TY - JOUR
AB - On 30 March 2018, the science of mammalogy and the American Society of Mammalogists lost one of the most influential figures of the last half-century. Robert James Baker died quietly at his home in Lubbock, Texas (Fig. 1). He was born on 8 April 1942 to James Simeon Baker and Laura Cooper in Warren, Arkansas. His father was killed during World War II and his mother remarried, resulting in his growing up with six half-siblings. According to Robert’s autobiography in Going afield (330—number refers to specific publication in “Bibliography”), he spent a good deal of his youth with his grandparents on a 100-acre farm in the West Gulf Coastal Plain of southeastern Arkansas. He identified his maternal grandmother, “Grandma Rosie,” as his best friend and his greatest influence during these years. His marriage to Jean Joyner on 19 August 1961 ended in divorce in 1975, but the marriage resulted in a daughter, April Baker-Padilla, and two grandchildren, Jason Baker and Faith Padilla. Robert was married to his wife of 39 years, Laura Kyle (M.D.), on 28 May 1978 in Lubbock. Their son, Robert Kyle Baker, preceded his father in death, which was a tragedy from which neither Robert nor Laura ever completely recovered. Fig. 1. View largeDownload slide Robert J. Baker (1942–2018). Photograph taken in May 2006. Horn Professor portrait, courtesy of Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas. Fig. 1. View largeDownload slide Robert J. Baker (1942–2018). Photograph taken in May 2006. Horn Professor portrait, courtesy of Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas. Robert was always more than willing to admit to his “type A” personality and he seemed to try to live daily by his motto “anything worth doing is worth overdoing.” He must have always been a human dynamo, but with the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes while in the field in Alamos, Sonora, in the summer of 1966, he went into hyperdrive. He did not reduce his life goals, but instead decided that they would need to be accomplished in much less time. At the time of his diagnosis, diabetes typically was responsible for shortening life expectancy by one-third and could cause loss of eyesight, amputation of limbs, kidney failure, heart disease, and loss of nerve function. Robert stated in his autobiography, “Diabetes has been such a constant and obnoxious companion that it has often been a major statement of who I am” (330). Robert seemed to have a clock ticking at the back of his mind and everything needed to be moving at top speed. Anytime a colleague or student needed to repeat an experiment, his question would be: “Why is there always time to do it over but never enough to do it right the first time?” Anyone who accompanied Robert into the field could expect at least two things—Robert would do more work than you no matter how hard you worked and Robert would have a low blood sugar crisis at some point. The insulin control of diabetes, particularly in the early years using insulin from pigs, was imperfect at best. Colleagues and students who went to the field with Robert soon learned to pack a couple of extra cans of Coca-Cola, a bag of caramel candies, and Snickers bars, or to be prepared for a high-speed drive (always by Robert) to the nearest Allsup’s or some local grog shop dispensing soft drinks. However, ultimately Robert won the race with diabetes, living longer than predicted and accomplishing most of his life goals. Age and accumulating health issues finally slowed the engine shortly after his retirement from Texas Tech University. Laura was constantly at his side until the end, giving loving and professional care. Robert began his collegiate education at Ouachita Baptist University in 1959 on an academic scholarship. He described his experience there as “nearly ending my college education” (330). Fortunately, he transferred to University of Arkansas at Monticello (then Arkansas A&M College) where he graduated in 1963. While at the university he was mentored by two professors— W. C. Hopgood and Claud M. Ward. Hopgood taught Robert’s first course in biology and then comparative anatomy and taught him about academic standards. Ward introduced Robert to the study of mammals and encouraged him to pursue a graduate degree. Robert went on to Oklahoma State University where he received his M.S. in 1965, working under the direction of Bryan P. Glass. Robert’s love of natural history collections and his steadfast view of the importance of voucher specimens may have been kindled at Oklahoma State where RJB 1, an Ochrotomys nuttalli, still resides in the OSU Collection of Vertebrates as OSU-M 4713. His thesis was on the systematics of Myotis subulatus, but it was never published (2) because in Robert’s opinion it was not of high enough quality. He moved directly to the University of Arizona, pursuing his Ph.D. under E. Lendell Cockrum. He completed his dissertation in 2 years, studying the phylogeny of nectar-feeding bats of the family Phyllostomidae based on karyotypes (Fig. 2). Fig. 2. View largeDownload slide Robert J. Baker (center) in the field in Guerrero, Mexico, in 1966, with William López-Forment (left) and Juan Nava (right). Photographer unknown. Fig. 2. View largeDownload slide Robert J. Baker (center) in the field in Guerrero, Mexico, in 1966, with William López-Forment (left) and Juan Nava (right). Photographer unknown. David Schmidly remembered: “I first met Robert in the spring of 1967 when he was interviewing for a job in the Department of Biology at Texas Tech. I was a student working on my master’s degree and my faculty advisor, Robert L. Packard, invited me to tag along when he took Baker to the Student Union Building for coffee. I remember the occasion well because I couldn’t believe how young Baker looked. He had the appearance of an 18-year old boy yet he already possessed a Ph.D. at the youthful age of 25—barely a year older than me. I was even more impressed as he talked about his research on karyotypes and chromosomes of bats—something I knew almost nothing about. I also remember how excited Dr. Packard was when he told me later that Baker had accepted the position at Tech and thus doubled the number of mammalogists at the university.” When Robert arrived on campus, the institution was still known as Texas Technological College and it did not award its first Ph.D. in biology until 1969. Robert hit the department like a whirlwind. He had a small office with an equally small lab in the back that was soon filled with live bats and pocket gophers. Almost immediately upon arriving at Tech, Robert attracted a crew of undergraduate and graduate students working both in the laboratory learning this new technique of karyotyping and in the field studying native Texas mammals. This work included numerous field trips in departmental Chevrolet Suburbans to collect rodents and bats, either with an aim to characterize biodiversity or to study chromosomal variation—woodrats at Post, southern yellow bats in the last remnants of the palm grove near Brownsville, bats and rodents in mountains of the Trans-Pecos region, and of course, Mexico. These early days were times of opportunism, to explore a biota that was new to him, and to identify potential projects. The trips were especially exciting for students, but students also shared in the excitement of lab work and writing papers, usually with Robert as co-author but sometimes without him. Robert’s research production certainly was prodigious, with 438 scientific publications and counting (see “Bibliography” that follows). These contributions primarily concerned mammals, although a few covered other taxonomic groups and museology. Although this level of output is reached by few scientists, to us, the real story is the high quality of research and the ideas that it generated. John Bickham recalled certain people being critical of Robert’s productivity, saying something to the effect that because he published so many papers, they must not all be of high quality. But people who study how science progresses have a different opinion. In his book, The Medici Effect, which explores the factors that promote innovation in science and other fields, Frans Johansson points out that, “The most successful innovators produce and realize an incredible number of ideas,” and, “those who have created the most are also the ones who have the most significant innovative impact” (Johansson 2006). Examples he cites include: “Pablo Picasso, for instance, produced 20,000 pieces of art; Einstein wrote more than 240 papers; Bach wrote a Cantata every week; Thomas Edison filed a record 1,039 patents” (Johansson 2006:91). Johansson (2006) shows a clear relationship between productivity and impact in innovation. Although Robert might not rise to the level of Einstein and those mentioned here, the quantity and quality of his papers speak of a person of incredible drive and talent. The impact that Robert’s research program has had, and is still having, on the fields of mammalogy and its connection to evolutionary biology cannot be overstated. Beyond the numerous accomplishments of his students, Robert’s collective contribution to the scientific body of knowledge is diverse and far-reaching, ranging from key natural history observations to advancement of evolutionary theory. As his research program matured, Robert developed an intense passion for the “species problem” and he would spend countless hours reading and thinking of species concepts with the goal of better understanding mammalian speciation. Robert would often recount conversations that he had with Ernst Mayr about the Biological Species Concept and Mayr’s usage of “reproductive isolation” rather than the more accurate “genetic isolation” when defining species boundaries. When reflecting on Robert’s research program, it is clear that he was absolutely fascinated with the mechanisms underlying the establishment of independent mammalian lineages, ranging from novel insights into the interplay between chromosomal evolution and genetic isolation (canalization model of chromosomal evolution—99; speciation by monobrachial centric fusion—160) to embracement of the Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller model for the accumulation of genetic incompatibilities that ultimately separate species (Genetic Species Concept—291, 346). Because of his intense interest in speciation, Robert always took great pleasure in describing taxa of mammals new to science. He described and named 18 new species and subspecies as well as 11 higher-level taxa (Table 1). Table 1. Taxa of mammals described as new to science by Robert J. Baker and his colleagues. The taxa are listed at the taxonomic level at which they were originally described. Taxonomic level Name and authority Citation Subfamily Glyphonycterine Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Subfamily Rhinophyllinae Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Tribe Hsunycterini Parlos, Timm, Swier, Zeballos, and Baker Parlos et al. 2014 (419) Tribe Diphyllini Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Subtribe Anourina Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Subtribe Vampyressina Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Subtribe Eschisthenina Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Subtribe Ectophyllina Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Genus Hsunycteris Parlos, Timm, Swier, Zeballos, and Baker Parlos et al. 2014 (419) Subgenus Leuconycteris Porter, Hoofer, Cline, Hoffmann, and Baker Porter et al. 2007 (358) Subgenus Schizonycteris Porter, Hoofer, Cline, Hoffmann, and Baker Porter et al. 2007 (358) Species Eptesicus guadeloupensis Genoways and Baker Genoways and Baker 1975 (58) Species Chiroderma improvisum Baker and Genoways Baker and Genoways 1976 (63) Species Rhogeessa genowaysi Baker Baker 1984 (141) Species Rhogeessa hussoni Genoways and Baker Genoways and Baker 1996 (238) Species Carollia sowelli Baker, Solari, and Hoffmann Baker et al. 2002 (303) Species Notiosorex cockrumi Baker, O’Neill, and McAliley Baker et al. 2003 (308) Species Lophostoma aequatorialis Baker, Fonseca, Parish, Phillips, and Hoffmann Baker et al. 2004 (324) Species Oryzomys andersoni Brooks and Baker Brooks et al. 2004 (326) Species Carollia benkeithi Solari and Baker Solari and Baker 2006 (343) Species Anoura cadenai Mantilla-Meluk and Baker Mantilla-Meluk and Baker 2006 (348) Species Micronycteris giovanniae Baker and Fonseca Fonseca et al. 2007 (351) Species Eumops wilsoni Baker, McDonough, Swier, Larsen, Carrera, and Ammerman Baker et al. 2009 (369) Species Anoura carishina Mantilla-Meluk and Baker Mantilla-Meluk and Baker 2010 (381) Species Rhogeessa bickhami Baird, Marchán-Rivadeneira, Pérez, and Baker Baird et al. 2012 (398) Species Rhogeessa menchuae Baird, Marchán-Rivadeneira, Pérez, and Baker Baird et al. 2012 (398) Subspecies Uroderma bilobatum davisi Baker and McDaniel Baker and McDaniel 1972 (40) Subspecies Geomys bursarius knoxjonesi Baker and Genoways Baker and Genoways 1975 (56) Subspecies Ardops nichollsi vincentensis R. Larsen, Genoways, and Baker Larsen et al. 2017 (435) Taxonomic level Name and authority Citation Subfamily Glyphonycterine Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Subfamily Rhinophyllinae Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Tribe Hsunycterini Parlos, Timm, Swier, Zeballos, and Baker Parlos et al. 2014 (419) Tribe Diphyllini Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Subtribe Anourina Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Subtribe Vampyressina Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Subtribe Eschisthenina Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Subtribe Ectophyllina Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Genus Hsunycteris Parlos, Timm, Swier, Zeballos, and Baker Parlos et al. 2014 (419) Subgenus Leuconycteris Porter, Hoofer, Cline, Hoffmann, and Baker Porter et al. 2007 (358) Subgenus Schizonycteris Porter, Hoofer, Cline, Hoffmann, and Baker Porter et al. 2007 (358) Species Eptesicus guadeloupensis Genoways and Baker Genoways and Baker 1975 (58) Species Chiroderma improvisum Baker and Genoways Baker and Genoways 1976 (63) Species Rhogeessa genowaysi Baker Baker 1984 (141) Species Rhogeessa hussoni Genoways and Baker Genoways and Baker 1996 (238) Species Carollia sowelli Baker, Solari, and Hoffmann Baker et al. 2002 (303) Species Notiosorex cockrumi Baker, O’Neill, and McAliley Baker et al. 2003 (308) Species Lophostoma aequatorialis Baker, Fonseca, Parish, Phillips, and Hoffmann Baker et al. 2004 (324) Species Oryzomys andersoni Brooks and Baker Brooks et al. 2004 (326) Species Carollia benkeithi Solari and Baker Solari and Baker 2006 (343) Species Anoura cadenai Mantilla-Meluk and Baker Mantilla-Meluk and Baker 2006 (348) Species Micronycteris giovanniae Baker and Fonseca Fonseca et al. 2007 (351) Species Eumops wilsoni Baker, McDonough, Swier, Larsen, Carrera, and Ammerman Baker et al. 2009 (369) Species Anoura carishina Mantilla-Meluk and Baker Mantilla-Meluk and Baker 2010 (381) Species Rhogeessa bickhami Baird, Marchán-Rivadeneira, Pérez, and Baker Baird et al. 2012 (398) Species Rhogeessa menchuae Baird, Marchán-Rivadeneira, Pérez, and Baker Baird et al. 2012 (398) Subspecies Uroderma bilobatum davisi Baker and McDaniel Baker and McDaniel 1972 (40) Subspecies Geomys bursarius knoxjonesi Baker and Genoways Baker and Genoways 1975 (56) Subspecies Ardops nichollsi vincentensis R. Larsen, Genoways, and Baker Larsen et al. 2017 (435) View Large Table 1. Taxa of mammals described as new to science by Robert J. Baker and his colleagues. The taxa are listed at the taxonomic level at which they were originally described. Taxonomic level Name and authority Citation Subfamily Glyphonycterine Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Subfamily Rhinophyllinae Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Tribe Hsunycterini Parlos, Timm, Swier, Zeballos, and Baker Parlos et al. 2014 (419) Tribe Diphyllini Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Subtribe Anourina Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Subtribe Vampyressina Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Subtribe Eschisthenina Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Subtribe Ectophyllina Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Genus Hsunycteris Parlos, Timm, Swier, Zeballos, and Baker Parlos et al. 2014 (419) Subgenus Leuconycteris Porter, Hoofer, Cline, Hoffmann, and Baker Porter et al. 2007 (358) Subgenus Schizonycteris Porter, Hoofer, Cline, Hoffmann, and Baker Porter et al. 2007 (358) Species Eptesicus guadeloupensis Genoways and Baker Genoways and Baker 1975 (58) Species Chiroderma improvisum Baker and Genoways Baker and Genoways 1976 (63) Species Rhogeessa genowaysi Baker Baker 1984 (141) Species Rhogeessa hussoni Genoways and Baker Genoways and Baker 1996 (238) Species Carollia sowelli Baker, Solari, and Hoffmann Baker et al. 2002 (303) Species Notiosorex cockrumi Baker, O’Neill, and McAliley Baker et al. 2003 (308) Species Lophostoma aequatorialis Baker, Fonseca, Parish, Phillips, and Hoffmann Baker et al. 2004 (324) Species Oryzomys andersoni Brooks and Baker Brooks et al. 2004 (326) Species Carollia benkeithi Solari and Baker Solari and Baker 2006 (343) Species Anoura cadenai Mantilla-Meluk and Baker Mantilla-Meluk and Baker 2006 (348) Species Micronycteris giovanniae Baker and Fonseca Fonseca et al. 2007 (351) Species Eumops wilsoni Baker, McDonough, Swier, Larsen, Carrera, and Ammerman Baker et al. 2009 (369) Species Anoura carishina Mantilla-Meluk and Baker Mantilla-Meluk and Baker 2010 (381) Species Rhogeessa bickhami Baird, Marchán-Rivadeneira, Pérez, and Baker Baird et al. 2012 (398) Species Rhogeessa menchuae Baird, Marchán-Rivadeneira, Pérez, and Baker Baird et al. 2012 (398) Subspecies Uroderma bilobatum davisi Baker and McDaniel Baker and McDaniel 1972 (40) Subspecies Geomys bursarius knoxjonesi Baker and Genoways Baker and Genoways 1975 (56) Subspecies Ardops nichollsi vincentensis R. Larsen, Genoways, and Baker Larsen et al. 2017 (435) Taxonomic level Name and authority Citation Subfamily Glyphonycterine Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Subfamily Rhinophyllinae Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Tribe Hsunycterini Parlos, Timm, Swier, Zeballos, and Baker Parlos et al. 2014 (419) Tribe Diphyllini Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Subtribe Anourina Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Subtribe Vampyressina Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Subtribe Eschisthenina Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Subtribe Ectophyllina Baker, Solari, Cirranello, and Simmons Baker et al. 2016 (430) Genus Hsunycteris Parlos, Timm, Swier, Zeballos, and Baker Parlos et al. 2014 (419) Subgenus Leuconycteris Porter, Hoofer, Cline, Hoffmann, and Baker Porter et al. 2007 (358) Subgenus Schizonycteris Porter, Hoofer, Cline, Hoffmann, and Baker Porter et al. 2007 (358) Species Eptesicus guadeloupensis Genoways and Baker Genoways and Baker 1975 (58) Species Chiroderma improvisum Baker and Genoways Baker and Genoways 1976 (63) Species Rhogeessa genowaysi Baker Baker 1984 (141) Species Rhogeessa hussoni Genoways and Baker Genoways and Baker 1996 (238) Species Carollia sowelli Baker, Solari, and Hoffmann Baker et al. 2002 (303) Species Notiosorex cockrumi Baker, O’Neill, and McAliley Baker et al. 2003 (308) Species Lophostoma aequatorialis Baker, Fonseca, Parish, Phillips, and Hoffmann Baker et al. 2004 (324) Species Oryzomys andersoni Brooks and Baker Brooks et al. 2004 (326) Species Carollia benkeithi Solari and Baker Solari and Baker 2006 (343) Species Anoura cadenai Mantilla-Meluk and Baker Mantilla-Meluk and Baker 2006 (348) Species Micronycteris giovanniae Baker and Fonseca Fonseca et al. 2007 (351) Species Eumops wilsoni Baker, McDonough, Swier, Larsen, Carrera, and Ammerman Baker et al. 2009 (369) Species Anoura carishina Mantilla-Meluk and Baker Mantilla-Meluk and Baker 2010 (381) Species Rhogeessa bickhami Baird, Marchán-Rivadeneira, Pérez, and Baker Baird et al. 2012 (398) Species Rhogeessa menchuae Baird, Marchán-Rivadeneira, Pérez, and Baker Baird et al. 2012 (398) Subspecies Uroderma bilobatum davisi Baker and McDaniel Baker and McDaniel 1972 (40) Subspecies Geomys bursarius knoxjonesi Baker and Genoways Baker and Genoways 1975 (56) Subspecies Ardops nichollsi vincentensis R. Larsen, Genoways, and Baker Larsen et al. 2017 (435) View Large Robert once stated that he enjoyed planting and caring for trees on his property because the branching patterns of the limbs would stir up thoughts of evolutionary trajectories, speciation, and the tree of life. Certainly, one of the branching sequences that dominated a career-long quest from the time of his Ph.D. dissertation was redoing Miller’s classic 1907 classification of bats (Miller 1907) based on the latest genetic and genomic data, which he accomplished in 2016 for phyllostomids with the appearance of two publications (430, 431). Robert was absolutely overjoyed whenever one of his students would enter his office with a newly generated phylogenetic tree because the phylogeny provided novel insight into the evolutionary history of the targeted taxon. Together with his students, he would overlay molecular phylogenies onto geographic maps and would develop hypotheses as to the putative geographic and ecological barriers that might have contributed to the observed genetic structure. Although not without controversy and despite the recent flood of genomic datasets, his test of the Genetic Species Concept (291, 346) arguably remains the gold standard for measuring mammalian species diversity. Robert was adamant that utilization of mitochondrial DNA sequence data to quantify genetic isolation between mammalian lineages represented a starting point for researchers aiming to elucidate subspecies and species boundaries. For Robert, deviations from the genetic patterns observed across traditionally accepted mammalian sister species represented treasures ripe for exploration because such deviations (for example, naturally hybridizing species) provided a window into mammalian evolution and had the potential for major insights into the mechanisms underlying mammalian speciation (383). Robert also made significant contributions in other scientific disciplines, such as biogeography, as David Schmidly and co-authors recognized in a recent publication (Schmidly et al. 2017). Over a period of several decades, Robert and his collaborators collected bats on the various Caribbean Islands, and in 1978, Robert and Hugh Genoways described the island biogeography of bats in the Caribbean Basin (75). This was the first comprehensive account of the distribution of bats across a large oceanic archipelago, and it formed the basis for numerous comparative analyses in island biogeography that continue today. In 1994, Robert was asked to serve as a collaborator-contractor on a project at Chernobyl directed by Ronald Chesser and Michael Smith at the University of Georgia’s Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, in collaboration with Ukrainian experts Sergey Gaschak and others at the Chornobyl