11. Kent RD. Stuttering as a temporal programming disorder . In: Curlee RF, Perkins WH, eds. Nature and Treatment of Stuttering: New Directions . San Diego, Calif: College Hill Press; 1984. 12. Wingate M. Stuttering as a prosodic disorder . In: Curlee RF, Perkins WH, eds. Nature and Treatment of Stuttering: New Directions . San Diego, Calif: College Hill Press; 1984. 13. Hamre CE. Stuttering as a cognitive-linguistic disorder . In: Curlee RF, Perkins WH, eds. Nature and Treatment of Stuttering: New Directions . San Diego, Calif: College Hill Press; 1984. 14. Clutter MH, Freeman FJ. Stuttering: six blind men revisited . J Fluency Disord . 1984;9:89-92.Crossref 15. Watson BC, Alfonso P. Foreperiod and stuttering severity effects on acoustic laryngeal reaction time . J Fluency Disord . 1983;8:183-205.Crossref 16. Wood F, Stump D, McKeehan A, Sheldon S, Proctor J. Patterns of regional cerebral blood flow during attempted reading aloud by stutterers both on and off haloperidol medication: evidence for inadequate left frontal activation during stuttering . Brain Lang . 1980;9:141-144.Crossref 17. Devous MD, Stokely EM, Chehabi HH, Bonte FJ. Normal distribution of regional cerebral blood flow measured by dynamic single-photon emission tomography . J Cereb Blood Flow Metab . 1986;6:95-104.Crossref 18. Riley G. Stuttering Severity Instruments for Children and Adults . (revised). Tigerd, Ore: CC Publications; 1980. 19. Ryan B. Programmed Therapy for Stuttering in Children and Adults . Springfield, Ill: Charles C Thomas Publisher; 1974. 20. Stokely EM, Sveindsdottir E, Lassen NA, et al. A single-photon dynamic computer assisted tomograph (DCAT) for imaging brain function in multiple cross sections . J Comput Assist Tomogr . 1980;4:230-240.Crossref 21. Kay DB, Keyes JW Jr. First order correction for absorption and resolution compensation in radionuclide Fourier tomography . J Nucl Med . 1975;16:540-541. 22. Kanno I, Lassen NA. Two methods of calculating regional cerebral blood flow from emission computed tomography of inert gas concentrations . J Comput Assist Tomogr . 1975;3:71-76.Crossref 23. Celsis P, Goldman T, Henrichsen L, Lassen NA. A method for calculating regional cerebral blood flow from emission computerized tomography of inert gas concentrations . J Comput Assist Tomogr . 1981;5:641-645.Crossref 24. Smith GT, Stokely EM, Lewis MH, et al. An error analysis of the double integral method of calculating brain blood perfusion from inert gas clearance data . J Cereb Blood Flow Metab . 1985;4:61-67.Crossref 25. Devous MD, Stokely EM, Bonte FJ. Quantitative imaging of regional cerebral blood flow in man by dynamic single-photon tomography . In Homan BL, ed. Radionuclide Imaging of the Brain . New York, NY: Churchill-Livingstone Inc, 1985:135-162. 26. Stokely EM, Totah J, Homan RW, Devous MD Sr, Bonte FJ. Interactive graphics method for regional quantification of tomographic brain blood flow images . Proc Medcomp . 1982:316-318. 27. Goldberg G. Supplementary motor area structure and function: review and hypotheses . Behav Brain Sci . 1985;8:567-616.Crossref 28. Hawver K. A Comparison of the Performance of Stutterers and Nonstutterers on Tests of Central Auditory Processing. Cincinnati, Ohio: University of Cincinnati; 1978. Doctoral dissertation. 29. Stager S, Freeman FJ, Finitzo-Hieber T. Patterns of Auditory Brainstem Response in Stutterers . Toronto, Ontario: American Speech Language Hearing Association; 1982. 30. Decker TN, Healy E, Howe S. Brainstem auditory characteristics of stutterers and nonstutterers: a preliminary report . J Fluency Disord . 1982;7:385-389.Crossref 31. Denays R, Tondeur M, Foulon M, et al. Regional brain blood flow in congenital dysphasia: studies with technetium-99m HM-PAO SPECT . J Nucl Med . 1989;30:1825-1829. 32. Billard C, Dulac O, Raynaud C, et al. Brain SPECT imaging in developmental childhood dysphasia . J Nucl Med . 1988;29:792. 33. Lou HC, Henriksen L, Bruhn P. Focal cerebral hypoperfusion in children with dysphasia and/or attention deficit disorder . Arch Neurol . 1984;41:825-829.Crossref TI - Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Developmental Stutterers JF - Archives of Neurology DO - 10.1001/archneur.1991.00530170069022 DA - 1991-05-01 UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/american-medical-association/regional-cerebral-blood-flow-in-developmental-stutterers-rvHal0D6T2 SP - 509 EP - 512 VL - 48 IS - 5 DP - DeepDyve ER -