Center and International Radioecology Laboratory. Robert educated himself on methods and theory in ecotoxicology, recruited and trained students, and established international collaborations. These collaborations continued for several years and resulted in more than 40 scientific publications focused on Chernobyl research. Overall, their research showed that current radiation doses experienced by wildlife near Chernobyl were not sufficient to yield high mutation rates or prevent population maintenance. In Robert’s typical whimsical style, they published a paper stating that the Chernobyl accident had created an effective wildlife reserve by forcing the evacuation of 126 villages. However, it was an early Chernobyl manuscript that served as one of the biggest challenges in Robert’s career. One of the key values of any significant scientific leader is integrity—the willingness to do the right thing no matter how difficult or trying the circumstance. Robert’s ability to do the right thing was truly tested when he discovered an error in a paper that he and several members of his lab had published on research concerning the Chernobyl nuclear disaster zone in the journal Nature (229), arguably the most prestigious journal in the field of biology. Robert was extremely excited about this publication because, not only was it being published in Nature, it was the cover article. He purchased copies of the cover and had one framed for each of his co-authors. The original data for the publication were produced using the Sanger sequencing method, which had some level of error associated with it but during this period of DNA sequencing, numerous scientific papers relied on this technique to produce results and those results were published. When Robert’s lab purchased an automated sequencer shortly after the Nature paper was published, Robert asked a member of the lab to use the archived clones from the original paper to reproduce the dataset. A comparison of the results revealed that some of the original nucleotide determinations within the gene sequence were not statistically supported using the new sequencing method. There were elevated mutations rates in the Chernobyl animals in comparisons to control animals, but the differences were not statistically significant using the new sequencing method. What is important to note is that no other researcher had caught this error or had pointed it out. Robert discovered it himself and made the decision to offer full disclosure with corrections. David Schmidly, who was serving as Vice President of Research at Texas Tech at the time, recalls the day Robert came to his office and told him of the discovery—“It was obvious that he was down and struggling with what to do.” Robert discussed the implications of the findings with David and the next day let him know he would be issuing a retraction (244) regarding some of the data in the article. Meredith Hamilton, as one of the co-authors, recalls a series of phone conversations, which were not about whether or not he should issue the retraction, they were about what he should do going forward from this point. Should he get out of science and find something totally different to do? Robert spent several months of soul-searching and concluded that the retraction had been the right thing to do and that he needed to move on and do the best science that he could. Robert believed that good science depends on the researcher being honest and if that means pointing out your own mistakes then that is what has to happen. In 2014, Robert contacted the authors of the Nature article and asked them to reflect on the impact of the retraction. He was working on an article for The Winnower (424) to tell the story behind the retraction. Hamilton recalls that what ensued was a string of emails with a common theme: Did you contemplate getting out of science or academia? Some authors thought about it—but nobody did. Did this retraction impact our success as scientists or academicians? “No.” Are we better scientists for having gone through this? “Yes.” Robert worked in the lab-field border in biology (as defined by Kohler 2002), but his practice was primarily of the field. Field biology to him was a kind of evolutionary practice. He was a tireless collector, trapping and netting bats at night, and during the day, “processing his catch” by preparing karyotypes and preserving organ tissues and specimens for later work in the lab. He had a knack for picking field sites that could provide “natural experiments” to test evolutionary theory, such as the contact zone between populations of pocket gophers of the genus Geomys in Texas and New Mexico. Robert’s research really took him far afield in several senses. To pursue his interests, he travelled the world collecting specimens of mammals. His travels took him to 5 continents (North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Africa) and at least 26 countries and territories in addition to the United States, including Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, England, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Kyrgyz Republic, Malaysia, Mexico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Russia, Suriname, Trinidad, Tunisia, Ukraine, and Venezuela. Robert’s collaborative nature led to many international partnerships that resulted in joint research projects with access to a wide array of mammalian species, and he recruited and mentored many international graduate students from these countries. Robert calculated that he had spent over 30 months in the field in the Neotropics, primarily pursuing bats (Fig. 3), and 5 months in the Chernobyl nuclear disaster zone, studying the impact of radiation on mammalian populations (Fig. 4). Fig. 3. View largeDownload slide Robert J. Baker removing a Uroderma from a mist net at Santa Rosa, Guatemala, in May 1977. Photograph by Ira F. Greenbaum. Fig. 3. View largeDownload slide Robert J. Baker removing a Uroderma from a mist net at Santa Rosa, Guatemala, in May 1977. Photograph by Ira F. Greenbaum. Fig. 4. View largeDownload slide Robert J. Baker recovering from checking his trapline of Sherman live traps in the Chernobyl nuclear disaster zone, Ukraine, in 2011. Photograph by Caleb D. Phillips. Fig. 4. View largeDownload slide Robert J. Baker recovering from checking his trapline of Sherman live traps in the Chernobyl nuclear disaster zone, Ukraine, in 2011. Photograph by Caleb D. Phillips. Robert began his fieldwork like most traditional mammalogists with a bag of museum special mousetraps, a sack of bat nets, a little sawdust, a box of oatmeal, a jar of peanut butter, a skinning kit, a batt of cotton, museum skin and skull tags, and a little Monel wire for tails and legs. However, starting in the mid-1970s, Robert realized that the future of mammalogy lay in new methodologies, so as his range of research interests expanded so did his field equipment to include a hand-cranked centrifuge, glass slides, ethanol, Sherman live traps, ice, Dewar, Nunc cryotubes, shell vials, Nobuto strips, liquid nitrogen, an electric centrifuge, transformers, tube canes, formalin, a video camera, a GPS device, a digital SLR camera, and a sturdy machete. This allowed preparation of standard museum specimens, specimens preserved in formalin, karyotypes, frozen tissues, lysis-preserved tissues, blood samples, parasites, fecal matter, and stomach contents so that they could be returned to Lubbock for study. Robert, himself, explained the progression of research methods that he employed: “karyotyping, in situ hybridization, G and C chromosomal banding, starch gel electrophoresis, restriction enzyme site mapping, DNA sequencing, construction and probing of cosmid and plasmid libraries, and differential expression of genes” (330). Robert understood the concept and value of the voucher specimen and how critical it was to future research, as he and colleagues wrote at least seven papers on the topic (281, 290, 305, 341, 349, 406, 423). The hallmark of Robert’s work and the mammalogy program at Texas Tech was not to abandon the old methods but to meld them with the newly developed and evolving techniques. Robert absolutely loved trying to outfox the mammals he was collecting, and he would spend hours thinking of novel trap designs, mist-net mesh sizes, and ideal trap and mist-net locations. Even as a graduate student, Robert was among the first to successfully karyotype wild mammals under field conditions. When he needed live pocket gophers for genetic studies, and no existing traps would do the job, he along with his student Stephen Williams designed the Baker-Williams pocket gopher live trap, which still is widely used by researchers studying live pocket gophers (37). This also inspired another of his students, Terry Yates, to develop the first live trap for moles. After his significant time in the Neotropics netting bats, there was almost no Neotropical bat species beyond his reach. However, while mist-netting bats in the Old World for the first time in 2006, Robert was presented with a novel challenge because many Old World bat species seemed to readily detect and avoid his typical Neotropical net settings. Robert was absolutely thrilled by this and he enjoyed thinking of how to modify his Neotropical netting techniques to capture more efficiently Old World bats. He then modified his netting approach in the field in order to maximize species diversity. Robert loved to take both undergraduates and graduate students in the field and he was not above pitting them against each other if it resulted in all learning more about mammals and having a good time. Karen McBee recalled that on a mammalogy class fieldtrip to the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona, he challenged the undergraduates to take on the graduate students in a contest to see which group could collect the most individuals, most species, and best species (to be determined by him), then gave almost all the Sherman traps to the undergraduates. Robert spent countless hours leading students while setting Sherman traps and simultaneously describing how a recent manuscript should be revised. He spent just as many hours talking with his students about professional development, philosophy, and the latest music. He always led by example, be it setting bat nets across the NCO Club swimming pool at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba or digging holes for trapping pocket gophers on the Llano Estacado. Although Robert made major scientific contributions through his research and leadership, his greatest impact on the future of mammalogy and of science in America may well be through the students that he trained. Each student was like a stone thrown into a pond, creating ripples that move outward in concentric circles, sometimes interacting with each other and at other times creating new ripples, and all moving outward toward an unseen horizon where the future of science lies. Robert certainly created many such ripples, and their entire impact will not be fully realized in our lifetime. He served as the academic advisor for 50 (32 men, 18 women) graduate students who completed Ph.D. degrees, with most dissertations focusing on mammals, but at least 6 dealing with other vertebrate groups or museum collections. In addition, he trained 48 students (26 men, 22 women) who completed master’s theses (Table 2). At least 10 (5 men, 5 women) post-doctoral associates participated in research projects in Robert’s laboratory for a total of approximately 22 years: Karen McBee, 1986–1987; Laura Janecek, 1991–1992; Ron Van Den Bussche, 1992–1995; Meredith J. Hamilton, 1994–1995; Ann E. M. Baker, 1995–1996; John C. Patton, 1996–1997; Calvin A. Porter, 1998–2001; Brenda E. Rodgers, 2000–2001; Steven R. Hoofer, 2002–2007; and Caleb Phillips, 2009–2014. Table 2. Students completing graduate degrees under the supervision of Robert J. Baker at Texas Tech University. Year Names Graduate students who completed Ph.D. degrees 1973 J. Hoyt Bowers, V. Rick McDaniel, and Jerry W. Warner 1975 William J. Bleier 1976 John W. Bickham 1978 Ira F. Greenbaum and Terry L. Yates 1981 Rodney L. Honeycutt 1982 Margaret A. O’Connell 1983 Michael W. Haiduk 1984 Fred B. Stangl, Jr. 1986 Craig S. Hood and Mazin B. Qumsiyeh 1987 David C. Kerridge 1989 Meredith J. Hamilton and Ronald A. Van Den Bussche 1991 Robert D. Bradley and Alec Knight 1992 Calvin A. Porter 1993 Jonathan L. Longmire 1994 Joaquin Arroyo-Cabrales 1995 Cheryl A. Schmidt 1997 James Cathey, James A. DeWoody, Burhan Ghariebeh, Mary Maltbie, and R. Richard Monk 1999 Kateryna Dmytrivna Makova and Anton Nekrutenko 2000 Kelly Allen and Brenda E. Rodgers 2002 Federico G. Hoffmann and Jeffrey K. Wickliffe 2003 Deidre A. Parish 2004 Adam Fuller 2005 Emma M. P. Dawson 2007 Norma Salcedo (with Richard E. Strauss) and Sergio Solari 2008 Vicki J. Swier 2009 Heather N. Meeks 2010 Peter A. Larsen and Hugo Mantilla-Meluk 2011 Roxanne J. Larsen 2013 Faisal Bin Ali Anwarali Khan 2014 Matias Feijoo (with Enrique Lessa; graduated from Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay), Molly M. McDonough, and Lizette K. Siles Mendoza 2015 Maria Raquel Marchán-Rivadeneira, Julie A. Parlos, and Cibele Sotero-Caio Graduate students who completed master’s degrees 1969 Dale L. Berry 1970 Omer James Reichman 1971 William J. Bleier 1973 Brent L. Davis and Stephen L. Williams 1975 John E. Cornely, Ira F. Greenbaum, Margaret A. O’Connell, and Edward F. Pembleton 1976 John C. Patton 1978 Rebecca A. Bass 1979 Laurie Erickson, Anette Johnson, and Paul Young (with Robert L. Packard) 1980 Karen McBee 1981 Michael L. Arnold 1982 Ben F. Koop 1983 Cora Clark 1984 Kimberlyn Nelson 1985 Hae Kyung Lee 1989 Albert Kumirai 1992 Kevin L. Bowers and Mary Maltbie 1993 Shelly Witte 1995 Susan Carron 1996 Sergio Tiranti 1997 April Bates (with R. R. Monk) and Ted Jolley (with R. D. Bradley) 1998 Britney Hager (with R. R. Monk) and Ellen Roots McBride 1999 Oleksiy Knyazhnytskiy (with R. R. Monk) and Cole Matson 2000 Raegan D. King (with R. R. Monk) and Nicole Lewis-Oritt 2001 Emma M. P. Dawson, Amy S. Halter, and Mark B. O’Neill 2003 Yelena Dunina-Barkovskaya and Mariko Kageyama 2004 Rene Fonseca 2005 Holly Bjorum and Peter A. Larsen 2006 Adam Brown 2007 Tamara Enriquez and Juan Pablo Carrera 2008 Faisal Bin Ali Anwarali Khan and Maria Raquel Marchán-Rivadeneira 2009 C. Miguel Pinto Year Names Graduate students who completed Ph.D. degrees 1973 J. Hoyt Bowers, V. Rick McDaniel, and Jerry W. Warner 1975 William J. Bleier 1976 John W. Bickham 1978 Ira F. Greenbaum and Terry L. Yates 1981 Rodney L. Honeycutt 1982 Margaret A. O’Connell 1983 Michael W. Haiduk 1984 Fred B. Stangl, Jr. 1986 Craig S. Hood and Mazin B. Qumsiyeh 1987 David C. Kerridge 1989 Meredith J. Hamilton and Ronald A. Van Den Bussche 1991 Robert D. Bradley and Alec Knight 1992 Calvin A. Porter 1993 Jonathan L. Longmire 1994 Joaquin Arroyo-Cabrales 1995 Cheryl A. Schmidt 1997 James Cathey, James A. DeWoody, Burhan Ghariebeh, Mary Maltbie, and R. Richard Monk 1999 Kateryna Dmytrivna Makova and Anton Nekrutenko 2000 Kelly Allen and Brenda E. Rodgers 2002 Federico G. Hoffmann and Jeffrey K. Wickliffe 2003 Deidre A. Parish 2004 Adam Fuller 2005 Emma M. P. Dawson 2007 Norma Salcedo (with Richard E. Strauss) and Sergio Solari 2008 Vicki J. Swier 2009 Heather N. Meeks 2010 Peter A. Larsen and Hugo Mantilla-Meluk 2011 Roxanne J. Larsen 2013 Faisal Bin Ali Anwarali Khan 2014 Matias Feijoo (with Enrique Lessa; graduated from Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay), Molly M. McDonough, and Lizette K. Siles Mendoza 2015 Maria Raquel Marchán-Rivadeneira, Julie A. Parlos, and Cibele Sotero-Caio Graduate students who completed master’s degrees 1969 Dale L. Berry 1970 Omer James Reichman 1971 William J. Bleier 1973 Brent L. Davis and Stephen L. Williams 1975 John E. Cornely, Ira F. Greenbaum, Margaret A. O’Connell, and Edward F. Pembleton 1976 John C. Patton 1978 Rebecca A. Bass 1979 Laurie Erickson, Anette Johnson, and Paul Young (with Robert L. Packard) 1980 Karen McBee 1981 Michael L. Arnold 1982 Ben F. Koop 1983 Cora Clark 1984 Kimberlyn Nelson 1985 Hae Kyung Lee 1989 Albert Kumirai 1992 Kevin L. Bowers and Mary Maltbie 1993 Shelly Witte 1995 Susan Carron 1996 Sergio Tiranti 1997 April Bates (with R. R. Monk) and Ted Jolley (with R. D. Bradley) 1998 Britney Hager (with R. R. Monk) and Ellen Roots McBride 1999 Oleksiy Knyazhnytskiy (with R. R. Monk) and Cole Matson 2000 Raegan D. King (with R. R. Monk) and Nicole Lewis-Oritt 2001 Emma M. P. Dawson, Amy S. Halter, and Mark B. O’Neill 2003 Yelena Dunina-Barkovskaya and Mariko Kageyama 2004 Rene Fonseca 2005 Holly Bjorum and Peter A. Larsen 2006 Adam Brown 2007 Tamara Enriquez and Juan Pablo Carrera 2008 Faisal Bin Ali Anwarali Khan and Maria Raquel Marchán-Rivadeneira 2009 C. Miguel Pinto View Large Table 2. Students completing graduate degrees under the supervision of Robert J. Baker at Texas Tech University. Year Names Graduate students who completed Ph.D. degrees 1973 J. Hoyt Bowers, V. Rick McDaniel, and Jerry W. Warner 1975 William J. Bleier 1976 John W. Bickham 1978 Ira F. Greenbaum and Terry L. Yates 1981 Rodney L. Honeycutt 1982 Margaret A. O’Connell 1983 Michael W. Haiduk 1984 Fred B. Stangl, Jr. 1986 Craig S. Hood and Mazin B. Qumsiyeh 1987 David C. Kerridge 1989 Meredith J. Hamilton and Ronald A. Van Den Bussche 1991 Robert D. Bradley and Alec Knight 1992 Calvin A. Porter 1993 Jonathan L. Longmire 1994 Joaquin Arroyo-Cabrales 1995 Cheryl A. Schmidt 1997 James Cathey, James A. DeWoody, Burhan Ghariebeh, Mary Maltbie, and R. Richard Monk 1999 Kateryna Dmytrivna Makova and Anton Nekrutenko 2000 Kelly Allen and Brenda E. Rodgers 2002 Federico G. Hoffmann and Jeffrey K. Wickliffe 2003 Deidre A. Parish 2004 Adam Fuller 2005 Emma M. P. Dawson 2007 Norma Salcedo (with Richard E. Strauss) and Sergio Solari 2008 Vicki J. Swier 2009 Heather N. Meeks 2010 Peter A. Larsen and Hugo Mantilla-Meluk 2011 Roxanne J. Larsen 2013 Faisal Bin Ali Anwarali Khan 2014 Matias Feijoo (with Enrique Lessa; graduated from Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay), Molly M. McDonough, and Lizette K. Siles Mendoza 2015 Maria Raquel Marchán-Rivadeneira, Julie A. Parlos, and Cibele Sotero-Caio Graduate students who completed master’s degrees 1969 Dale L. Berry 1970 Omer James Reichman 1971 William J. Bleier 1973 Brent L. Davis and Stephen L. Williams 1975 John E. Cornely, Ira F. Greenbaum, Margaret A. O’Connell, and Edward F. Pembleton 1976 John C. Patton 1978 Rebecca A. Bass 1979 Laurie Erickson, Anette Johnson, and Paul Young (with Robert L. Packard) 1980 Karen McBee 1981 Michael L. Arnold 1982 Ben F. Koop 1983 Cora Clark 1984 Kimberlyn Nelson 1985 Hae Kyung Lee 1989 Albert Kumirai 1992 Kevin L. Bowers and Mary Maltbie 1993 Shelly Witte 1995 Susan Carron 1996 Sergio Tiranti 1997 April Bates (with R. R. Monk) and Ted Jolley (with R. D. Bradley) 1998 Britney Hager (with R. R. Monk) and Ellen Roots McBride 1999 Oleksiy Knyazhnytskiy (with R. R. Monk) and Cole Matson 2000 Raegan D. King (with R. R. Monk) and Nicole Lewis-Oritt 2001 Emma M. P. Dawson, Amy S. Halter, and Mark B. O’Neill 2003 Yelena Dunina-Barkovskaya and Mariko Kageyama 2004 Rene Fonseca 2005 Holly Bjorum and Peter A. Larsen 2006 Adam Brown 2007 Tamara Enriquez and Juan Pablo Carrera 2008 Faisal Bin Ali Anwarali Khan and Maria Raquel Marchán-Rivadeneira 2009 C. Miguel Pinto Year Names Graduate students who completed Ph.D. degrees 1973 J. Hoyt Bowers, V. Rick McDaniel, and Jerry W. Warner 1975 William J. Bleier 1976 John W. Bickham 1978 Ira F. Greenbaum and Terry L. Yates 1981 Rodney L. Honeycutt 1982 Margaret A. O’Connell 1983 Michael W. Haiduk 1984 Fred B. Stangl, Jr. 1986 Craig S. Hood and Mazin B. Qumsiyeh 1987 David C. Kerridge 1989 Meredith J. Hamilton and Ronald A. Van Den Bussche 1991 Robert D. Bradley and Alec Knight 1992 Calvin A. Porter 1993 Jonathan L. Longmire 1994 Joaquin Arroyo-Cabrales 1995 Cheryl A. Schmidt 1997 James Cathey, James A. DeWoody, Burhan Ghariebeh, Mary Maltbie, and R. Richard Monk 1999 Kateryna Dmytrivna Makova and Anton Nekrutenko 2000 Kelly Allen and Brenda E. Rodgers 2002 Federico G. Hoffmann and Jeffrey K. Wickliffe 2003 Deidre A. Parish 2004 Adam Fuller 2005 Emma M. P. Dawson 2007 Norma Salcedo (with Richard E. Strauss) and Sergio Solari 2008 Vicki J. Swier 2009 Heather N. Meeks 2010 Peter A. Larsen and Hugo Mantilla-Meluk 2011 Roxanne J. Larsen 2013 Faisal Bin Ali Anwarali Khan 2014 Matias Feijoo (with Enrique Lessa; graduated from Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay), Molly M. McDonough, and Lizette K. Siles Mendoza 2015 Maria Raquel Marchán-Rivadeneira, Julie A. Parlos, and Cibele Sotero-Caio Graduate students who completed master’s degrees 1969 Dale L. Berry 1970 Omer James Reichman 1971 William J. Bleier 1973 Brent L. Davis and Stephen L. Williams 1975 John E. Cornely, Ira F. Greenbaum, Margaret A. O’Connell, and Edward F. Pembleton 1976 John C. Patton 1978 Rebecca A. Bass 1979 Laurie Erickson, Anette Johnson, and Paul Young (with Robert L. Packard) 1980 Karen McBee 1981 Michael L. Arnold 1982 Ben F. Koop 1983 Cora Clark 1984 Kimberlyn Nelson 1985 Hae Kyung Lee 1989 Albert Kumirai 1992 Kevin L. Bowers and Mary Maltbie 1993 Shelly Witte 1995 Susan Carron 1996 Sergio Tiranti 1997 April Bates (with R. R. Monk) and Ted Jolley (with R. D. Bradley) 1998 Britney Hager (with R. R. Monk) and Ellen Roots McBride 1999 Oleksiy Knyazhnytskiy (with R. R. Monk) and Cole Matson 2000 Raegan D. King (with R. R. Monk) and Nicole Lewis-Oritt 2001 Emma M. P. Dawson, Amy S. Halter, and Mark B. O’Neill 2003 Yelena Dunina-Barkovskaya and Mariko Kageyama 2004 Rene Fonseca 2005 Holly Bjorum and Peter A. Larsen 2006 Adam Brown 2007 Tamara Enriquez and Juan Pablo Carrera 2008 Faisal Bin Ali Anwarali Khan and Maria Raquel Marchán-Rivadeneira 2009 C. Miguel Pinto View Large In addition to training and supervising graduate students, Robert taught a broad array of courses in the Department of Biological Sciences, including such offerings as General Zoology, Biological Status of Man, Histology, Cytology, Evolution, Mammalogy, Advanced Mammalogy, Field Cytogenetics, Field Methods, Collection Management, and Systematic Biology. However, his favorite course was Freshman Biology for Non-majors, where he did not just give lectures, he presented performances. It is not often that you will find such a distinguished scholar who teaches freshman non-major students. The impact of this to society is enormous. What could be more important in our world than to have a leading scholar teaching students who want to become teachers, entrepreneurs, engineers, historians, writers, musicians, and others what biology is really about and how it impacts their lives. For some students, this course was transformational, resulting in their discovering a previously unknown interest in sciences, particularly biology. Throughout his career, Robert also encouraged numerous undergraduates to participate in research in his laboratory. Based on the available information, we know that at least 27 (20 men, 7 women) coauthored publications resulting from their work (Fig. 5). Fig. 5. View largeDownload slide Robert J. Baker supervising an undergraduate student researcher, Ryan Foresman, in the Biological Sciences Building, Texas Tech University, 2002. Photograph courtesy of Center for the Integration of STEM Education and Research, Texas Tech University. Fig. 5. View largeDownload slide Robert J. Baker supervising an undergraduate student researcher, Ryan Foresman, in the Biological Sciences Building, Texas Tech University, 2002. Photograph courtesy of Center for the Integration of STEM Education and Research, Texas Tech University. David Schmidly, in assessing Robert’s impact on students observed: “Robert cared about his students—he didn’t coddle them; in fact, he was often very hard and demanding of them—but he cared that they were prepared to be successful and ready for the hard work of success as scientists. He felt very strongly that they needed to be on the ‘cutting edge’ of mammalogy if they were to be successful in the job market and able to obtain grants to ensure tenure. During the 1980s and early 1990s, technological advances in DNA methodologies allowed for previously complicated and expensive methods to be utilized at university research laboratories. At first, these new DNA methods revolutionized systematic mammalogy, but later population genetics, ecology, behavioral, and other mammalian fields of study benefited from the vast amounts of information available in DNA-based studies. In 1986, at the pinnacle of his publishing career, Robert took a leave of absence from Tech and spent a year with Rodney Honeycutt, a former student, at Harvard University learning some of the new techniques of molecular biology. When asked why he did this, Robert said it was primarily for his students: ‘If they are going to be cutting edge, as I tell them they must be, then I have to be as well.’ Using many of these techniques, Robert, along with his former student Robert Bradley, in 2006 proposed the Genetic Species Concept for mammals in a seminal paper ‘Speciation in mammals and the genetic species concept’ (291, 346). Their model is commonly used to interpret speciation events in mammalogy today.” With a stable of motivated graduate students and active field and laboratory programs to support, Robert was constantly seeking sources of funding. This often consumed a major portion of his time, but the results are a testament to his ability to gather the necessary resources. Through grants and contracts, he was awarded nearly $16 million (in 2018 dollars) during his career at Texas Tech University. The National Science Foundation (NSF) supplied nearly $3 million of these dollars in support of Robert’s research on the genetics of phyllostomid bats and the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus. He also was able to gain funds from the NSF for the building of the scientific research collection of mammals and the associated cryogenics facility for storage of a large frozen tissues collection, the latter with Robert Bradley. Texas Tech University also was persuaded to match these funds to build this world-class resource. Other sources of funding for research projects ranged from private foundations, state and federal agencies, industry, private donors, and even other nations, including: American Philosophical Society, Health Protection Agency, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, National Geographic Society, National Institutes of Health, National Parks Service, New Brunswick Wildlife Trust Fund, Pantex Treatment Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program, James Sowell (private donor), State of Alaska, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas Department of Transportation, Texas Nature Conservancy, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Texas State line items, The CH Foundation (Lubbock), United States Department of Agriculture, United States Department of Defense, United States Department of Energy, and Welder Wildlife Foundation. Line item appropriations from the State of Texas provided long-term and significant support for studies of genetics and biodiversity and development of a biodiversity database. Although Robert filled several administrative and leadership roles during his tenure at Texas Tech University, none were as a Chair, Dean, Vice President of Research, or any of the traditional roles that befall many successful scientists during their twilight years. Robert did serve as Associate Chairperson of the Department of Biological Sciences (1985–1986) and as Associate Director for Research at the Museum of Texas Tech University (1972–1975); however, it is almost certain that he did so reluctantly. This is not to say that Robert did not have academic appointments or charges that placed him in positions of authority, leadership, and responsibility. For example, in 1997, Robert was selected by Chancellor John T. Montford as the faculty leader for the University Horizon Capital Campaign. This was a major, university-wide campaign to build the institutional endowment programs. Robert’s task force was to solicit donations from the university faculty, with a goal of $10 million. Chancellor Montford selected Robert because he knew it would be a difficult task to convince faculty members to contribute, and he needed an aggressive personality to take charge. During this campaign (1997–2001), Robert’s group garnered a total of $17 million in pledges from the Tech faculty. Another nontraditional administrative assignment that actually suited Robert quite well was the role of Faculty Athletics Representative to the NCAA and Big 12 Conference (2001–2008). In this position, he acted as a liaison between the academic side of the university and the Athletic Department, serving as a check and balance between coaches, compliance personnel, and the athletic director. Throughout his career, Robert helped recruit notable mammalogists as faculty members and administrators to Texas Tech University. Two of the first in this long line of mammalogists were J Knox Jones, Jr., and Dilford C. Carter. In 1971, Robert participated in a meeting with Jones and Carter along with Robert L. Packard, during which the plans were laid out for the Natural Science Research Laboratory (NSRL) attached to the Museum of Texas Tech University. This facility (2 floors, 12,184 square feet) was designed to blend graduate education and state-of-the-art research with the traditional aspects of natural history collections and was key in building the mammalogy programs at Texas Tech. Later (2004–2005), through Robert’s efforts and leadership, the NSRL underwent an expansion when President David J. Schmidly recommended funds from a donor gift be used to more than double its size (2 floors, 16,154 square feet). Robert served as Director of the NSRL from 1976 until his retirement in 2015, dealing with natural history collections, funding, personnel issues, and editing 2 scientific publication series issued by the Museum. Because of Robert’s care and breadth of scientific interests, he along with his colleagues and students were able to develop the collections available for study in the NSRL into a world-class research resource in mammalogy that will not be duplicated in the future. When Robert was hired (summer 1967), there were approximately 5,000 vouchers in the mammal collection. His first specimen catalogued in the museum collection was TTU-M 5158, a Phyllostomus hastatus from Trinidad, collected in August 1967. At the time of his death, the catalogued mammal collection numbered 136,209. The Genetic Resources Collection (GRC) of tissues and other associated material count currently stands at >370,000 samples from >100,000 individuals of >1,000 species. The enhanced value of the NSRL collections results from the fact that some specimens originated from geographic areas that no longer exist in their original condition, and many others came from locations that currently cannot be accessed because of geopolitical problems. Also, opinions about collecting of wild mammals are changing, funding sources are becoming scarce, and in a post-9/11 world, travel in general is more difficult, and travel with a mountain of scientific equipment is nearly impossible. Thus, large-scale field expeditions may be approaching their own extinction. All of these factors mean that the resources of the NSRL will make it one of the truly important sites for the study of the genetics and evolutionary biology of mammals for the foreseeable future. The NSRL may be best known for its tissue and karyotype collection, the GRC, which had its beginnings in Robert’s research laboratory. Developing a numbering system for this collection brought about several arguments and discussions with museum professionals pertaining to how to handle ancillary collections that almost certainly would be “destroyed” as they were used. For example, a tissue sample may be depleted as it is loaned out and used. Should this sample be accessioned, catalogued, and later deaccessioned? To simplify matters, in 1968, Robert developed the TK (Tissue and Karyotype) system that assigned a non-catalog number to such archived samples, thus allowing for data entry and cross-referencing to the voucher specimen, destructive sampling, and depletion of samples. Many other research laboratories and collections have followed suit. The collections of the GRC have garnered a broad-based usership in such fields as zoonoses, genomics, and metagenomics. Although it took several attempts to procure funding, another Baker dream was realized when the 2 Roberts, Baker and Bradley, received an NSF Award to convert the GRC from mechanical freezers (−80°C) to liquid nitrogen freezers (−190°C). The GRC was always a source of pride and joy for Robert and the liquid nitrogen project may have been one of his crowning achievements, or at least one of his proudest. As Director of the NSRL, Robert worked incessantly to help grow and improve all of the natural history collections. He directed the research of Museum Science students, and wrote manuscripts emphasizing the value of natural history collections to science, education, and society (349, 390, 406, 423, 427). In his final years, Robert personally donated or pledged significant funds to help ensure the continuation of the NSRL. Robert Bradley, in assessing Robert’s administrative skills, observed: “To describe Robert’s administrative style is difficult at best. Obviously, to those who knew him, he was not your prototype administrator. He was a leader and a visionary, in his own way, but mostly he had the ability to predict where ‘we’ needed to go. ‘We’ meaning the NSRL, the Biology faculty, or any facet of TTU with which he had a responsibility. His management style was reactionary and generally involved a Bakerian version of crisis management. Often, we would undergo periods of ‘stasis’ and then Robert would decide it was time to act upon whatever needed acting. When he decided that it was time to ‘act’—it was ‘Katy-bar-the-door’ time! Things were going to get done and in the quickest manner possible! In the words made famous by General George Patton and Lee Iacocca (and one of Robert’s favorites)… ‘Lead, follow, or get the hell out of the way’ was a fitting mantra.” Although busy with research, teaching, and university service, Robert made time to serve a number of professional societies. He always considered the American Society of Mammalogists to be his “home” society (joining in 1963) so it is not surprising that it received much of his service time. He held many leadership roles for the Society, being an elected member of the Board of Directors (1973–1984, 1986–1992) and serving as First Vice President (1993–1994) and then President (1994–1996). Much of his service time was devoted to editing for the Journal of Mammalogy, serving in the positions of Editor for General Notes (1972–1973), Editor for Feature Articles (1974–1975), Managing Editor (1982–1984, 1992–1993), and Journal Editor (1985–1987). Robert also served on nine Standing Committees and three ad hoc Committees for a total of 101 committee-service years. He served the longest terms, 19 years each, on the Development (1996–2015) and Resolutions (1976–1978, 1988–1994, 1996–2007) committees and for the latter he specialized in writing the host resolution for a number of years. Other committees on which he served included the following: Jackson Award, 16 years (1996–2012); Editorial, 14 (1971–1976, 1981–1987, 1991–1993); Honorary Membership, 12 (1996–2008); Nomenclature, 7 (1987–1994); Merriam Award, 6 (1977–1980, 1984–1987); Animal Care and Use, 2 (1992–1994); Membership, 2 (1970–1972); ad hoc Officers Manual, 2 (1998–2000); ad hoc Bylaws Revision, 1 (1998–1999); and ad hoc Committee on Committees, 1 (1995–1996). Robert also put his editorial skills to work for other professional societies (Table 3), as well as training his students to be editors and emphasized, “just make the decision.” He also took leadership positions in other organizations, serving as President-elect, then President of the Southwestern Association of Naturalists (1981–1982), President of the Texas Society of Mammalogists (1990), elected member of Board of Directors (2000) and President (2002) of the Texas Genetics Society, Councilor for the Society of Systematics Biologists (Class 1993), Council Member of the American Genetics Association (1993–1995), and an elected Fellow of the Texas Academy of Science (1990). Beyond his service to scientific organizations, Robert served as an active member of the Board of Directors for the Nature Conservancy of Texas (1996–1999), Board of Directors for the Helen Hodges Educational Charitable Trust (1987–2013), and as President of the Texas Panhandle Retrievers Club (1982–1983). The latter position was the result of his long-time involvement with breeding and training of golden retrievers. Table 3. Editorial positions held by Robert J. Baker beyond those for the American Society of Mammalogists and the Museum of Texas Tech University. Editorial position Journal Years served Associate Editor Systematic Zoology 1980–1982 Associate Editor Journal of Heredity 1989–1996 Associate Editor Chromosome Research 1992–1995 Associate Editor Wildlife Society Bulletin 2003–2005, 2013–2015 Editorial Board Member Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 1992–2018 Editorial Board Member Journal of Mammalian Evolution 1993–2005 Editorial Board Member Acta Chiropterologica 2003–2018 Editorial position Journal Years served Associate Editor Systematic Zoology 1980–1982 Associate Editor Journal of Heredity 1989–1996 Associate Editor Chromosome Research 1992–1995 Associate Editor Wildlife Society Bulletin 2003–2005, 2013–2015 Editorial Board Member Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 1992–2018 Editorial Board Member Journal of Mammalian Evolution 1993–2005 Editorial Board Member Acta Chiropterologica 2003–2018 View Large Table 3. Editorial positions held by Robert J. Baker beyond those for the American Society of Mammalogists and the Museum of Texas Tech University. Editorial position Journal Years served Associate Editor Systematic Zoology 1980–1982 Associate Editor Journal of Heredity 1989–1996 Associate Editor Chromosome Research 1992–1995 Associate Editor Wildlife Society Bulletin 2003–2005, 2013–2015 Editorial Board Member Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 1992–2018 Editorial Board Member Journal of Mammalian Evolution 1993–2005 Editorial Board Member Acta Chiropterologica 2003–2018 Editorial position Journal Years served Associate Editor Systematic Zoology 1980–1982 Associate Editor Journal of Heredity 1989–1996 Associate Editor Chromosome Research 1992–1995 Associate Editor Wildlife Society Bulletin 2003–2005, 2013–2015 Editorial Board Member Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 1992–2018 Editorial Board Member Journal of Mammalian Evolution 1993–2005 Editorial Board Member Acta Chiropterologica 2003–2018 View Large After a long and distinguished career, it is not surprising that Robert received many awards and recognitions, but in total his record minimally can be said to be impressive. He was recognized by his home institution, Texas Tech University, at least 10 times (Table 4) at a number of levels in the organization—undergraduate students, graduate students, College of Arts and Sciences, Athletic Department, Vice President for Research, and several other higher administrative levels. Of all the awards that he received from the university, it seemed to us that the first he received gave him the most pleasure as he always proudly signed his name as a Paul Whitfield Horn Professor. At the time of his death, Robert was the most honored member of the American Society of Mammalogists, having received 3 of the Society’s top awards—Merriam for research, Jackson for contribution to the ASM, and Grinnell for education—and the organization’s highest recognition, election as an Honorary Member. He was an Honorary Member of the Texas Society of Mammalogists, received 2 of the highest awards from the Southwestern Association of Naturalists, and highest recognitions of the North American Society for Bat Research and Mexican Association of Mammalogists. He was named the Distinguished Texas Scientist in 2007, an award whose first recipient was the medical pioneer Michael DeBakey. The Texas Genetics Society recognized Robert with its 2 highest awards, and he was a co-author of a paper recognized by the Ecological Society of America. Finally, Robert was recognized as a Distinguished Alumnus of 2 of his alma maters. Table 4. Awards and recognitions received by Robert J. Baker during his career at Texas Tech University. Presenting organization/institution Year Award/recognition Purpose Texas Tech University 1979 Paul Whitfield Horn Professorship University’s highest faculty honor College of Arts and Sciences, Texas Tech University 1980, 1986 Faculty Research Award Recognition for excellence in research within the college Texas Tech University 1987 President’s Award for Excellence in Education Demonstration of strong leadership and service within the university Office of Vice President for Research, Texas Tech University 1989 Barnie E. Rushing, Jr., Faculty Distinguished Research Award Recognition of excellence in research, scholarship, and creative activity Texas Tech University System 1998 Grover E. Murray Education Award Outstanding contributions to higher education Texas Tech University Athletic Department 2000 Recognition Award Contributions to total development of student athletes TTU Association of Biologists (Graduate Student Association) 2001 Award for Excellence in Graduate Education Outstanding graduate education in biology Texas Tech University 2001 Teaching Academy Promotion of teaching excellence and service to university teaching Texas Tech University Student Housing 2002 Professing Excellence Student-presented recognition to outstanding faculty who impact their students’ learning and academic success Phi Beta Kappa, Texas Tech University 2007 Outstanding Faculty Mentor Recognition of mentoring university students American Society of Mammalogists 1980 C. Hart Merriam Award Recognition of outstanding research contributions to the science of mammalogy American Society of Mammalogists 1994 Hartley H. T. Jackson Award Recognition of long and outstanding service to the American Society of Mammalogists American Society of Mammalogists 2000 Joseph Grinnell Award Recognition of excellence in education in mammalogy American Society of Mammalogists 2005 Honorary Member Conferred in recognition of a distinguished career in service to mammalogy Texas Society of Mammalogists 1997 Honorary Member Recognition of a career in service and study of Texas mammals Southwestern Association of Naturalists 1993 Don Tinkle Award for Research Recognition of significant contributions to the knowledge and understanding of the biota of the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America Southwestern Association of Naturalists 2002 Robert L. Packard Award for Education Recognition of significant contributions to the understanding of the biota of the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America through teaching or presenting scientific information to the general public North American Society for Bat Research 2009 Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., Award Recognition of outstanding service and contributions to the field of chiropteran biology Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología 2012 José Ticul Álvarez Solórzano Award Recognition of research on any topic that impacts the vision and development of Mexican mammalogy Texas Academy of Science 2007 Distinguished Texas Scientist Reflects distinguished contributions to science through research and publication that has garnered recognition at the national and international level Texas Genetics Society 2005 Barbara Bowman Distinguished Texas Geneticist Award Recognition of outstanding geneticists who have made major contributions to the field of genetics Texas Genetics Society 2007 Distinguished Service Award Recognition of outstanding service to the Texas Genetics Society Ecological Society of America 2007 Sustainability Science Award Recognition of the authors of a peer reviewed paper that makes the greatest contribution to the emerging science of ecosystem and regional sustainability through the integration of ecological and social sciences University of Arkansas Monticello 1981 Distinguished Alumnus Award Recognition of outstanding service to one’s profession, community, and alma mater Oklahoma State University Alumni Association 2001 Distinguished Alumnus Award Recognition of one’s distinctive success in his or her chosen field or profession, or performs outstanding service to their community Presenting organization/institution Year Award/recognition Purpose Texas Tech University 1979 Paul Whitfield Horn Professorship University’s highest faculty honor College of Arts and Sciences, Texas Tech University 1980, 1986 Faculty Research Award Recognition for excellence in research within the college Texas Tech University 1987 President’s Award for Excellence in Education Demonstration of strong leadership and service within the university Office of Vice President for Research, Texas Tech University 1989 Barnie E. Rushing, Jr., Faculty Distinguished Research Award Recognition of excellence in research, scholarship, and creative activity Texas Tech University System 1998 Grover E. Murray Education Award Outstanding contributions to higher education Texas Tech University Athletic Department 2000 Recognition Award Contributions to total development of student athletes TTU Association of Biologists (Graduate Student Association) 2001 Award for Excellence in Graduate Education Outstanding graduate education in biology Texas Tech University 2001 Teaching Academy Promotion of teaching excellence and service to university teaching Texas Tech University Student Housing 2002 Professing Excellence Student-presented recognition to outstanding faculty who impact their students’ learning and academic success Phi Beta Kappa, Texas Tech University 2007 Outstanding Faculty Mentor Recognition of mentoring university students American Society of Mammalogists 1980 C. Hart Merriam Award Recognition of outstanding research contributions to the science of mammalogy American Society of Mammalogists 1994 Hartley H. T. Jackson Award Recognition of long and outstanding service to the American Society of Mammalogists American Society of Mammalogists 2000 Joseph Grinnell Award Recognition of excellence in education in mammalogy American Society of Mammalogists 2005 Honorary Member Conferred in recognition of a distinguished career in service to mammalogy Texas Society of Mammalogists 1997 Honorary Member Recognition of a career in service and study of Texas mammals Southwestern Association of Naturalists 1993 Don Tinkle Award for Research Recognition of significant contributions to the knowledge and understanding of the biota of the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America Southwestern Association of Naturalists 2002 Robert L. Packard Award for Education Recognition of significant contributions to the understanding of the biota of the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America through teaching or presenting scientific information to the general public North American Society for Bat Research 2009 Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., Award Recognition of outstanding service and contributions to the field of chiropteran biology Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología 2012 José Ticul Álvarez Solórzano Award Recognition of research on any topic that impacts the vision and development of Mexican mammalogy Texas Academy of Science 2007 Distinguished Texas Scientist Reflects distinguished contributions to science through research and publication that has garnered recognition at the national and international level Texas Genetics Society 2005 Barbara Bowman Distinguished Texas Geneticist Award Recognition of outstanding geneticists who have made major contributions to the field of genetics Texas Genetics Society 2007 Distinguished Service Award Recognition of outstanding service to the Texas Genetics Society Ecological Society of America 2007 Sustainability Science Award Recognition of the authors of a peer reviewed paper that makes the greatest contribution to the emerging science of ecosystem and regional sustainability through the integration of ecological and social sciences University of Arkansas Monticello 1981 Distinguished Alumnus Award Recognition of outstanding service to one’s profession, community, and alma mater Oklahoma State University Alumni Association 2001 Distinguished Alumnus Award Recognition of one’s distinctive success in his or her chosen field or profession, or performs outstanding service to their community View Large Table 4. Awards and recognitions received by Robert J. Baker during his career at Texas Tech University. Presenting organization/institution Year Award/recognition Purpose Texas Tech University 1979 Paul Whitfield Horn Professorship University’s highest faculty honor College of Arts and Sciences, Texas Tech University 1980, 1986 Faculty Research Award Recognition for excellence in research within the college Texas Tech University 1987 President’s Award for Excellence in Education Demonstration of strong leadership and service within the university Office of Vice President for Research, Texas Tech University 1989 Barnie E. Rushing, Jr., Faculty Distinguished Research Award Recognition of excellence in research, scholarship, and creative activity Texas Tech University System 1998 Grover E. Murray Education Award Outstanding contributions to higher education Texas Tech University Athletic Department 2000 Recognition Award Contributions to total development of student athletes TTU Association of Biologists (Graduate Student Association) 2001 Award for Excellence in Graduate Education Outstanding graduate education in biology Texas Tech University 2001 Teaching Academy Promotion of teaching excellence and service to university teaching Texas Tech University Student Housing 2002 Professing Excellence Student-presented recognition to outstanding faculty who impact their students’ learning and academic success Phi Beta Kappa, Texas Tech University 2007 Outstanding Faculty Mentor Recognition of mentoring university students American Society of Mammalogists 1980 C. Hart Merriam Award Recognition of outstanding research contributions to the science of mammalogy American Society of Mammalogists 1994 Hartley H. T. Jackson Award Recognition of long and outstanding service to the American Society of Mammalogists American Society of Mammalogists 2000 Joseph Grinnell Award Recognition of excellence in education in mammalogy American Society of Mammalogists 2005 Honorary Member Conferred in recognition of a distinguished career in service to mammalogy Texas Society of Mammalogists 1997 Honorary Member Recognition of a career in service and study of Texas mammals Southwestern Association of Naturalists 1993 Don Tinkle Award for Research Recognition of significant contributions to the knowledge and understanding of the biota of the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America Southwestern Association of Naturalists 2002 Robert L. Packard Award for Education Recognition of significant contributions to the understanding of the biota of the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America through teaching or presenting scientific information to the general public North American Society for Bat Research 2009 Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., Award Recognition of outstanding service and contributions to the field of chiropteran biology Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología 2012 José Ticul Álvarez Solórzano Award Recognition of research on any topic that impacts the vision and development of Mexican mammalogy Texas Academy of Science 2007 Distinguished Texas Scientist Reflects distinguished contributions to science through research and publication that has garnered recognition at the national and international level Texas Genetics Society 2005 Barbara Bowman Distinguished Texas Geneticist Award Recognition of outstanding geneticists who have made major contributions to the field of genetics Texas Genetics Society 2007 Distinguished Service Award Recognition of outstanding service to the Texas Genetics Society Ecological Society of America 2007 Sustainability Science Award Recognition of the authors of a peer reviewed paper that makes the greatest contribution to the emerging science of ecosystem and regional sustainability through the integration of ecological and social sciences University of Arkansas Monticello 1981 Distinguished Alumnus Award Recognition of outstanding service to one’s profession, community, and alma mater Oklahoma State University Alumni Association 2001 Distinguished Alumnus Award Recognition of one’s distinctive success in his or her chosen field or profession, or performs outstanding service to their community Presenting organization/institution Year Award/recognition Purpose Texas Tech University 1979 Paul Whitfield Horn Professorship University’s highest faculty honor College of Arts and Sciences, Texas Tech University 1980, 1986 Faculty Research Award Recognition for excellence in research within the college Texas Tech University 1987 President’s Award for Excellence in Education Demonstration of strong leadership and service within the university Office of Vice President for Research, Texas Tech University 1989 Barnie E. Rushing, Jr., Faculty Distinguished Research Award Recognition of excellence in research, scholarship, and creative activity Texas Tech University System 1998 Grover E. Murray Education Award Outstanding contributions to higher education Texas Tech University Athletic Department 2000 Recognition Award Contributions to total development of student athletes TTU Association of Biologists (Graduate Student Association) 2001 Award for Excellence in Graduate Education Outstanding graduate education in biology Texas Tech University 2001 Teaching Academy Promotion of teaching excellence and service to university teaching Texas Tech University Student Housing 2002 Professing Excellence Student-presented recognition to outstanding faculty who impact their students’ learning and academic success Phi Beta Kappa, Texas Tech University 2007 Outstanding Faculty Mentor Recognition of mentoring university students American Society of Mammalogists 1980 C. Hart Merriam Award Recognition of outstanding research contributions to the science of mammalogy American Society of Mammalogists 1994 Hartley H. T. Jackson Award Recognition of long and outstanding service to the American Society of Mammalogists American Society of Mammalogists 2000 Joseph Grinnell Award Recognition of excellence in education in mammalogy American Society of Mammalogists 2005 Honorary Member Conferred in recognition of a distinguished career in service to mammalogy Texas Society of Mammalogists 1997 Honorary Member Recognition of a career in service and study of Texas mammals Southwestern Association of Naturalists 1993 Don Tinkle Award for Research Recognition of significant contributions to the knowledge and understanding of the biota of the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America Southwestern Association of Naturalists 2002 Robert L. Packard Award for Education Recognition of significant contributions to the understanding of the biota of the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America through teaching or presenting scientific information to the general public North American Society for Bat Research 2009 Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., Award Recognition of outstanding service and contributions to the field of chiropteran biology Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología 2012 José Ticul Álvarez Solórzano Award Recognition of research on any topic that impacts the vision and development of Mexican mammalogy Texas Academy of Science 2007 Distinguished Texas Scientist Reflects distinguished contributions to science through research and publication that has garnered recognition at the national and international level Texas Genetics Society 2005 Barbara Bowman Distinguished Texas Geneticist Award Recognition of outstanding geneticists who have made major contributions to the field of genetics Texas Genetics Society 2007 Distinguished Service Award Recognition of outstanding service to the Texas Genetics Society Ecological Society of America 2007 Sustainability Science Award Recognition of the authors of a peer reviewed paper that makes the greatest contribution to the emerging science of ecosystem and regional sustainability through the integration of ecological and social sciences University of Arkansas Monticello 1981 Distinguished Alumnus Award Recognition of outstanding service to one’s profession, community, and alma mater Oklahoma State University Alumni Association 2001 Distinguished Alumnus Award Recognition of one’s distinctive success in his or her chosen field or profession, or performs outstanding service to their community View Large Another form of recognition, unique to systematic biology, is the naming of new taxa in honor of a person or persons. These are known as patronyms and their formation and use are governed by the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Robert has been recognized by having 7 species or subspecies named in his honor (Table 5). Six of the species-subspecies are new mammals and the seventh is a parasitic mite known from the Neotropical bat Phyllostomus hastatus. Of the mammals, 4 are Neotropical bats and 2 are rodents—one a pocket gopher and the other a harvest mouse. We expect there will be additional patronyms in Robert’s honor in the future. Table 5. Patronyms honoring Robert J. Baker. Order Name Author(s) Description Mesostigmata Parichoronyssus bakeri Morales-Malacara and Guerrero (2007) A parasitic mite hosted by the bat Phyllostomus hastatus taken from Parque National Manu, Madre de Dios, Peru Chiroptera Glossophaga commissarisi bakeri Webster and Jones (1987) A nectar-feeding bat from near Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia Chiroptera Tonatia saurophila bakeri Williams et al. (1995) An omnivorous bat from the Darién of Panamá Chiroptera Sturnira bakeri Velazco and Patterson (2014) A fruit-eating bat from El Oro Province, Ecuador Chiroptera Uroderma bakeri Mantilla-Meluk (2014) A fruit-eating bat from Miranda, Venezuela Rodentia Geomys texensis bakeri Smolen et al. (1993) A pocket gopher from Medina Co., Texas Rodentia Reithrodontomys bakeri Bradley et al. (2004) A harvest mouse from central Guerrero, Mexico Order Name Author(s) Description Mesostigmata Parichoronyssus bakeri Morales-Malacara and Guerrero (2007) A parasitic mite hosted by the bat Phyllostomus hastatus taken from Parque National Manu, Madre de Dios, Peru Chiroptera Glossophaga commissarisi bakeri Webster and Jones (1987) A nectar-feeding bat from near Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia Chiroptera Tonatia saurophila bakeri Williams et al. (1995) An omnivorous bat from the Darién of Panamá Chiroptera Sturnira bakeri Velazco and Patterson (2014) A fruit-eating bat from El Oro Province, Ecuador Chiroptera Uroderma bakeri Mantilla-Meluk (2014) A fruit-eating bat from Miranda, Venezuela Rodentia Geomys texensis bakeri Smolen et al. (1993) A pocket gopher from Medina Co., Texas Rodentia Reithrodontomys bakeri Bradley et al. (2004) A harvest mouse from central Guerrero, Mexico View Large Table 5. Patronyms honoring Robert J. Baker. Order Name Author(s) Description Mesostigmata Parichoronyssus bakeri Morales-Malacara and Guerrero (2007) A parasitic mite hosted by the bat Phyllostomus hastatus taken from Parque National Manu, Madre de Dios, Peru Chiroptera Glossophaga commissarisi bakeri Webster and Jones (1987) A nectar-feeding bat from near Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia Chiroptera Tonatia saurophila bakeri Williams et al. (1995) An omnivorous bat from the Darién of Panamá Chiroptera Sturnira bakeri Velazco and Patterson (2014) A fruit-eating bat from El Oro Province, Ecuador Chiroptera Uroderma bakeri Mantilla-Meluk (2014) A fruit-eating bat from Miranda, Venezuela Rodentia Geomys texensis bakeri Smolen et al. (1993) A pocket gopher from Medina Co., Texas Rodentia Reithrodontomys bakeri Bradley et al. (2004) A harvest mouse from central Guerrero, Mexico Order Name Author(s) Description Mesostigmata Parichoronyssus bakeri Morales-Malacara and Guerrero (2007) A parasitic mite hosted by the bat Phyllostomus hastatus taken from Parque National Manu, Madre de Dios, Peru Chiroptera Glossophaga commissarisi bakeri Webster and Jones (1987) A nectar-feeding bat from near Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia Chiroptera Tonatia saurophila bakeri Williams et al. (1995) An omnivorous bat from the Darién of Panamá Chiroptera Sturnira bakeri Velazco and Patterson (2014) A fruit-eating bat from El Oro Province, Ecuador Chiroptera Uroderma bakeri Mantilla-Meluk (2014) A fruit-eating bat from Miranda, Venezuela Rodentia Geomys texensis bakeri Smolen et al. (1993) A pocket gopher from Medina Co., Texas Rodentia Reithrodontomys bakeri Bradley et al. (2004) A harvest mouse from central Guerrero, Mexico View Large With all of his university and professional activities, it would seem that Robert had very little time for a private life, but nothing could be further from the truth because he and Laura always had time for family, friends, colleagues, and especially for students. Many times, in the later years, these activities were carried out at the “DNA Works” ranch near Afton, Texas. This part of Texas is the Rolling Plains just to the east of the caprock of the Llano Estacado, characterized by interspersed grasslands and mesquite and other brush. This was an excellent area for cattle and a variety of wildlife, and Robert made full use of both opportunities. The main ranch at Afton (and nearby smaller properties) was the last in a string of property acquisitions and sales for the Bakers. For nearly 3 decades, Robert and Laura owned a variety of properties at varying distances and spanning several directions of the compass from Lubbock. The earlier locations ranged from Post, to Dimmit, Clarendon, and Polar, but his main love was the 900-acre ranch at Afton, with a house and 10-acre lake. After acquiring this property, his further acquisitions were increasingly centered on Afton. Baker’s love of biology, especially genetics, extended into his personal life. He used genetics to breed a hardy line of golden retrievers that were as happy lying on a couch as breaking ice for a mallard duck on a frozen West Texas playa. In his younger years, Robert was an avid competitor with his dogs in retriever field trials. He would generally take a break in the late afternoon to train for an hour, and grab something to eat, before returning to the lab. He was a tough taskmaster, but he loved his dogs and they returned his devotion with obedience and companionship. In his later years, he entered the registered Angus business and befriended an 80+-year-old “cow” woman named Minnie Lou Bradley. Minnie owned and operated the Bradley 3 Ranch near Memphis, Texas, with her daughter and son-in-law. Robert and Minnie exchanged letters over the best bulls for Robert to run in his herd. It was entertaining to listen to the 2 of them discussing EPDs (expected progeny differences) and line breeding. Robert’s commitment to genetics can be seen in his brand (a double helix) and his ranch name, DNA Works. In his late 60s, he even went “rogue” and got his brand tattooed on his shoulder. He loved to say, “If it’s good enough for my cows, it’s good enough for me!” However, the cattle were not universally loved in the family because after a long day working with the cattle, Laura was heard to say to Robert: “The cattle are only good for losing our money and wasting your friends’ time.” Working cows with Robert was an adventure. During the early years of ranching, Robert did not have very good equipment, so tagging, vaccinating, and branding was more like a prison rodeo than an organized ranching event. Later, Robert designed the “crème de la crème” of working pens. These pens were formidable and elaborate. The only problem was, Robert worked and organized everything exactly the opposite a “normal” human would do. So even with the best equipment possible, it was a challenge. Helpers generally questioned his Ph.D. by the time they were finished. Days at the Afton ranch could be a lot of fun when it was not necessary to work the cattle, especially if you were a child. The pond at the ranch was always filled with hungry sunfish, crappie, bass, and catfish and Robert had cane poles for all takers. He delighted in seeing the children of friends and students pulling out one fish after another. He was quick to clean the fish and then get them into the fryer and onto a plate in less than 30 min. Even the pickiest child could not resist trying the fish that they had just caught. Robert’s true passion was hunting, and happiness for him was a day of chasing pheasants or bringing down mallards with a golden retriever by his side or hiking the mountains of New Mexico hunting mule deer or wapiti. His properties presented many hunting opportunities depending upon the season. There were mourning doves, bobwhite quail, wild turkey, ring-necked pheasants, various species of ducks, jackrabbits, white-tailed deer, and wild hogs. Robert was always a strong proponent of hunter ethics and gun safety rules. All of the take from a day’s hunt would be frozen, served up for dinner, or donated to appreciative friends and neighbors. Although Robert was an avid hunter and outdoorsman, his views on gun control and gun rights were surprisingly to the left. He was a member of the NRA but quit when they refused to support bans on assault weapons. He supported gun registration, safety training, and locking mechanisms to keep guns from the hands of children. Few have run more shells through a shotgun, yet he supported common sense gun regulation, tracking, and control. As an academic, Robert had several attributes that he espoused, whether in words or actions. We expect these were infused into many of his students, whether they realize it or not. We have gleaned the following characteristics from our experiences with Robert, but our choices are obviously idiosyncratic. We hope they help convey something of his philosophy, attitudes, and efforts. Inspire and motivate your students: We consider this his biggest gift to us. Be opportunistic: This characteristic applied to his research (taking advantage of local fauna), funding (he obtained line-item funding from the State for several of his projects), and recruiting of students. Teach undergraduates: Robert took pride in teaching undergraduate classes. He considered it an opportunity and a part of his legacy rather than a task. Think BIG and small: He maintained a vision for the big picture but also was happy to undertake small-scale studies. The latter were especially effective with undergraduate students, because small projects were manageable enough that the students could learn all dimensions of research. Be honorable: Robert always conveyed a sense of trust, whether in being generous with authorship or in his interacting with others. Persevere: Robert faced several major setbacks, certainly beginning with his diagnosis with diabetes early in his career and the aforementioned retracting of the Nature paper on Chernobyl mice. Publish with your students: Robert instilled an attitude of publishing as a key to success because he understood that the final step of the scientific method is publishing your results. He led by example, driving to publish paper after paper. Professional service: As scientists, Robert expected his students to find and become involved in professional organizations. This was good for their careers and it was a way to pay it forward. James Bull, who was his undergraduate student at Texas Tech and now is a member of the National Academy of Science, remembers Robert’s mentoring: “Reading these pages gives a sense of someone who accomplished four times the work and recognition expected of a ‘run-of-the-mill’ over-achiever. But for those lucky enough to work with Robert, he was even more remarkable as a friend and mentor. Being around him gave one a sense of vitality and of belonging; we felt part of his family; we felt important to him. Lots of his friends felt that they were his best friend. In the lab, he conferred on his students a sense of purpose and confidence in themselves. And he could accomplish this whether in a one-on-one interaction or when leading a group of 10. He had an unusual ability to inspire a person to achieve more than one ever imagined possible. His confidence in his students transferred to them so to become part of each student’s psyche. His enthusiasm was infectious. Working with him was not always bliss, of course. He did not conceal his emotions, and his emotions ran strong both positive and negative. But being yelled at or criticized by Robert was not a rejection, not an emotional downer, it merely made one feel part of his family (perhaps not at the moment). It was part of the excitement of going through life with him at his pace. For those of us close to him, his ability to make us feel part of his life, to feel important, and to share in his excitement is what we will miss the most.” In a speech delivered in 1905, dubbed the “Strenuous Man,” Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt, the 26th President of the United States, famously claimed that in life “the credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood, who strives valiantly, … who knows the great enthusiasms, the great devotions, who spends himself for a worthy cause; who, at the best, knows, in the end, the triumph of high achievement, and who, at the worst, if he fails, at least he fails while daring greatly, so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who knew neither victory nor defeat” (Roosevelt 1905). So, in conclusion, we believe Roosevelt was correct—the credit does belong to the man in the arena. That is where Robert J. Baker chose to spend his life and career. A country boy from Arkansas, who lost his father in World War II, and grew up reciting the Bible, became a world-class teacher and scholar who taught us much about the natural world and life. What a Story!! Literature Cited Bradley , R. D. , F. Mendez-Harclerode , M. J. Hamilton , and G. Ceballos . 2004 . A new species of Reithrodontomys from Guerrero, Mexico . Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 231 : 1 – 12 . Johansson , F . 2006 . The Medici Effect: what elephants and epidemics can teach us about innovation . Harvard Business School Press , Brighton, Massachusetts . Kohler , R. E . 2002 . Landscapes and labscapes: exploring the lab-field border in biology . University of Chicago Press , Chicago, Illinois . Mantilla-Meluk , H . 2014 . Defining species and species boundaries in Uroderma (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) with a description of a new species . Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 325 : 1 – 25 . Miller , G. S. , Jr . 1907 . The families and genera of bats . Bulletin of the United States National Museum 57 : 1 – 282 . Morales-Malacara , J. B. , and R. Guerrero . 2007 . A new species of Parichoronyssus (Acari: Dermanyssoidea: Macronyssidae) from bats of the genus Phyllostomus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in Peru and Venezuela, with keys to the species of Parichoronyssus . Journal of Medical Entomology 44 : 8 – 13 . Google Scholar CrossRef Search ADS PubMed Roosevelt , T . 1905 . The strenuous life . Century , New York . Schmidly , D. J. , R. D. Bradley , L. C. Bradley , and R. D. Stevens . 2017 . A timeline of significant events in the development of North American mammalogy . Special Publication, Museum of Texas Tech University 66 : 1 – 37 . Smolen , M. J. , R. M. Pitts , and J. W. Bickham . 1993 . A new subspecies of pocket gopher (Geomys) from Texas (Mammalia: Rodentia: Geomyidae) . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 106 : 5 – 23 . Velazco , P. M. , and B. D. Patterson . 2014 . Two new species of yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira Gray, 1842 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) from Costa Rica, Panama and western Ecuador . ZooKeys 402 : 43 – 66 . Google Scholar CrossRef Search ADS Webster , W. D. , and J. K. Jones , Jr . 1987 . A new subspecies of Glossophaga commissarisi (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from South America . Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 109 : 1 – 6 . Williams , S. L. , M. R. Willig , and F. A. Reid . 1995 . Review of the Tonatia bidens complex (Mammalia: Chiroptera), with descriptions of two new subspecies . Journal of Mammalogy 76 : 612 – 626 . Google Scholar CrossRef Search ADS Bibliography of the Published Works of Robert J. Baker 1965 1. Late fall reproduction in the desert shrew. Journal of Mammalogy 46:330 (Baker and D. L. Spencer). 2. Vespertilio subulatus Say, 1823: proposed suppression under the plenary powers (Mammalia, Chiroptera) Z.N.(S.) 1701. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 22:204–205 (B. P. Glass and Baker). [Reprinted in: Selected readings in mammalogy. 1976. (J. K. Jones, Jr., S. Anderson, and R. S. Hoffmann, eds.). Monograph of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 5:29–30.] 1966 3. Geographic and ecological range of the long-nosed bats, Leptonycteris. Journal of Mammalogy 47:329–331 (Baker and E. L. Cockrum). 4. Notes on bats from Sonora, Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 11:310–311 (Baker and L. Christianson). 1967 5. Distribution of bats in southeastern Arkansas. Journal of Mammalogy 48:130–132 (Baker and C. M. Ward). 6. Karyotypes and karyotypic variation of North American vespertilionid bats. Journal of Mammalogy 48:270–286 (Baker and J. L. Patton). 7. Additional records of bats from Arizona and Sinaloa. Southwestern Naturalist 12:195 (D. W. Irwin and Baker). 8. Karyotypes of bats of the family Phyllostomidae and their taxonomic implications. Southwestern Naturalist 12:407–428. 1968 9. The multiple sex chromosome system of American leaf-nosed bats (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae). Cytogenetics 7:27–38 (T. C. Hsu, Baker, and T. Utakoji). 10. The status of the name Myotis subulatus Say. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 81:257–260 (B. P. Glass and Baker). 11. Notes on some bats of Tamaulipas. Southwestern Naturalist 13:361–362 (Baker and G. Lopez). 12. Intraspecific chromosome variation in the bat, Macrotus waterhousii Gray. Journal of Mammalogy 49:706–712 (W. A. Nelson-Rees, A. J. Kniazeff, Baker, and J. L. Patton). 13. Comments on the systematic status of vampire bats (family Desmodontidae). Systematic Zoology 17:417–425 (G. L. Forman, Baker, and J. D. Gerber). [Reprinted in: Selected readings in mammalogy. 1976. (J. K. Jones, Jr., S. Anderson, and R. S. Hoffmann, eds.). Monograph of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 5:75–83.] 14. [Review of] An atlas of mammalian chromosomes, Vol. II, by T. C. Hsu and K. Benirschke. Springer-Verlag, New York. Journal of Mammalogy 49:797–798. 1969 15. Karyotypic analyses of the genus Neotoma (Cricetidae, Rodentia). Cytogenetics 8:187–198 (Baker and J. T. Mascarello). 16. Chromosomes of some vespertilionid bats of the genera Lasiurus and Plecotus. Southwestern Naturalist 14:249–251 (Baker and J. T. Mascarello). 1970 17. Further studies on the sex-chromosome systems of the American leaf-nosed bats (Chiroptera, Phyllostomatidae). Cytogenetics 9:131–138 (Baker and T. C. Hsu). 18. Chromosomes of the desert shrew, Notiosorex crawfordi (Coues). Southwestern Naturalist 14:448–449 (Baker and T. C. Hsu). 19. Polymorphism in the somatic chromosomes of Neotoma micropus Baird, the plains woodrat. Experientia 26:426–428 (Baker, J. T. Mascarello, and R. G. Jordan). 20. Karyotypic trends in bats. Pp. 65–96 in Biology of bats, Vol. I (W. A. Wimsatt, ed.). Academic Press, New York. 21. Chromosomal variation in bats of the genus Uroderma (Phyllostomatidae). Journal of Mammalogy 51:786–789 (Baker and G. Lopez). 22. The role of karyotypes in phylogenetic studies of bats. Pp. 303–312 in About bats (B. H. Slaughter and D. W. Walton, eds.). Southern Methodist University Press, Dallas, Texas. 23. Karyotypic studies of the insular populations of bats on Puerto Rico. Caryologia 23:465–472 (Baker and G. Lopez). 24. Chromosomal studies of some Neotropical bats of the families Emballonuridae, Noctilionidae, Natalidae, and Vespertilionidae. Caryologia 23:595–604 (Baker and R. G. Jordan). 1971 25. Karyotypes of bats of the subfamily Carolliinae (Mammalia: Phyllostomatidae) and their evolutionary implications. Experientia 27:220–222 (Baker and W. J. Bleier). 26. Morphological variation in Stenoderma rufum. Journal of Mammalogy 52:244–247 (J. K. Jones, Jr., H. H. Genoways, and Baker). 27. Apparent convergence of karyotypes in two species of pocket gophers of the genus Thomomys (Mammalia, Rodentia). Cytogenetics 10:1–9 (D. L. Berry and Baker). 28. Chromosomes of Elaphe subocularis (Reptilia: Serpentes), with the description of an in vivo technique for preparation of snake chromosomes. Experientia 27:1228–1229 (Baker, J. J. Bull, and G. A. Mengden). 29. Notes on Lasiurus ega. Journal of Mammalogy 52:849–852 (Baker, T. R. Mollhagen, and G. Lopez). 30. Chromosome morphology of North American Rattus rattus (L.) (Muridae). Cytologia 36:417–420 (B. L. Davis and Baker). 1972 31. Hormonal control of “delayed development” in Macrotus waterhousii. I. Changes in plasma thyroxine during pregnancy and lactation. General and Comparative Endocrinology 18:54–58 (J. M. Burns, Baker, and W. J. Bleier). 32. Distribution and movements of two species of pocket gophers (Geomyidae) in an area of sympatry in the Davis Mountains, Texas. Journal of Mammalogy 53:21–33 (O. J. Reichman and Baker). 33. The phyllostomatid bat, Vampyressa brocki in Colombia. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 71:54 (Baker, H. H. Genoways, and A. Cadena). 34. Karyotypic studies of thirty-eight species of North American snakes. Copeia 1972:257–265 (Baker, G. A. Mengden, and J. J. Bull). 35. Chromosomes of pocket gophers of the genus Pappogeomys, subgenus Cratogeomys. Journal of Mammalogy 53:303–309 (D. L. Berry and Baker). 36. Tadarida aurispinosa in Sonora, Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 17:308–309 (Baker and J. K. Jones, Jr.). 37. A live-trap for pocket gophers. Journal of Wildlife Management 36:1320–1322 (Baker and S. L. Williams). 38. Chromosomal polymorphism in the phyllostomatid bat, Mimon crenulatum (Geoffroy). Experientia 28:969–970 (Baker, A. L. Gardner, and J. L. Patton). 39. Stenoderma rufum. Mammalian Species 18:1–4 (H. H. Genoways and Baker). 40. A new subspecies of Uroderma bilobatum (Chiroptera: Phyllostomatidae) from Middle America. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 7:1–4 (Baker and V. R. McDaniel). 41. Karyology and morphometrics of Peters’ tent-making bat, Uroderma bilobatum Peters (Chiroptera, Phyllostomatidae). Systematic Zoology 21:414–429 (Baker, W. R. Atchley, and V. R. McDaniel). 1973 42. Comparative cytogenetics of the New World leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomatidae). Periodicum Biologorum 75:37–45. 43. Chromosomal variation in the plains pocket gopher, Geomys bursarius major. Journal of Mammalogy 54:765–769 (Baker, S. L. Williams, and J. C. Patton). 44. Nongeographic variation in the long-nosed bat, Choeroniscus intermedius. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 72:106–107 (H. H. Genoways, Baker, and W. B. Wyatt). 45. Two species of bats new to the fauna of Trinidad. Mammalia 37:362–363 (H. H. Genoways, Baker, and R. S. Loregnard). 46. Chromosomal, electrophoretic, and breeding studies of selected populations of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and black-eared mice (P. melanotis). Evolution 27:378–386 (J. H. Bowers, Baker, and M. H. Smith). [Reprinted in: Selected readings in mammalogy. 1976. (J. K. Jones, Jr., S. Anderson, and R. S. Hoffmann, eds.). Monograph of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 5:84–92.] 47. Cytotypes and morphometrics of two phyllostomatid bats, Micronycteris hirsuta and Vampyressa pusilla. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 17:1–10 (Baker, H. H. Genoways, W. J. Bleier, and J. W. Warner). 1974 48. Geomys tropicalis. Mammalian Species 35:1–4 (Baker and S. L. Williams). 49. Geomys arenarius. Mammalian Species 36:1–3 (S. L. Williams and Baker). 50. Morphometrics, evolution, and cytotaxonomy of mainland bats of the genus Macrotus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomatidae). Systematic Zoology 23:26–39 (B. L. Davis and Baker). 51. Karyotypic analyses of twenty-one species of molossid bats (Molossidae: Chiroptera). Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 16:165–176 (J. W. Warner, J. L. Patton, A. L. Gardner, and Baker). 52. A chromosome banding analysis of the mechanisms involved in the karyological divergence of Neotoma phenax (Merriam) and Neotoma micropus Baird. Journal of Mammalogy 55:831–834 (J. T. Mascarello, J. W. Warner, and Baker). 53. Karyotypic and morphometric studies of Tunisian mammals: bats. Mammalia 38:695–710 (Baker, B. L. Davis, R. G. Jordan, and A. Binous). 1975 54. Genic and chromosomal differentiation in pocket gophers of the Geomys bursarius group. Evolution 28:557–564 (R. K. Selander, D. W. Kauffman, Baker, and S. L. Williams). 55. Reply to comments on “Chromosomal evolution in Peromyscus.” Evolution 29:189 (Baker, J. H. Bowers, and M. H. Smith). 56. A new subspecies of Geomys bursarius (Mammalia: Geomyidae) from Texas and New Mexico. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 29:1–18 (Baker and H. H. Genoways). 57. Additional records of bats from Nicaragua, with a revised checklist of Chiroptera. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 32:1–13 (Baker and J. K. Jones, Jr.). 58. A new species of Eptesicus from Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 34:1–7 (H. H. Genoways and Baker). 59. A contact zone between karyotypically characterized taxa of Uroderma bilobatum (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Systematic Zoology 24:133–142 (Baker, W. J. Bleier, and W. R. Atchley). 60. Evolutionary implications of the karyotypes of the stenodermine genera Ardops, Ariteus, Phyllops, and Ectophylla. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 74:156–159 (I. F. Greenbaum, Baker, and D. E. Wilson). 1976 61. Evolutionary relationships in Macrotus (Mammalia: Chiroptera): biochemical variation and karyology. Systematic Zoology 25:15–25 (I. F. Greenbaum and Baker). 62. Chromosome homology and evolution of emydid turtles. Chromosoma 54:201–219 (J. W. Bickham and Baker). 63. A new species of Chiroderma from Guadeloupe, West Indies (Chiroptera: Phyllostomatidae). Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 39:1–9 (Baker and H. H. Genoways). 64. Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae, Part I. Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 10:1–218 (Baker, J. K. Jones, Jr., and D. C. Carter, eds.). 65. Introduction. P. 5 in Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae, Part I (Baker, J. K. Jones, Jr., and D. C. Carter, eds.). Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 10:1–218 (Baker, J. K. Jones, Jr., and D. C. Carter). 66. Biochemical variation and genic similarity of Myotis velifer and Macrotus californicus. Comparative Biochemical Physiology 54B:243–248 (D. O. Straney, M. H. Smith, Baker, and I. F. Greenbaum). 67. Cariotipos de los murcielagos vampiros (Chiroptera: Desmondinae). Caldasia 11(54):159–163 (A. Cadena and Baker). 68. Vagility and local movements of pocket gophers (Geomyidae: Rodentia). American Midland Naturalist 96:303–316 (S. L. Williams and Baker). 69. Karyotypes of some Neotropical turtles. Copeia 1976:703–708 (J. W. Bickham and Baker). 1977 70. Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae, Part II. Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 13:1–364 (Baker, J. K. Jones, Jr., and D. C. Carter, eds.). 71. Introduction. Pp. 5–6 in Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae, Part II (Baker, J. K. Jones, Jr., and D. C. Carter, eds.). Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 13:1–364 (Baker, J. K. Jones, Jr., and D. C. Carter). 72. Implications of chromosomal variation in Rhogeessa (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Journal of Mammalogy 58:448–453 (J. W. Bickham and Baker). 73. Standardized karyotype of deer mice, Peromyscus (Rodentia). Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 19:38–43 (F. E. Arrighi, T. C. Hsu, S. Pathak, Baker, I. F Greenbaum, L. L. Deaven, P. A. Farber, T. H. Knoebel. T. E. Lawlor, M. R. Lee, J. T. Mascarello, J. L. Patton, D. J. Schmidly, J. W. Bickham, A. D. Stock, O. G. Ward, and E. G. Zimmerman). 1978 74. Bats from southern Haiti. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 47:81–99 (D. Klingener, H. H. Genoways, and Baker). 75. Zoogeography of Antillean bats. Pp. 53–97 in Zoogeography in the Caribbean. The 1975 Leidy Medal Symposium (F. B. Gill, ed.). Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia, Special Publication 13:1–128 (Baker and H. H. Genoways). 76. Bats of Guadeloupe. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 50:1–16 (Baker, H. H. Genoways, and J. C. Patton). 77. Studies of a contact zone between chromosomally characterized populations of Geomys bursarius. Journal of Mammalogy 59:233–242 (E. F. Pembleton and Baker). 78. Chromosomal homology and divergence between sibling species of deer mice: Peromyscus maniculatus and P. melanotis (Rodentia, Cricetidae). Evolution 32:334–341 (I. F. Greenbaum, Baker, and J. H. Bowers). 79. Karyotypic data for African mammals, with a description of an in vivo bone marrow technique. Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum 6:188–210 (L. W. Robbins and Baker). 80. Determination of the primitive karyotype for Peromyscus. Journal of Mammalogy 59:820–834 (I. F. Greenbaum and Baker). 81. Chromosomal evolution and the mode of speciation in three species of Peromyscus. Evolution 32:646–654 (I. F. Greenbaum, Baker, and P. R. Ramsey). 82. Natalus micropus. Mammalian Species 114:1–3 (D. C. Kerridge and Baker). 83. Erophylla sezekorni. Mammalian Species 115:1–5 (Baker, P. V. August, and A. A. Steuter). 84. [Review of] The mammals of Trans-Pecos Texas, including Big Bend National Park and Guadalupe Mountains National Park, by D. J. Schmidly. Texas A&M University Press. The West Texas Historical Association Year Book 1978:124. 85. Bats are beautiful. Carnegie Magazine 52:22–27 (H. H. Genoways and Baker). 1979 86. Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae, Part III. Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 16:1–441 (Baker, J. K. Jones, Jr., and D. C. Carter, eds.). 87. Introduction. Pp. 5–6 in Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae, Part III (Baker, J. K. Jones, Jr., and D. C. Carter, eds.). Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 16:1–441 (Baker, J. K. Jones, Jr., and D. C. Carter). 88. Karyology. Pp. 107–155 in Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae, Part III (Baker, J. K. Jones, Jr., and D. C. Carter, eds.). Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 16:1–441. 89. Biochemical genetics. Pp. 157–176 in Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae, Part III (Baker, J. K. Jones, Jr., and D. C. Carter, eds.). Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 16:1–441 (D. O. Straney, M. H. Smith, I. F. Greenbaum, and Baker). 90. Chromosomal homology and evolution of phyllostomatoid bats. Systematic Zoology 27:449–462 (J. C. Patton and Baker). 91. Phylogenetic analysis of karyological variation in three genera of Peromyscine rodents. Systematic Zoology 28:40–48 (T. L. Yates, Baker, and R. K. Barnett). [Reprinted in: E. O. Wiley. 1981. Phylogenetics: the theory and practice of phylogenetic systematics. Wiley Interscience, New York.] 92. Biological investigations in the Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas. Proceedings and Transactions Series, National Park Service 4:xvii+1–442 (H. H. Genoways and Baker, eds.). 93. Editor’s note. Pp. vii–viii in Biological investigations in the Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas (H. H. Genoways and Baker, eds.). Proceedings and Transactions Series, National Park Service 4:xvii+1–442 (H. H. Genoways and Baker). 94. Mammals of the Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas. Pp. 271–332 in Biological investigations in the Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas (H. H. Genoways and Baker, eds.). Proceedings and Transactions Series, National Park Service 4:xvii+1–442 (H. H. Genoways, Baker, and J. E. Cornely). 95. Research in National Parks. Pp. 441–442 in Biological investigations in the Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas (H. H. Genoways and Baker, eds.). Proceedings and Transactions Series, National Park Service 4:xvii+1–442 (Baker and H. H. Genoways). 96. Evolutionary implications of chromosomal homology in four genera of stenodermine bats (Phyllostomatidae: Chiroptera). Evolution 33:220–226 (Baker, R. A. Bass, and M. A. Johnson). 97. Evolutionary relationship of the Brachyphyllinae to the glossophagine genera Glossophaga and Monophyllus. Journal of Mammalogy 60:364–372 (Baker and R. A. Bass). 98. Chromosomal evolution in grasshopper mice (Onychomys: Cricetidae). Journal of Mammalogy 60:297–306 (Baker, R. K. Barnett, and I. F. Greenbaum). 99. Canalization model of chromosomal evolution. Pp. 70–84 in Models and methodologies in evolutionary theory (J. H. Schwartz and H. B. Rollins, eds.). Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History 13:70–84 (J. W. Bickham and Baker). 100. Mammals of Guadalupe Mountains National Park. Pp. 297–300 in Proceedings of the first conference on scientific research in national parks (R. M. Linn, ed.). Proceedings and Transactions Series, National Park Service, Washington, D.C. (J. E. Cornely, H. H. Genoways, and Baker). 101. Notes on a collection of bats from Montserrat, Lesser Antilles. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 60:1–6 (J. K. Jones, Jr., and Baker). 1980 102. Natalus major. Mammalian Species 130:1–3 (R. A. Hoyt and Baker). 103. Lasiurus intermedius. Mammalian Species 132:1–3 (W. D. Webster, J. K. Jones, Jr., and Baker). 104. Chiroderma improvisum. Mammalian Species 134:1–2 (J. K. Jones, Jr., and Baker). 105. Demographic and reproductive parameters of the yellow-cheeked pocket gopher (Pappogeomys castanops). Journal of Mammalogy 61:224–236 (M. J. Smolen, H. H. Genoways, and Baker). 106. Results of the Alcoa Foundation-Suriname Expeditions III. Chromosomal data for bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 49:237–250 (R. L. Honeycutt, Baker, and H. H. Genoways). 107. Evolutionary origin of Eptesicus lynni. Journal of Mammalogy 61:319–322 (M. L. Arnold, Baker, and H. H. Genoways). 108. Apparent chromosomal heterosis in a fossorial mammal. American Naturalist 116:143–146 (J. C. Patton, Baker, and H. H. Genoways). 109. Reassessment of the nature of chromosomal evolution in Mus musculus. Systematic Zoology 29:159–162 (J. W. Bickham and Baker). 110. G- and C-band studies on the primitive karyotype for Reithrodontomys. Journal of Mammalogy 61:708–713 (L. W. Robbins and Baker). 111. In memoriam, Dr. Robert L. Packard. The Museum Digest of the West Texas Museum Association, May–September:53–54. 112. Karyotypic evolution in bats: evidence of extensive and conservative chromosomal evolution in closely related taxa. Systematic Zoology 29:239–253 (Baker and J. W. Bickham). 1981 113. Phenetic and cladistic analyses of biochemical evolution in peromyscine rodents. Pp. 288–308 in Mammalian population genetics (M. H. Smith and J. Joule, eds.). University of Georgia Press, Atlanta (J. C. Patton, Baker, and J. C. Avise). 114. Observations on bats from Trinidad, with a checklist of species occurring on the island. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 72:1–27 (C. H. Carter, H. H. Genoways, R. S. Loregnard, and Baker). 115. Chromosome flow between chromosomally characterized taxa of a volant mammal, Uroderma bilobatum (Chiroptera: Phyllostomatidae). Evolution 35:296–305. 116. Karyotypic orthoselection for additions of heterochromatic short arms in grasshopper mice (Onychomys: Cricetidae). Southwestern Naturalist 26:125–131 (Baker and R. K. Barnett). 117. [Review of] Biochemical systematics and evolution, by Andrew Ferguson. American Scientist 69:336. 118. Chromosomal evolution in African Megachiroptera: G- and C-band assessment of the magnitude of change in similar standard karyotypes. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 29:221–232 (M. W. Haiduk, Baker, L. W. Robbins, and D. A. Schlitter). 119. Results of the Alcoa Foundation-Suriname Expeditions. VI. Additional chromosomal data for bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 50:333–344 (Baker, H. H. Genoways, and P. A. Seyfarth). 120. Electrophoretic and immunological studies on the relationship of the Brachyphyllinae and the Glossophaginae. Journal of Mammalogy 62:665–672 (Baker, R. L. Honeycutt, M. L. Arnold, V. M. Sarich, and H. H. Genoways). 121. Molecular evolution of vampire bats. Journal of Mammalogy 62:805–811 (R. L. Honeycutt, I. F. Greenbaum, Baker, and V. M. Sarich). 122. Mice of the genus Peromyscus in Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 74:1–35 (J. E. Cornely, D. J. Schmidly, H. H. Genoways, and Baker). 123. Genetic variation in a winter population of mallard ducks. Southwestern Naturalist 26:425–428 (L. E. Parker, E. G. Bolen, and Baker). 124. [Review of] Naturalist’s Big Bend: an introduction to the trees and shrubs, wildflowers, cacti, mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, fish and insects, by Roland H. Wauer. West Texas Historical Association Yearbook 1981:199–200. 125. An assessment of the nature of chromosomal rearrangements in 18 species of Peromyscus (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 31:194–202 (L. W. Robbins and Baker). 1982 126. Resolving a phylogeny with multiple data sets: a systematic study of phyllostomoid bats. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 77:1–15 (M. L. Arnold, R. L. Honeycutt, Baker, V. M. Sarich, and J. K. Jones, Jr.). 127. Dasypus novemcinctus. Mammalian Species 162:1–9 (K. McBee and Baker). 128. Karyotypic relationships within the short-tailed shrews, genus Blarina. Journal of Mammalogy 63:639–645 (S. B. George, H. H. Genoways, J. R. Choate, and Baker). 129. Comments on the status of Musonycteris harrisoni (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 78:1–5 (W. D. Webster, L. W. Robbins, R. L. Robbins, and Baker). 130. Observations on the reproductive ecology of some Neotropical bats. Mammalia 46:177–181 (P. V. August and Baker). 131. Chromosomal studies of South American bats and their systematic implications. Pp. 303–327 in Mammalian biology in South America (M. A. Mares and H. H. Genoways, eds.). Special Publication Series of the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology, University of Pittsburgh 6:xii+1–539 (Baker, M. W. Haiduk, L. W. Robbins, A. Cadena, and B. F. Koop). 132. Cladistical analysis of G-banded chromosomes of nectar-feeding bats (Glossophaginae: Phyllostomidae). Systematic Zoology 31:252–265 (M. W. Haiduk and Baker). 1983 133. Adaptive nature of chromosomal rearrangement: differential fitness in pocket gophers. Genetica 61:161–164 (Baker, R. K. Chesser, B. F. Koop, and R. A. Hoyt). 134. Resolving systematic relationships with G-bands: a study of five genera of South American cricetine rodents. Systematic Zoology 32:403–416 (Baker, B. F. Koop, and M. W. Haiduk). 135. Chromosomal evidence for a major subdivision in Peromyscus leucopus. Journal of Mammalogy 64:356–359 (Baker, L. W. Robbins, F. B. Stangl, Jr., and E. C. Birney). 136. Electrophoretic studies of relationships of six species of Artibeus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 83:1–12 (B. F. Koop and Baker). 137. Numerous chromosomal polymorphisms in a natural population of rice rats (Oryzomys: Cricetidae). Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 35:131–135 (B. F. Koop, Baker, and H. H. Genoways). 138. Genic differentiation and phylogenetic relationships within two New World bat genera. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 11:295–303 (M. L. Arnold, Baker, and R. L. Honeycutt). 139. Extent of geographic range and magnitude of chromosomal evolution. Journal of Biogeography 10:533–541 (L. W. Robbins, M. P. Moulton, and Baker). 1984 140. A chromosomal subdivision in Peromyscus leucopus: implications for the subspecies concept as applied to mammals. Pp. 139–145 in Festschrift for Walter W. Dalquest in honor of his sixty-sixth birthday (N. V. Horner, ed.). Midwestern State University, Wichita Falls, Texas (F. B. Stangl, Jr., and Baker). 141. A sympatric cryptic species of mammal: a new species of Rhogeessa (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Systematic Zoology 33:178–183. 142. Karyotypic megaevolution by any other name: a response to Marks. Systematic Zoology 33:339–341 (Baker and J. W. Bickham). 143. Scientific method, opinion, phylogenetic reconstruction, and nectar-feeding bats: a response to Griffiths and Warner. Systematic Zoology 33:343–350 (M. W. Haiduk and Baker). 144. Evolutionary relationships in Peromyscus: congruence in chromosomal, genic, and classical data sets. Journal of Mammalogy 65:643–654 (F. B. Stangl, Jr., and Baker). 145. Chromosomal studies and evolutionary relationships of an endangered species, Reithrodontomys raviventris. Journal of Mammalogy 65:655–667 (C. S. Hood, L. W. Robbins, Baker, and H. S. Shellhammer). 146. Test of alternative hypotheses concerning the origin of Reithrodontomys raviventris: genetic analysis. Journal of Mammalogy 65:668–673 (K. Nelson, Baker, H. S. Shellhammer, and R. K. Chesser). 147. [Obituary] Robert Lewis Packard, 1928–1979. Pp. 7–9 in Contributions in mammalogy in honor of Robert L. Packard (R. E. Martin and B. R. Chapman, eds.). Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 22:i+1–234 (J. K. Jones, Jr., and Baker). 148. Curation of collections of frozen tissues: curatorial problems unique to frozen tissue collections. Pp. 35–40 in Collections of frozen tissues: value, management, field and laboratory procedures, and directory of existing collections (H. C. Dessauer and M. S. Hafner, eds.). Association of Systematic Collections, Lawrence, Kansas (Baker and M. S. Hafner). 149. Cladistical analysis of primitive G-band sequences for the karyotype of the ancestor of the Cricetidae complex of rodents. Genetica 64:199–208 (B. F. Koop, Baker, M. W. Haiduk, and M. D. Engstrom). 150. Field key to Antillean bats. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 94:1–18 (Baker, J. A. Groen, and R. D. Owen). 1985 151. Cladistical analysis of chromosomal evolution within the genus Neotoma. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 96:1–9 (B. F. Koop, Baker, and J. T. Mascarello). 152. Chromosomal evolution in Rhogeessa (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae): possible speciation by centric fusions. Evolution 39:233–243 (Baker, J. W. Bickham, and M. L. Arnold). 153. Collections of tissue cultured cell lines suspended by freezing. Acta Zoologica Fennica 170:91–92 (Baker and M. W. Haiduk). 154. G- and C-banded karyotypes of the Rhinopomatidae (Microchiroptera). Journal of Mammalogy 66:541–544 (M. B. Qumsiyeh and Baker). 155. [Review of] The encyclopedia of mammals (D. MacDonald, ed.). Facts on File Inc., New York. Journal of Mammalogy 66:830–831. 156. Utility of morphological distance measures and clustering algorithms: a test using phyllostomid bats. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 54:393–412 (K. McBee, Baker, and S. L. Pimm). 157. Peromyscus alstoni. Mammalian Species 242:1–4 (S. L. Williams, J. Ramírez-Pulido, and Baker). 1986 158. On factors affecting the fixation of chromosomal rearrangements and neutral genes: computer simulations. Evolution 40:625–632 (R. K. Chesser and Baker). 159. Neotoma mexicana. Mammalian Species 262:1–7 (J. E. Cornely and Baker). 160. Speciation by monobrachial centric fusions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 83:8245–8248 (Baker and J. W. Bickham). 161. G- and C-banding chromosomal studies of bats of the family Emballonuridae. Journal of Mammalogy 67:705–711 (C. S. Hood and Baker). 1987 162. Role of chromosomal banding patterns in understanding mammalian evolution. Pp. 67–96 in Current mammalogy, Vol. I (H. H. Genoways, ed.). Plenum Publishing Corp., New York (Baker, M. B. Qumsiyeh, and C. S. Hood). 163. Uroderma bilobatum. Mammalian Species 279:1–4 (Baker and C. L. Clark). 164. Mitochondrial DNA and protein differentiation between hybridizing cytotypes of the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus. Evolution 41:864–872 (K. Nelson, Baker, and R. L. Honeycutt). 165. Cladistical analysis of chromosomal evolution in pocket gophers of the Cratogeomys castanops complex (Rodentia: Geomyidae). Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 114:1–15 (H. K. Lee and Baker). 1988 166. Genetics. Pp. 31–40 in Natural history of vampire bats (U. Schmidt and A. Greenhall, eds.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida (Baker, R. L. Honeycutt, and R. A. Bass). 167. Genic studies of Lasiurus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 117:1–15 (Baker, J. C. Patton, H. H. Genoways, and J. W. Bickham). 168. Lasiurus blossevillii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Texas. Texas Journal of Science 40:111–113 (H. H. Genoways and Baker). 169. Chromosomal studies of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Thailand. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 57:99–109 (C. S. Hood, D. A. Schlitter, J. I. Georgudaki, S. Yenbutra, and Baker). 170. Comparative cytogenetics and the determination of primitive karyotypes. Cytogenetics and Genome Research 47:100–103 (M. B. Qumsiyeh and Baker). 171. Chromosomal evolution in Geomys as revealed by G- and C-band analysis. Southwestern Naturalist 33:1–13 (M. B. Qumsiyeh, C. Sanchez-Hernandez, S. K. Davis, J. C. Patton, and Baker). 172. Evidence for eight tandem and five centric fusions in the evolution of the karyotype of Aethomys namaquensis A. Smith (Rodentia: Muridae). Genetica 76:161–169 (Baker, M. B. Qumsiyeh, and I. L. Rautenbach). 173. Methods in chiropteran mitotic chromosomal studies. Pp. 425–435 in Ecological and behavioral methods for the study of bats (T. H. Kunz, ed.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. (Baker and M. B. Qumsiyeh). 174. Allozymic study of the relationships of Phylloderma and four species of Phyllostomus. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 125:1–14 (Baker, C. G. Dunn, and K. Nelson). 175. Phylogenetic relationships of Nyctomys and Xenomys to other cricetine genera based on data from G-banded chromosomes. Southwestern Naturalist 33:397–403 (M. W. Haiduk, C. Sanchez-Hernandez, and Baker). 176. Population genetic structure and the fixation of chromosomal rearrangements in Sceloporus grammicus (Sauria, Iguanidae): a computer simulation study. Copeia 1988:1043–1053 (J. W. Sites, Jr., R. K. Chesser, and Baker). 177. Advances in systematic mammalogy. Pp. 459–473 in Management of mammal collection in tropical environment (B. K. Tikader, ed.). Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, India. 1989 178. Ribosomal DNA, mitochondrial DNA, chromosomal and allozymic studies on a contact zone in the pocket gopher, Geomys. Evolution 43:63–75 (Baker, S. K. Davis, R. D. Bradley, M. J. Hamilton, and R. A. Van Den Bussche). 179. Polymorphisms in chromosome 5 of the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Texas Journal of Science 41:327–329 (F. B. Stangl, Jr., and Baker). 180. Karyotypes of five species of Cuban lizards. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 130:1–6 (C. A. Porter, R. I. Crombie, and Baker). 181. Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the higher categories of the New World bat family Phyllostomidae. Systematic Zoology 38:228–238 (Baker, C. S. Hood, and R. L. Honeycutt). 1990 182. Distribution of non-telomeric sites of the (TTAGGG)n telomeric sequence in vertebrate chromosomes. Chromosoma 99:3–10 (J. Meyne, Baker, H. H. Hobart, T. C. Hsu, O. A. Ryder, O. G. Ward, J. E. Wiley, D. H. Wurster-Hill, T. L. Yates, and R. K. Moyzis). 183. Chromosomal and protein evolution in morphologically similar species of Praomys sensu lato (Rodentia, Muridae). Journal of Heredity 81:58–65 (M. B. Qumsiyeh, S. W. King, J. Arroyo-Cabrales, I. R. Aggundey, D. A. Schlitter, Baker, and K. J. Marrow, Jr.). 184. Genetic variation and origin of the most chromosomally polymorphic natural mammalian populations. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 53:5–7 (D. C. Kerridge and Baker). 185. Intragenomic movement, sequence amplification and concerted evolution in satellite DNA in harvest mice, Reithrodontomys: evidence from in situ hybridization. Chromosoma 99:321–329 (M. J. Hamilton, R. L. Honeycutt, and Baker). 186. First record of Peromyscus gymnotis (Muridae) from El Salvador, with second records for Choeroniscus godmani and Diaemus youngi (Phyllostomidae). Texas Journal of Science 42:417–418 (J. G. Owen, Baker, and J. K. Jones, Jr.). 187. Retrotransposon mys is concentrated on the sex chromosomes: implications for copy number containment. Evolution 44:2083–2088 (Baker and H. A. Wichman). 1991 188. Chromosomal distribution of some repetitive DNA sequences in pocket gophers (Geomys, Cratogeomys, Thomomys) as determined by in situ hybridization. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 141:1–14 (R. D. Bradley, S. K. Davis, J. M. Bayouth, M. J. Hamilton, M. Maltbie, and Baker). 189. Evidence for biased gene conversion in concerted evolution in ribosomal DNA. Science 251:308–310 (D. M. Hillis, C. Moritz, C. A. Porter, and Baker). 190. Annotated checklist of land mammals of El Salvador. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 139:1–17 (J. G. Owen, J. K. Jones, Jr., and Baker). 191. Cytogenetics and systematics of the rodent genus Gerbillurus. Journal of Mammalogy 72:89–96 (M. B. Qumsiyeh, M. J. Hamilton, E. R. Dempster, and Baker). 192. Increased variation in cellular DNA content at a hybrid zone: hybrid breakdown in Peromyscus leucopus. Journal of Heredity 82:27–30 (Baker, C. A. Porter, B. G. Hanks, and J. W. Bickham). 193. [Review of] Advances in neotropical mammalogy (K. H. Redford and J. F. Eisenberg, eds.), Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida. Systematic Zoology 40:114. 194. On the monophyly of bats. Systematic Zoology 40:216–231 (Baker, M. J. Novacek, and N. B. Simmons). 195. Approaches, methods, the future of the chiropteran monophyly controversy: a reply to J. D. Pettigrew. Systematic Zoology 40:239–243 (N. S. Simmons, M. J. Novacek, and Baker). 196. Genetic control of premating-isolating behavior: Kaneshiro’s hypothesis and asymmetrical sexual selection in pocket gophers. Journal of Heredity 82:192–196 (R. D. Bradley, S. K. Davis, and Baker). 197. [Review of] Molecular systematics (D. M. Hillis and C. Moritz, eds.). Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts. Journal of Mammalogy 72:427. 198. Hybrid breakdown in Peromyscus leucopus and examination of the recombinational-breakdown model. Journal of Mammalogy 72:535–541 (R. M. Adkins, K. McBee, C. A. Porter, and Baker). 199. Location of ribosomal DNA in chromosomes of squamate reptiles: systematic and evolutionary implications. Herpetologica 47:271–280 (C. A. Porter, M. J. Hamilton, J. W. Sites, Jr., and Baker). 200. Examination of monophyly of bats: restriction map of the ribosomal DNA cistron. Pp. 42–53 in Contribution to mammalogy in honor of Karl F. Koopman (T. Griffiths and D. Klingener, eds.). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 206:1–432 (Baker, R. Honeycutt, and R. A. Van Den Bussche). 201. Hybrid breakdown and cellular-DNA content in a contact zone between two species of pocket gophers (Geomys). Journal of Mammalogy 72:697–705 (R. D. Bradley, S. K. Davis, S. F. Lockwood, J. W. Bickham, and Baker). 202. Genomic distribution of heterochromatic sequences in equids: implications to rapid chromosomal evolution. Journal of Heredity 82:369–377 (H. A. Wichman, C. T. Payne, O. A. Ryder, M. J. Hamilton, M. Maltbie, and Baker). 203. Phylogenetic relationships among megabats, microbats, and primates. Proceeding of the National Academy of Science USA 88:10322–10326 (D. P. Mindell, C. W. Dick, and Baker). 1992 204. Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 1991. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 146:1–23 (J. K. Jones, Jr., R. S. Hoffmann, D. W. Rice, C. Jones, Baker, and M. D. Engstrom). 205. Chromosomal location of rDNA in Allium: in situ hybridization using biotin- and fluorescein-labelled probe. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 83:413–418 (A. Ricroch, E. B. Peffley, and Baker). 206. Mammals of southwestern Oklahoma. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 151:1–47 (F. B. Stangl, Jr., W. W. Dalquest, and Baker). 207. [Review of] Principles of systematic zoology, by E. Mayr and P. K. Ashlock. 1991. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York. Journal of Mammalogy 73:689–690. 208. Reduced number of ribosomal sites in bats: evidence for a mechanism to contain genome size. Journal of Mammalogy 73:847–858 (Baker, M. Maltbie, J. G. Owen, M. J. Hamilton, and R. D. Bradley). 209. Transposable elements and the evolution of genome organization in mammals. Genetica 86:287–293 (H. A. Wichman, R. A. Van Den Bussche, M. J. Hamilton, and Baker). 210. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in satellite DNA distinguish chromosomal races of the white-footed mouse Peromyscus leucopus. Molecular Ecology 1:251–254 (A. D. Simmons, J. L. Longmire, T. W. Reeder, H. A. Wichman, and Baker). 211. [Review of] The bats of Texas, by David J. Schmidly. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas. The Quarterly Review of Biology 67:539–540. 212. Restriction endonuclease digestion patterns of harvest mice (Reithrodontomys) chromosomes: a comparison to G-bands, C-bands, and in situ hybridization. Genetica 87:141–149 (R. A. Van Den Bussche, R. L. Honeycutt, and Baker). 1993 213. Molecular phylogenetics of the New World bat genus Phyllostomus based on cytochrome b DNA sequence variation. Journal of Mammalogy 74:793–802 (R. A. Van Den Bussche and Baker). 214. Genome organization of repetitive elements in the rodent, Peromyscus leucopus. Mammalian Genome 4:374–381 (L. L. Janecek, J. L. Longmire, H. A. Wichman, and Baker). 215. Molecular phylogenetics of Stenodermatini bat genera: congruence of data from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Molecular and Biological Evolution 10:944–959 (R. A. Van Den Bussche, Baker, H. A. Wichman, and M. J. Hamilton). 216. Maintenance of a narrow hybrid zone in Peromyscus leucopus: a test of alternative models. Journal of Mammalogy 74:832–845 (R. A. Van Den Bussche, R. K. Chesser, M. J. Hamilton, R. D. Bradley, C. A. Porter, and Baker). 217. Gender identification in birds using microsatellite DNA fingerprint analysis. Auk 110:378–381 (J. L. Longmire, M. Maltbie, R. W. Pavelka, L. M. Smith, S. M. Witte, O. A. Ryder, D. L. Ellsworth, and Baker). 1994 218. Some thoughts on conservation, biodiversity, museums, molecular characters, systematics, and basic research. Journal of Mammalogy 75:277–287. 219. Systematic relationships within Chiroderma (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) based on cytochrome b sequence variation. Journal of Mammalogy 75:321–327 (Baker, V. A. Taddei, J. L. Hudgeons, and R. A. Van Den Bussche). 220. Cytogenetics. Pp. 310–322 in Seventy-five years in mammalogy (E. C. Birney and J. R. Choate, eds.). Special Publications, American Society of Mammalogists 11:1–433 (Baker and M. S. Hafner). 221. Comparison of chromosomal distribution of a retroposon (LINE) and a retrovirus-like element mys in Peromyscus maniculatus and P. leucopus. Chromosome Research 2:185–189 (Baker and D. H. Kass). 222. Cytogenetic nomenclature of deer mice, Peromyscus (Rodentia): revision and review of the standardized karyotype. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 66:181–195 (I. F. Greenbaum, S. J. Gunn, S. A. Smith, B. F. McAllister, D. W. Hale, Baker, M. D. Engstrom, M. J. Hamilton, W. S. Modi, L. W. Robbins, D. S. Rogers, O. G. Ward, W. D. Dawson, F. F. B. Elder, M. R. Lee, P. Pathak, and F. B. Stangl, Jr.). 1995 223. Hybrid pocket gophers and some thoughts on the relationship of natural hybrids to the rules of nomenclature and the Endangered Species Act. Journal of Mammalogy 76:43–49 (J. K. Jones, Jr., R. D Bradley, and Baker). 224. Organization of repetitive elements in the upland cotton genome (Gossypium hirsutum). Journal of Heredity 86:178–185 (Baker, J. L. Longmire, and R. A. Van Den Bussche). 225. How bats achieve a small C-value: frequency of repetitive DNA in Macrotus. Mammalian Genome 6:521–525 (R. A. Van Den Bussche, J. L. Longmire, and Baker). 1996 226. Small mammals from the most radioactive sites near the Chornobyl nuclear power plant. Journal of Mammalogy 77:155–170 (Baker, M. J. Hamilton, R. A. Van Den Bussche, L. E. Wiggins, D. W. Sugg, M. H. Smith, M. D. Lomakin, S. P. Gaschak, E. G. Bundova, G. A. Rudenskaya, and R. K. Chesser). 227. Retrotransposon mys was active during evolution of the Peromyscus leucopus-maniculatus complex. Journal of Molecular Evolution 42:44–51 (R. N. Lee, J. C. Jaskula, R. A. Van Den Bussche, Baker, and H. A. Wichman). 228. La vie sauvage a Tchernobyl, analyse d’une prospère mais génétiquement altérée. La Recherche 268:30–31 (R. Chesser and Baker). 229. High levels of genetic change in rodents of Chernobyl. Nature 380:707–708 [Retracted]. (Baker, R. A. Van Den Bussche, A. J. Wright, L. E. Wiggins, M. J. Hamilton, E. P. Reat, M. H. Smith, M. D. Lomakin, and R. K. Chesser). 230. Karyotypic variation in spotted skunks (Carnivora: Mustelidae: Spilogale). Texas Journal of Science 48:119–122 (J. G. Owen, Baker, and S. L. Williams). 231. [Obituary] J. Knox Jones, Jr.: 1929–1992. Journal of Mammalogy 77:578–593 (J. S. Findley, C. Jones, H. H. Genoways, E. C. Birney, and Baker). 232. Trinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the alpha-enolase/tau-crystallin locus in ducks. Animal Genetics 27:130–131 (J. C. Cathey, L. M. Smith, Baker, and J. A. DeWoody). 233. DNA damage and radiocesium in channel catfish from Chernobyl. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 15:1057–1063 (D. W. Sugg, J. W. Bickham, J. A. Brooks, M. D. Lomakin, C. H. Jagoe, C. E. Dallas, M. H. Smith, Baker, and R. K. Chesser). 234. Contributions in mammalogy: a memorial volume honoring Dr. J. Knox Jones, Jr. Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, xxix+1–315 pp. (H. H. Genoways and Baker, eds.). 235. [Encomium] The dedicated scientist. Pp. xxvi–xxxi in Contributions in mammalogy: a memorial volume honoring Dr. J. Knox Jones, Jr. (H. H. Genoways and Baker, eds.). Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, xxix+1–315 pp. 236. Utility of a satellite DNA sequence as a genetic marker in hybrid zone of pocket gophers (genus Geomys). Pp. 25–34 in Contributions in mammalogy: a memorial volume honoring Dr. J. Knox Jones, Jr. (H. H. Genoways and Baker, eds.). Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, xxix+1–315 pp. (Baker, A. D Simmons, M. S. Powell, J. L. Longmire, and R. D. Bradley). 237. Maintenance of a narrow hybrid zone in Geomys: results from contiguous clustering analysis. Pp. 35–45 in Contributions in mammalogy: a memorial volume honoring Dr. J. Knox Jones, Jr. (H. H. Genoways and Baker, eds.). Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, xxix+1–315 pp. (R. K. Chesser, R. D. Bradley, R. A. Van Den Bussche, M. J. Hamilton, and Baker). 238. A new species of the genus Rhogeessa, with comments on geographic distribution and speciation in the genus. Pp. 83–87 in Contributions in mammalogy: a memorial volume honoring Dr. J. Knox Jones, Jr. (H. H. Genoways and Baker, eds.). Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, xxix+1–315 pp. (H. H. Genoways and Baker). 239. Effective sizes and dynamics of uniparentally and diparentally inherited genes. Genetics 144:1225–1235 (R. K. Chesser and Baker). 1997 240. Natural science database: resource management and public health. Pp. 10–20 in Organization of Fish and Wildlife Information Managers: Proceedings of the 4th Annual Conference, July 1996. Key Largo, Florida (Baker, B. Albin, R. D. Bradley, J. J. Bull, J. M. Burns, K. A. Clark, G. Edson, R. E. Estrada, E. Farley, C. B. Fedler, B. M. Gharaibeh, R. L. Hammer, C. Jones, R. R. Monk, J. T. Montford, G. Moore, N. C. Parker, J. Rawlings, A. Sansom, D. J. Schmidly, R. W. Sims, H. A. Wichman, and F. D. Yancey, II). 241. Use of “lysis buffer” in DNA isolation and its implication for museum collections. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 163:1–3 (J. L. Longmire, M. Maltbie, and Baker). 242. Genic variation of mainland and island populations of Natalus stramineus (Chiroptera: Natalidae). Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 171:1–8 (J. Arroyo-Cabrales, R. A. Van Den Bussche, K. H. Sigler, R. K. Chesser, and Baker). 243. Nature of B chromosomes in the harvest mouse Reithrodontomys megalotis by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Chromosome Research 5:475–479 (J. A. Peppers, L. E. Wiggins, and Baker). 244. [Retraction] High levels of genetic change in rodents of Chernobyl. Nature 390:100 (Baker, R. A. Van Den Bussche, A. J. Wright, L. E. Wiggins, M. J. Hamilton, E. P. Reat, M. H. Smith, M. D. Lomakin, and R. K. Chesser). 245. Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 1997. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 173:1–19 (C. Jones, R. S. Hoffmann, D. W. Rice, M. D. Engstrom, R. D. Bradley, D. J. Schmidly, C. A. Jones, and Baker). 246. DNA synapomorphies for a variety of taxonomic levels from a cosmid library from the New World bat Macrotus waterhousii. Systematic Biology 46:579–589 (Baker, J. L. Longmire, M. Maltbie, M. J. Hamilton, and R. A. Van Den Bussche). 1998 247. Microsatellite markers in wood mouse and striped field mouse (genus Apodemus). Molecular Ecology 7:247–255 (K. D. Makova, J. C. Patton, E. Yu. Krysanov, R. K. Chesser, and Baker). 248. Enrichment of a LINE subfamily in a single chromosomal region in Peromyscus. Mammalian Genome 9:488–490 (D. H. Kass, J. A. Peppers, M. Maltbie, and Baker). 249. Bats of the Antillean island of Grenada: a new zoogeographic perspective. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 177:1–28 (H. H. Genoways, C. J. Phillips, and Baker). 250. Origins of heterochromatic repatterning in white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus. Journal of Mammalogy 79:725–735 (K. L. Bowers, M. J. Hamilton, S. M. Witte, and Baker). 251. Organization of repetitive DNA in the primitive reptile Sphenodon punctatus. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 178:1–12 (R. A. Van Den Bussche, J. L. Longmire, L. L. Janecek, and Baker). 252. Net-wielding anachronisms? A letter in response to an editorial: A Revolution in Evolution by Jim Bull and Holly Wichman in Science 281:1959. Science 282:1048–1049 (Baker and T. L. Yates). 253. Phylogenetic accuracy, stability, and congruence: relationships within and among the New World bat genera Artibeus, Dermanura, and Koopmania. Pp. 59–71 in Bat biology and conservation (T. H. Kunz and P. A. Racey, eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. (R. A. Van Den Bussche, J. L. Hudgeons, and Baker). 254. A partnership providing field data for Gap Analysis: Texas Tech Museum and Texas GAP. USGS-BRD Gap Analysis Program, Moscow, Idaho, Bulletin No. 7:37–39 (N. C. Parker, Baker, R. D. Bradley, C. Jones, R. R. Monk, D. J. Schmidly, R. W. Sims, and F. D. Yancey, II). 255. Checklist of the recent vertebrate fauna of the Lubbock Lake Landmark State Historical Park, 1995–1997. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 184:1–7 (R. D. Bradley, T. W. Jolley, L. L. Peppers, H. R. Roberts, E. Johnson, L. Pace, S. Angulo, D. Riskind, and Baker). 256. Cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase in humans, mice, and voles and phylogenetic analysis of the enzyme family. Molecular Biology and Evolution 15:1674–1684 (A. Nekrutenko, D. M. Hillis, J. C. Patton, R. D. Bradley, and Baker). 257. Rhogeessa genowaysi. Mammalian Species 589:1–3 (E. H. Roots and Baker). 258. Bioinformatics: a multidisciplinary approach for the life sciences. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 186:i+1–8 (N. C. Parker, R. D. Bradley, J. M. Burns, G. F. Edson, D. R. Haragan, C. Jones, R. R. Monk, J. T. Montford, C. J. Phillips, D. J. Schmidly, and Baker). 259. Bioinformatics, museums and society: integrating biological data for knowledge-based decisions. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 187:i+1–4 (Baker, C. J. Phillips, R. D. Bradley, J. M. Burns, D. Cooke, G. F. Edson, D. R. Haragan, C. Jones, R. R. Monk, J. T. Montford, D. J. Schmidly, and N. C. Parker). 260. Base compositional bias and phylogenetic analyses: a test of the “Flying DNA” hypothesis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 13:408–416 (R. A. Van Den Bussche, Baker, J. P. Huelsenbeck, and D. M. Hillis). 1999 261. Microsatellites indicate high frequency of multiple paternity in Apodemus (Rodentia). Molecular Ecology 8:107–111 (Baker, K. D. Makova, and R. K. Chesser). 262. A translocated mitochondrial cytochrome b pseudogene in voles (Rodentia: Microtus). Journal of Molecular Evolution 48:380–382 (J. A. DeWoody, R. K. Chesser, and Baker). 263. Representational difference analysis to distinguish cryptic species. Molecular Ecology 8:1235–1238 (A. Nekrutenko, K. D. Makova, R. K. Chesser, and Baker). 264. Checklist of mammals from twelve habitat types at Fort Bliss Military Base, 1997–1998. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 192:i+1–16 (M. L. Clary, D. M. Bell, C. W. Edwards, T. W. Jolley, O. Knyazhnitskiy, N. Lewis-Oritt, S. J. Mantooth, L. L. Peppers, I. Teimann-Boege, F. D. Yancey II, D. J. Howell, B. A. Locke, Baker, and R. D. Bradley). 265. Systematics of the genera Carollia and Rhinophylla based on the cytochrome-b gene. Journal of Mammalogy 80:1202–1213 (A. J. Wright, R. A. Van Den Bussche, B. K. Lim, M. D. Engstrom, and Baker). 266. Jones’s pocket gopher Geomys knoxjonesi. Pp. 486–487 in The Smithsonian book of North American mammals (D. E. Wilson and S. Ruff, eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. (R. D. Bradley and Baker). 267. Low levels of genetic variability in North American populations of the wood stork (Mycteria americana). The Auk 116:1083–1092 (R. A. Van Den Bussche, S. A Harmon, Baker, A. L. Bryan, Jr., J. A. Rodgers, Jr., M. J. Harris, and I. L. Brisbin, Jr.). 268. On the utility of heteroplasmy in genotoxicity studies: an example from Chornobyl. Ecotoxicology 8:301–309 (Baker, J. A. DeWoody, A. J. Wright, and R. K. Chesser). 2000 269. Concentrations and dose rate estimates of 134,137cesium and 90strontium in small mammals at Chornobyl, Ukraine. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19:305–312 (R. K. Chesser, D. W. Sugg, M. D. Lomakin, R. A. Van Den Bussche, J. A. DeWoody, C. H. Jagoe, C. E. Dallas, F. W. Whicker, M. H. Smith, S. P. Gaschak, I. V. Chizhevsky, V. V. Lyabik, E. G. Buntova, K. Holloman, and Baker). 270. [Letter to the Editor] The Chornobyl nuclear disaster and subsequent creation of a wildlife preserve. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19:1231–1232 (Baker and R. K. Chesser). 271. Frequencies of micronuclei in bank voles from zones of high radiation at Chornobyl, Ukraine. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19:1644–1648 (B. E. Rodgers and Baker). 272. Isolation of binary species-specific PCR-based markers and their value for diagnostic applications. Gene 249:47–51 (A. Nekrutenko, K. D. Makova, and Baker). 273. Assignment of Global Information System coordinates to classical museum localities for relational database analyses. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 199:1–15 (O. V. Knyazhnitskiy, R. R. Monk, N. C. Parker, and Baker). 274. Genetic diversity of Clethrionomys glareolus from highly contaminated sites in the Chornobyl region, Ukraine. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19:2130–2135 (C. W. Matson, B. E. Rodgers, R. K. Chesser, and Baker). 275. The end of the LINE? Lack of recent L1 activity in a group of South American rodents. Genetics 154:1809–1817 (N. C. Casavant, L. Scott, M. A. Cantrell, L. E. Wiggins, Baker, and H. A. Wichman). 276. Evolution of microsatellite alleles in four species of mice (genus Apodemus). Journal of Molecular Evolution 51:166–172 (K. D. Makova, A. Nekrutenko, and Baker). 277. Electronic field data capture using WildCat III. Museology, Museum of Texas Tech University 9:1–8 (R. D. King, R. R. Monk, and Baker). 278. Ecotourism and conservation: richness of terrestrial vertebrates across Texas. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 201:i+1–16 (E. A. Holt, K. E. Allen, N. C. Parker, and Baker). 279. Systematics of bats of the family Phyllostomidae based on RAG2 DNA sequences. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 202:i+1–16 (Baker, C. A. Porter, J. C. Patton, and R. A. Van Den Bussche). 2001 280. Bats of the West Indian island of Dominica: natural history, areography, and trophic structure. Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 43:1–43 (H. H. Genoways, R. M. Timm, Baker, C. J. Phillips, and D. A. Schlitter). 281. e-Vouchers and the use of digital imagery in natural history collections. Museology, Museum of Texas Tech University 10:1–8 (R. R. Monk and Baker). 282. Patterns of karyotypic megaevolution in Reithrodontomys: evidence from a cytochrome-b phylogenetic hypothesis. Journal of Mammalogy 82:81–91 (D. M. Bell, M. J. Hamilton, C. W. Edwards, L. E. Wiggins, R. M. Martínez, R. E. Strauss, R. D. Bradley, and Baker). 283. [Letter to the editor] Response to Dubrova et al. (2000): Induction of minisatellite mutations in the mouse germline by low-dose chronic exposure to gamma-radiation and fission neutrons. Mutation Research 478:207–208 (J. K. Wickliffe, R. K. Chesser, B. E. Rodgers, and Baker). 284. Consequences of polluted environments on population structure: the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) at Chornobyl. Ecotoxicology 10:211–216 (Baker, A. M. Bickham, M. Bondarkov, S. P. Gaschak, C. W. Matson, B. E. Rodgers, J. K. Wickliffe, and R. K. Chesser). 285. DNA sequence variation in the mitochondrial control region of red-backed voles (Clethrionomys). Molecular Biology and Evolution 18:1494–1501 (C. W. Matson and Baker). 286. Accumulation of 137cesium and 90strontium from abiotic and biotic sources in rodents at Chornobyl, Ukraine. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 20:1927–1935 (R. K. Chesser, B. E. Rodgers, J. K. Wickliffe, S. Gaschak, I. Chizhevsky, C. J. Phillips, and Baker). 287. Experimental exposure of naïve bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) to the Chornobyl, Ukraine environment: a test of radioresistance. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 20:1936–1941 (B. E. Rodgers, J. K. Wickliffe, C. J. Phillips, R. K. Chesser, and Baker). 288. Molecular evidence for evolution of piscivory in Noctilio (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae). Journal of Mammalogy 82:748–759 (N. Lewis-Oritt, R. A. Van Den Bussche, and Baker). 289. Molecular systematics of the family Mormoopidae (Chiroptera) based on cytochrome-b and recombination activating gene 2 sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 20:426–436 (N. Lewis-Oritt, C. A. Porter, and Baker). 290. Employment of Geographic Information Systems for determining the accuracy of museum voucher specimen data. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 210:1–7 (K. E. Allen, R. D. Bradley, R. R. Monk, O. V. Knyazhnitskiy, N. C. Parker, D. J. Schmidly, and Baker). 291. A test of the Genetic Species Concept: cytochrome-b sequences and mammals. Journal of Mammalogy 82:960–973 (R. D. Bradley and Baker). 292. Systematics of bats of the genus Glossophaga (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) and phylogeography in G. soricina based on the cytochrome-b gene. Journal of Mammalogy 82:1092–1101 (F. G. Hoffmann and Baker). 293. The Uroderma bilobatum (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) cline revisited. Journal of Mammalogy 82:1102–1113 (J. G. Owen and Baker). 294. Subchronic exposure of BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains of Mus musculus to the radioactive environment of the Chornobyl, Ukraine exclusion zone. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 20:2830–2835 (B. E. Rodgers, R. K. Chesser, J. K. Wickliffe, C. J. Phillips, and Baker). 295. Ecotoxicology. Pp. 1013–1045 in Casarett and Doull’s toxicology: the basic science of poisons (C. D. Klaassen, ed.). McGraw Hill, New York (R. J. Kendall, T. A. Anderson, Baker, C. M. Bens, J. A. Carr, L. A. Chiodo, G. P. Cobb III, R. L. Dickerson, K. R. Dixon, L. T. Frame, M. J. Hooper, C. F. Martin, S. T. McMurry, R. Patino, E. E. Smith, and C. W. Theodorakis). 296. Texas Parks and Wildlife for the 21st century: an overview of the Texas Tech University studies in conservation and recreation for the coming decades. Texas Tech University, Lubbock, 47 pp. (D. J. Schmidly, N. C. Parker, and Baker). 2002 297. Assessing the genotoxicity of chronic environmental irradiation by using mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy in the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) at Chornobyl, Ukraine. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 21:1249–1254 (J. K. Wickliffe, R. K. Chesser, B. E. Rodgers, and Baker). 298. K-ras oncogene DNA sequences in pink salmon in streams impacted by the Exxon Valdez oil spill: no evidence of oil-induced heritable mutations. Ecotoxicology 11:233–241 (M. A. Cronin, J. K. Wickliffe, Y. Dunina, and Baker). 299. Utility of chromosomal position of heterochromatin as a biomarker of radiation-induced genetic damage: a study of Chornobyl voles (Microtus sp.). Ecotoxicology 11:147–154 (L. E. Wiggins, R. A. Van Den Bussche, M. J. Hamilton, R. K. Chesser, and Baker). 300. Distribution and characterization of microsatellites in the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) genome. Journal of Heredity 93:100–106 (E. H. Roots and Baker). 301. Small mammal communities and habitat associations in the Chihuahuan desert near Fort Bliss, New Mexico. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 215:1–15 (M. L. Clary, R. E. Strauss, B. A. Locke, D. J. Howell, Baker, and R. D. Bradley). 302. Distribution of LINEs and other repetitive elements in the karyotype of the bat Carollia: implications for X-chromosome inactivation. Cytogenetic and Genome Research 96:191–197 (D. A. Parish, P. Vise, H. A. Wichman, J. J. Bull, and Baker). 303. A new Central American species from the Carollia brevicauda complex. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 217:i+1–11 (Baker, S. S. Solari, and F. G. Hoffmann). 304. The ecology and evolutionary history of an emergent disease: hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Bioscience 52:989–998 (T. L. Yates, J. N. Mills, C. A. Parmenter, T. G. Ksiazek, R. R. Parmenter, J. R. Vande Castle, C. H. Calisher, S. T. Nichol, K. D. Abbott, J. C. Young, M. L. Morrison, B. J. Beaty, J. L. Dunnum, Baker, J. Salazar-Bravo, and C. J. Peters). 2003 305. Identifying voucher specimens involving risk: shrews from Chornobyl, Ukraine. Journal of Mammalogy 84:117–122 (J. K. Wickliffe, I. Chizhevsky, M. B. O’Neill, B. E. Rodgers, Y. V. Dunina-Barkovskaya, and Baker). 306. The use of nuclear and mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify cryptic species. Molecular Ecology 12:2011–2017 (N. M. Belfiore, F. G. Hoffmann, Baker, and J. A. DeWoody). 307. Intron 7 (FGB-I7) of the fibrinogen, B beta polypeptide (FGB): a nuclear DNA phylogenetic marker for mammals. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 219:i+1–6 (J. K. Wickliffe, F. G. Hoffmann, D. S. Carroll, Y. V. Dunina-Barkovskaya, R. D. Bradley, and Baker). 308. A new species of desert shrew, Notiosorex, based on nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 222:i+1–12 (Baker, M. B. O’Neill, and L. R. McAliley). 309. Exposure to chronic, low-dose gamma radiation at Chornobyl does not induce point mutations in Big Blue® mice. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 42:11–18 (J. K. Wickliffe, A. M. Bickham, B. E. Rodgers, R. K. Chesser, C. J. Phillips, S. P. Gaschak, J. A. Goryanaya, I. Chizhevsky, and Baker). 310. Rapidly evolving repetitive DNA in a karyotypically megaevolved genome: factors that affect chromosomal evolution. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 223:1–8 (R. D. Bradley, R. Martinez, M. Maltbie, I. Tiemann-Boege, H. A. Wichman, and Baker). 311. Systematics of round-eared bats (Tonatia and Lophostoma) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Journal of Mammalogy 84:791–808 (C. A. Porter, S. R. Hoofer, R. A. Van Den Bussche, T. E. Lee, Jr., and Baker). 312. mtDNA perspective of chromosomal diversification and hybridization in Peters’ tent-making bat (Uroderma bilobatum: Phyllostomidae). Molecular Ecology 12:2981–2993 (F. G. Hoffmann, J. G. Owen, and Baker). 313. Comparative phylogeography of short-tailed bats (Carollia: Phyllostomidae). Molecular Ecology 12:3403–3414 (F. G. Hoffmann and Baker). 314. Preparations of mammalian karyotypes under field conditions. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 228:i+1–8 (Baker, M. Hamilton, and D. A. Parish). 315. Pocket gophers (Geomyidae). Pp. 276–287 in Wild mammals of North America: biology, management and conservation (G. A. Feldhamer, B. C. Thompson, and J. A. Chapman, eds.). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland (Baker, R. D. Bradley, and L. R. McAliley, Jr.). 316. Mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy in laboratory mice experimentally enclosed in the radioactive Chernobyl environment. Radiation Research 159:458–464 (J. K. Wickliffe, B. E. Rodgers, R. K. Chesser, C. J. Phillips, S. P. Gaschak, and Baker). 317. [Letter to the editor] Response to the letter of Y. Dubrova (2000): Induction of minisatellite mutation in the mouse germline by low-dose chronic exposure to gamma-radiation and fission neutrons. Radiation Research 160:611–612 (J. K. Wickliffe, B. E. Rodgers, R. K. Chesser, C. J. Phillips, S. P. Gaschak, and Baker). 318. Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 2003. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 229:1–23 (Baker, L. C. Bradley, R. D. Bradley, J. W. Dragoo, M. D. Engstrom, R. S. Hoffmann, C. A. Jones, F. Reid, D. W. Rice, and C. Jones). 319. Diversification among New World leaf-nosed bats: an evolutionary hypothesis and classification inferred from digenomic congruence of DNA sequence. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 230:i+1–32 (Baker, S. R. Hoofer, C. A. Porter, and R. A. Van Den Bussche). 320. Implications of hybridization between white-tailed deer and mule deer. Southwestern Naturalist 48:644–653 (R. D. Bradley, F. C. Bryant, L. C. Bradley, M. L. Haynie, and Baker). 321. Problems in small mammals radioecology. Environmental Sciences and Pollution Research, Special Issue 1:95–106 (V. G. Baryakhtar, M. D. Bondarkov, S. P. Gaschak, J. A. Goryanaya, A. M. Maximenko, V. V. Liabik, R. K. Chesser, and Baker). 2004 322. Reconstruction of radioactive plume characteristics along Chernobyl’s Western Trace. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 71:147–157 (R. K. Chesser, M. Bondarkov, Baker, J. K. Wickliffe, and B. E. Rodgers). 323. Systematics of Vampyressa and related genera of phyllostomid bats as determined by cytochrome-b sequences. Journal of Mammalogy 85:126–132 (C. A. Porter and Baker). 324. New bat of the genus Lophostoma (Phyllostomidae: Phyllostominae) from northwestern Ecuador. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 232:i+1–16 (Baker, R. M. Fonseca, D. A. Parish, C. J. Phillips, and F. G. Hoffmann). 325. An improved PCR-based method for gender identification in birds. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 239:1–7 (W. C. Conway, J. K. Wickliffe, F. G. Hoffmann, Baker, and L. M. Smith). 326. A new species of Oryzomys (Rodentia: Muridae) from an isolated pocket of Cerrado in eastern Bolivia. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 241:1–11 (D. M. Brooks, Baker, R. J. Vargus M., T. Tarifa, H. Aranibar, and J. M. Rojas). 327. [Obituary] Rene Marcelo Fonseca. MuseNews 14:30. 328. Differentiating Mexican gray wolf and coyote scats using DNA analysis. Wildlife Society Bulletin 32:685–692 (J. E. Reed, Baker, W. B. Ballard, and B. T. Kelly). 329. Archiving the future. Pp. 37–47 in The Guadalupe Mountains symposium, 1998 (F. R. Armstrong and K. KellerLynn, eds.). National Park Service, Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas. 2005 330. If you don’t clean up your act, you’ll end up at Texas Tech. Pp. 245–261 in Going afield (C. J. Phillips and C. Jones, eds.). Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock. 289 pp. 331. Bats of Jamaica. Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 48:1–154 (H. H. Genoways, Baker, J. W. Bickham, and C. J. Phillips). 332. Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: a historical perspective. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 243:1–30 (L. C. Bradley, B. R. Amman, J. G. Brant, L. R. McAliley, F. Mendez-Harclerode, J. R. Suchecki, C. Jones, H. H. Genoways, Baker, and R. D. Bradley). 333. Molecular systematics and phylogeographic history of Thomomys bottae in Texas. Pp. 497–512 in Contribuciones mastozoologicas en homenaje a Bernardo Villa (V. Sanchez-Cordero and R. A. Medellin, eds.). Instituto de Biologia e Instituto de Ecologia, UNAM, Mexico (J. K. Wickliffe, R. D. Bradley, F. B. Stangl, Jr., J. L. Patton, D. A. Parish, C. Jones, D. J. Schmidly, and Baker). 334. Mitochondrial DNA variation in water shrews (Sorex palustris, Sorex bendirii) from western North America: implications for taxonomy and phylogeography. Canadian Journal of Zoology 83:1469–1475 (M. B. O’Neill, D. W. Nagorsen, and Baker). 335. Species accounts of Rhogeessa distributed in Mexico (aeneus, alleni, genowaysi, gracilis, mira, parvula, and tumida). Pp. 305–311 in Los mamiferos silvestres de Mexico (C. Gerardo and G. Oliva, eds.). Fondo de Cultura Economica, Mexico, D.F., Mexico 986 pp. (J. Arroyo-Cabrales and Baker). 336. MysTR: an endogenous retrovirus family in mammals that is undergoing recent amplifications to unprecedented copy numbers. Journal of Virology 79:14698–14707 (M. A. Cantrell, M. M. Ederer, I. K. Erickson, V. J. Swier, Baker, and H. A. Wichman). 2006 337. The bat community of the Rabi oil field in the Gamba complex of protected areas, Gabon. Pp. 365–370 in Gamba, Gabon: biodiversity of an equatorial African rainforest (F. Alonso, M. E. Lee, P. Campbell, O. S. G. Pauwels, and F. Dallmeier, eds.). Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington 12:1–436 (R. M. Rodriguez, F. Hoffmann, C. Porter, and Baker). 338. Karyology and chromosomal evolution of some small mammals inhabiting the rainforest of the Rabi oil field, Gabon. Pp. 371–382 in Gamba, Gabon: biodiversity of an equatorial African rainforest (F. Alonso, M. E. Lee, P. Campbell, O. S. G. Pauwels, and F. Dallmeier, eds.). Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington 12:1–436 (A. Primus, J. Harvey, S. Guimondou, S. Mboumba, R. Ngangui, F. Hoffmann, Baker, and C. Porter). 339. [Review of] Wormwood Forest: a natural history of Chornobyl, by Mary Mycio, Joseph Henry Press, Washington, D.C. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientist Jan/Feb 2006:59–61. 340. Variation in mitochondrial DNA control region haplotypes in populations of the bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus, living in the Chernobyl environment, Ukraine. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 25:503–508 (J. K. Wickliffe, Y. V. Dunina-Barkovskaya, S. P. Gaschak, B. E. Rodgers, R. K. Chesser, M. Bondarkov, and Baker). 341. [Letter to the editor] Voucher specimens for SARS-linked bats. Science 311:1099–1100 (J. Salazar-Bravo, C. J. Phillips, R. D. Bradley, Baker, T. L. Yates, and L. A. Ruedas). 342. Molecular systematics of Vampyressine bats (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae) with comparison of direct and indirect surveys of mitochondrial DNA variation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39:424–438 (S. R. Hoofer and Baker). 343. Mitochondrial DNA sequence, karyotypic, and morphological variation in the Carollia castanea species complex (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) with description of a new species. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 254:i+1–16 (S. Solari and Baker). 344. Eggshell remains as a noninvasive source of genetic material in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 257:1–11 (A. D. Brown, J. H. Brunjes, IV, R. S. Phillips, W. B. Ballard, M. C. Wallace, and Baker). 345. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 378–380 in The atlas of mammalian chromosomes (S. J. O’Brien, J. C. Menninger, and W. G. Nash, eds.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. 760 pp. 346. Speciation in mammals and the Genetic Species Concept. Journal of Mammalogy 87:643–662 (Baker and R. D. Bradley). 347. Growing up with Chernobyl. American Scientist 94:542–549 (R. K. Chesser and Baker). [Reprinted in: Scientific American Brasil 63:78–85 Ensinamentos de Chernobyl. 2007.] 348. Systematics of small Anoura (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Colombia, with description of a new species. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 261:1–18 (H. Mantilla-Meluk and Baker). 2007 349. The changing significance and definition of the biological voucher. Pp. 257–264 in Museum studies: perspectives and innovations (S. L. Williams and C. A. Hawks, eds.). Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections, Washington, D.C. 282 pp. (M. Kageyama, R. R. Monk, R. D. Bradley, G. F. Edson, and Baker). 350. Mitochondrial control region variation in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) is not related to Chernobyl radiation exposure. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 26:361–369 (H. N. Meeks, J. K. Wickliffe, S. R. Hoofer, R. K. Chesser, B. E. Rodgers, and Baker). 351. Morphological and molecular variation within little big-eared bats of the genus Micronycteris (Phyllostomidae: Micronycterinae) from San Lorenzo, Ecuador. Pp. 721–746 in The quintessential naturalist: honoring the life and legacy of Oliver P. Pearson (D. A. Kelt, E. P. Lessa, J. Salazar-Bravo, and J. L. Patton, eds.). University of California Publications in Zoology 134:1–981 (R. M. Fonseca, S. R. Hoofer, C. A. Porter, C. A. Cline, D. A. Parish, F. G. Hoffmann, and Baker). 352. New information for systematics, taxonomy, and phylogeography of the rodent genus Apodemus (Sylvaemus) in Ukraine. Journal of Mammalogy 88:330–342 (S. R. Hoofer, S. Gaschak, Y. Dunina-Barkovskaya, J. Makluk, H. N. Meeks, J. K. Wickliffe, and Baker). 353. Phylogenetics and phylogeography of Artibeus jamaicensis based on cytochrome-b DNA sequences. Journal of Mammalogy 88:712–727 (P. A. Larsen, S. R. Hoofer, M. C. Bozeman, S. C. Pedersen, H. H. Genoways, C. J. Phillips, D. E. Pumo, and Baker). 354. [Review of] Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, 3rd edition (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds.). Journal of Mammalogy 88:824–830 (S. Solari and Baker). 355. Rhogeessa parvula. Mammalian Species 804:1–4 (E. H. Roots and Baker). 356. History of the Texas Society of Mammalogists. Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 52:1–60 (Baker, C. Jones, R. E. Martin, and L. C. Bradley). 357. Mammalia, Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae, Diaemus youngi: first confirmed record for Ecuador and observations of its presence in museum collections. Check List 3:244–247 (C. M. Pinto, J. P Carrera, H. Mantilla-Meluk, and Baker). 358. Molecular phylogenetics of the phyllostomid bat genus Micronycteris with descriptions of two new subgenera. Journal of Mammalogy 88:1205–1215 (C. A. Porter, S. R. Hoofer, C. A. Cline, F. G. Hoffmann, and Baker). 359. Molecular evidence for genetic subdivisions in the desert shrew, Notiosorex crawfordi. Southwestern Naturalist 52:410–417 (L. R. McAliley, M. B. O’Neill, and Baker). 2008 360. Phylogenetic relationships of vampyressine bats and allies (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae) based on DNA sequences of a nuclear intron (TSHB-I2). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47:870–876 (S. R. Hoofer, W. E. Flanary, R. J. Bull, and Baker). 361. All-male asexuality: origin and maintenance of androgenesis in the Asian clam Corbicula. Evolution 62:1119–1136 (S. M. Hedtke, K. Stanger-Hall, Baker, and D. M. Hillis). 362. Molecular dating of the diversification of Phyllostominae bats based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49:653–658 (F. G. Hoffmann, S. R. Hoofer, and Baker). 363. Phylogenetics of the fruit-eating bats (Phyllostomidae: Artibeina) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 277:1–15 (S. R. Hoofer, S. Solari, P. A. Larsen, R. D. Bradley, and Baker). 364. Speciation within bonneted bats (genus Eumops): the complexity of morphological, mitochondrial, and nuclear data sets in systematics. Journal of Mammalogy 89:1306–1315 (M. M. McDonough, L. K. Ammerman, R. M. Timm, H. H. Genoways, P. A. Larsen, and Baker). 365. [Obituary] Terry Lamon Yates: 1950–2007. Journal of Mammalogy 89:1557–1569 (Baker, D. J. Schmidly, J. A. Cook, J. Salazar-Bravo, and H. H. Genoways). 366. Using genetics and morphology to examine species diversity of Old World bats: report of a recent collection from Malaysia. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 281:1–28 (F. A. Anwarali Khan, V. J. Swier, S. Solari, P. A. Larsen, B. Ketol, W. Marni, S. Ellagupillay, M. Lakim, M. T. Abdullah, and Baker). 367. Mammalia, Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae, Anoura fistulata: distribution extension. Check List 4:427–430 (H. Mantilla-Meluk and Baker). 2009 368. Unexpected finding of Diclidurus ingens, Hernández-Camacho, 1955 (Chiroptera, Emballonuridae), in the Colombian Biogeographic Chocó. Mastozoologia Neotropical 16:229–232 (H. Mantilla-Meluk, A. M. Jimenez-Ortega, L. Palacios, and Baker). 369. New species of bonneted bat, genus Eumops (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from the lowlands of western Ecuador and Peru. Acta Chiropterologica 11:1–13 (Baker, M. M. McDonough, V. J. Swier, P. A. Larsen, J. P. Carrera, and L. K. Ammerman). 370. Patterns of chromosomal evolution in Sigmodon, evidence from whole chromosome paints. Cytogenetic and Genome Research 125:54–66 (V. J. Swier, R. D. Bradley, W. Rens, F. F. B. Elder, and Baker). 371. Understanding the genetic consequences of environmental toxicant exposure: Chernobyl as a model system. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 28:1982–1994 (H. N. Meeks, R. K. Chesser, B. E. Rodgers, S. Gaschak, and Baker). 372. Range extension of Anoura aequatoris and notes on distributional limits of small Anoura in Colombia. Investigacion, Biodiversidad y Desarrollo 28:107–112 (H. Mantilla-Meluk, A. M. Jimenez-Ortega, and Baker). 373. Mammalia, Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae, Lonchophylla pattoni: first record for Ecuador. Investigacion, Biodiversidad y Desarrollo 28:222–225 (H. Mantilla-Meluk, A. M. Jimenez-Ortega, and Baker). 374. Mammalia, Chiroptera, Anoura fistulata Muchhala, Mena-V & Albuja-V, 2005: distribution extension. Check List 5:463–467 (H. Mantilla-Meluk, H. E. Ramirez-Chaves, C. Fernandez-Rodriguez, and Baker). 375. Phyllostomid bats of Colombia: annotated checklist, distribution, and biogeography. Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 56:1–37 (H. Mantilla-Meluk, A. M. Jiménez-Ortega, and Baker). 376. [Encomium] Rollin Harold Baker: 1916–2007. Journal of Mammalogy 90:1265–1269 (C. J. Phillips, Baker, and H. H. Genoways). 377. Karyotyping and studying chromosomes of bats. Pp. 757–771 in Ecological and behavioral methods for the study of bats, 2nd edition (T. Kunz and S. Parsons, eds.). The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland (M. Volleth, R. A. Van Den Bussche, and Baker). 378. Global disease surveillance, emergent disease preparedness, and national security. Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock. iv+83 pp. (C. J. Phillips, A. M. Harrington, T. L. Yates, G. L. Simpson, and Baker). 379. Operational criteria for genetically defined species: analysis of the diversification of the small fruit eating bats, Dermanura (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae). Acta Chiropterologica 11:279–288 (S. Solari, S. R. Hoofer, P. A. Larsen, A. D. Brown, R. J. Bull, J. A. Guerrero, J. Ortega, J. P. Carrera, R. D. Bradley, and Baker). 2010 380. Cranial differentiation of fruit-eating bats (genus Artibeus) based on size-standardized data. Acta Chiropterologica 12:143–154 (M. R. Marchán-Rivadeneira, C. J. Phillips, R. E. Strauss, J. A. Guerrero, C. A. Mancina, and Baker). 381. New species of Anoura (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Colombia, with systematic remarks and notes on the distribution of the A. geoffroyi complex. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 292:1–19 (H. Mantilla-Meluk and Baker). 382. Bats of the tropical lowlands of western Ecuador. Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 57:i–ii+1–37 (J. P. Carrera, S. Solari, P. A. Larsen, D. F. Alvarado, A. D. Brown, C. Carrión B., J. S. Tello, and Baker). 383. Natural hybridization generates mammalian lineage with species characteristics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 107:11447–11452 (P. A. Larsen, M. R. Marchán-Rivadeneira, and Baker). 384. Karyology of five species of bats (Vespertilionidae, Hippsideridae, and Nycteridae) from Gabon with comments on the taxonomy of Glauconycteris. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech 295:1–7 (C. A. Porter, A. W. Primus, F. G. Hoffmann, and Baker). 385. Bats of the Grenadine Islands, West Indies, and placement of Koopman’s Line. Chiroptera Neotropical 16:501–521 (H. H. Genoways, G. G. Kwiecinski, P. A. Larsen, S. C. Pedersen, R. J. Larsen, J. D. Hoffman, M. de Silva, C. J. Phillips, and Baker). 386. Taxonomic status of Andersen’s fruit–eating bat (Artibeus jamaicensis aequatorialis) and revised classification of Artibeus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Zootaxa 2648:45–60 (P. A. Larsen, M. R. Marchán-Rivadeneira, and Baker). 387. Systematics of Malaysian wooly bats (Vespertilionidae: Kerivoula) inferred from mitochondrial, nuclear, karyotypic, and morphological data. Journal of Mammalogy 91:1058–1072 (F. A. Anwarali Khan, S. Solari, V. J. Swier, P. A. Larsen, M. T. Abdullah, and Baker). 388. Geographic range extensions and taxonomic notes on bats of the genus Lonchophylla (Phyllostomidae) from Colombia. Mastozoologia Neotropical 17:295–303 (H. Mantilla-Meluk, H. E. Ramírez-Chaves, J. A. Parlos, and Baker). 2011 389. Clarification and explanation of experimental design and mechanistic dose-response effects for significant radioecological impacts. Biology Letters Online, eLetter, published online 3 February 2011, regarding Møller and Mousseau (2009), Biology Letters Online 5:356–359 (J. K. Wickliffe and Baker). 390. The use of collections in research and teaching at the Museum of Texas Tech University. University Museums and Collections Journal 3:127–135 (N. Ladkin, E. Johnson, Baker, and S. Chatterjee). 391. The limited distribution of Helitrons to vesper bats supports horizontal transfer. Gene 474:52–58 (J. Thomas, M. Sorourian, D. Ray, Baker, and E. Pritham). 392. Wildlife and Chernobyl: the scientific evidence for minimal impacts. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientist. 14 April 2011. Web Edition (Baker and J. K. Wickliffe). 393. Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Kyrgyzstan. Emerging Infectious Diseases 17:876–879 (B. J. Briggs, B. Atkinson, D. M. Czechowski, P. A. Larsen, H. N. Meeks, J. P. Carrera, R. M. Duplechin, R. Hewson, A. T. Junushov, O. N. Gavrilova, I. Breininger, C. J. Phillips, Baker, and J. Hay). 394. Molecular verification of bat species collected in Ecuador: results of a country-wide survey. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 301:1–28 (M. M. McDonough, A. W. Ferguson, L. K. Ammerman, C. Granja-Vizcaino, S. F. Burneo, and Baker). 395. The Fitzcarrald Arch: a vicariant event for Chaetostoma (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) speciation? Copeia 4:503–512 (N. J. Salcedo, D. Rodriguez, R. E. Strauss, and Baker). 396. [Obituary] Jerry Ronald Choate: 1943–2009. Journal of Mammalogy 92:1418–1432 (E. J. Finck, H. H. Genoways, J. D. Hoffman, C. J. Phillips, and Baker). 397. Evaluation of fecal DNA preservation techniques and effects of sample age and diet on genotyping success. Journal of Wildlife Management 75:1616–1624 (M. Panasci, W. B. Ballard, S. Breck, D. Rodriguez, L. D. Densmore III, D. B. Webster, and Baker). 2012 398. Morphological analysis and description of two new species of Rhogeessa (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the Neotropics. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 307:1–25 (A. B. Baird, M. R. Marchán-Rivadeneira, S. G. Pérez, and Baker). 399. On the association between environmental gradients and skull size in the great fruit-eating bat, Artibeus lituratus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 105:623–634 (M. R. Marchán-Rivadeneira, P. A. Larsen, C. J. Phillips, R. E. Strauss, and Baker). 400. Evolutionary history of Caribbean species of Myotis, with evidence of a third Lesser Antillean endemic. Mammalian Biology 77:124–134 (R. J. Larsen, P. A. Larsen, H. H. Genoways, F. M. Catzeflis, K. Geluso, G. G. Kwiecinski, S. C. Pedersen, F. Simal, and Baker). 401. Microbiome analysis among bats describes influences of host phylogeny, life history, physiology and geography. Molecular Ecology 21:2617–2627 (C. D. Phillips, G. Phelan, S. E. Dowd, M. M. McDonough, A. W. Ferguson, J. D. Hanson, L. Siles, N. Ordóñez-Garza, M. San Francisco, and Baker). 402. Molecular timescale of diversification of feeding strategy and morphology in New World leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae): a phylogenetic perspective. Pp. 385–409 in Evolutionary history of bats: fossils, molecules and morphology (G. F. Gunnell and N. B. Simmons, eds.). Cambridge Studies in Molecules and Morphology – New Evolutionary Paradigms, Cambridge University Press (Baker, O. R. P. Bininda-Emonds, H. Mantilla-Meluk, C. A. Porter, and R. A. Van Den Bussche). 403. Do time, heterochromatin, NORs, or chromosomal rearrangements correlate with distribution of interstitial telomeric repeats in Sigmodon (cotton rats)? Journal of Heredity 103(4):493–502 (V. J. Swier, F. A. Anwarali Khan, and Baker). 404. Genetic diversity of neotropical Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) with an emphasis on South American species. PLoS ONE 7(10):e46578. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046578 (R. J. Larsen, M. C. Knapp, H. H. Genoways, F. A. Anwarali Khan, P. A. Larsen, D. E. Wilson, and Baker). 405. Combating radiation exposure before disaster strikes. Townsend Letter, November 2012:81–89 (E. R. Braverman, Baker, B. Loeffke, and G. Ferrer-Gonzalez). 406. Cost of collecting and preparing mammal voucher specimens for natural history collections. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 313:1–14 (R. D. Bradley, L. C. Bradley, H. J. Garner, and Baker). 407. Noteworthy county records for 14 bat species based on specimens submitted to the Texas Department of State Health Services. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 315:1–14 (K. D. Demere, A. M. Lewis, B. Mayes, Baker, and L. K. Ammerman). 2013 408. Contrasting evolutionary dynamics of the developmental regulator PAX9 among bats, with evidence for a novel post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism. PLoS ONE 8(2):e57649. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057649 (C. D. Phillips, B. Butler, J. W. Fondon III, H. Mantilla-Meluk, and Baker). 409. A new species of Micronycteris (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Bolivia. Journal of Mammalogy 94:881–896 (L. Siles, D. M. Brooks, H. Aranibar, T. Tarifa, R. J. Vargas M., J. M. Rojas, and Baker). 410. Transdisciplinary research, transformative learning, and transformative science. BioScience 63:564–573 (D. D. Pennington, G. L. Simpson, M. S. McConnell, J. M. Fair, and Baker). 411. Distribution, abundance and roosts of the fruit bat Artibeus fraterculus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Acta Chiropterologica 15:85–94 (C. M. Pinto, M. R. Marchán-Rivadeneira, E. E. Tapia, J. P. Carrera, and Baker). 412. Development and characterization of seventeen loci for the Peter’s tent-roosting bat (Uroderma bilobatum). Conservation Genetic Resources 6:87–89. doi:10.1007/s12686-013-0011-9 (M. Sagot, C. D. Phillips, R. D. Stevens, and Baker). 413. Genetic relationship of North American bears (Ursus) inferred from amplified fragment length polymorphisms and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Canadian Journal of Zoology 91:626–634 (M. A. Cronin, M. M. McDonough, H. M. Huynh, and Baker). 414. Speciation dynamics of the fruit-eating bats (genus Artibeus): with evidence of ecological divergence in Central American populations. Pp. 315–339 in Bat evolution, ecology, and conservation (R. A. Adams and S. C. Pedersen, eds.). Springer, New York (P. A. Larsen, M. R. Marchán-Rivadeneira, and Baker). 415. Multilocus analyses indicate a mosaic distribution of hybrid populations in ground squirrels (genus Ictidomys). Ecology and Evolution 3:4448–4460 (C. W. Thompson, F. A. Anwarali Khan, F. B. Stangl, Jr., Baker, and R. D. Bradley). 416. Timeframes of speciation, reticulation, and hybridization in the bulldog bat explained through phylogenetic analyses of all genetic transmission elements. Systematic Biology 63:96–110. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syto62 (F. A. Anwarali Khan, C. D. Phillips, and Baker). 417. Chromosomal evidence among leaf-nosed nectarivorous bats—evidence from cross-species chromosome painting (Phyllostomidae, Chiroptera). BMC Evolutionary Biology 13:276. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-276 (C. G. Sotero-Caio, M. Volleth, L. S. Gollahon, B. Fu, W. Cheng, B. L. Ng, F. Yang, and Baker). 2014 418. Dietary and flight energetic adaptations in a salivary gland transcriptome of an insectivorous bat. PLoS ONE 9(1):e83512. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083512 (C. J. Phillips, C. D. Phillips, J. Goecks, E. P. Lessa, C. G. Sotero-Caio, B. Tandler, M. R. Gannon, and Baker). 419. Evaluation of paraphyletic assemblages within Lonchophyllinae, with description of a new tribe and genus. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 320:1–23 (J. A. Parlos, R. M. Timm, V. J. Swier, H. Zeballos, and Baker). 420. Managing terrorism or accidental nuclear errors, preparing for iodine-131 emergencies: a comprehensive review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11:4158–4200. doi:10.3390/ijerph110404158 (E. R. Braverman, K. Blum, B. Loeffke, Baker, F. Kreuk, S. Peiling Yang, and J. R. Hurley). 421. Noteworthy record of Crawford’s desert shrew (Notiosorex crawfordi) from southern Nevada. Southwestern Naturalist 59:145–147 (R. W. Manning, M. R. Heaney, M. Sagot, and Baker). 422. Multilocus characterization of a woodrat (genus Neotoma) hybrid zone. Journal of Heredity 105:466–476. doi:10.1093/jhered/esu022 (M. R. Mauldin, M. L. Haynie, J. D. Hanson, Baker, and R. D. Bradley). 423. “Door to drawer” costs of curation, installation, documentation, databasing, and long-term care of mammal voucher specimens in natural history collections. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 323:i+1–15 (Baker, L. C. Bradley, H. J. Garner, and R. D. Bradley). 424. A retrospect on achievements following an onerous retraction. The Winnower. doi:10.15200/winn.140076.65836 (Baker, R. A. Van Den Bussche, A. J. Wright, L. E. Wiggins Johnson, M. J. Hamilton, E. P. Reat, M. H. Smith, M. D. Lomakin, and R. K. Chesser). 425. Rolling-circle transposons catalyze genomic innovation in a mammalian lineage. Genome Biology and Evolution 6:2595–2610. doi:10.1093/gbe/evu204 (J. Thomas, C. D. Phillips, Baker, and E. J. Pritham). 426. Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 2014. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University, 327:1–27 (R. D. Bradley, L. K. Ammerman, Baker, L. C. Bradley, J. A. Cook, R. C. Dowler, C. Jones, D. J. Schmidly, F. B. Stangl, Jr., R. A. Van Den Bussche, and B. Würsig). 427. Assessing the value of natural history collections and addressing issues regarding long-term growth and care. BioScience 64:1150–1158. doi:10.1093/biosci/biu166 (R. D. Bradley, L. C. Bradley, H. J. Garner, and Baker). 2015 428. Secretory gene recruitments in vampire bat salivary adaptation and potential convergences with sanguivorous leeches. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 3: Article 122. doi:10.3389/fevo.2015.00122 (C. D. Phillips and Baker). 429. Integration of molecular cytogenetics, dated molecular phylogeny, and model-based predictions to understand the extreme chromosome reorganization in the Neotropical genus Tonatia (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology 15:220. doi:10.1186/s12862- 015-0494-y (C. G. Sotero-Caio, M. Volleth, F. G. Hoffmann, L. Scott, H. A. Wickman, F. Yang, and Baker). 2016 430. Higher level classification of phyllostomid bats with a summary of DNA synapomorphies. Acta Chiropterologica 18:1–38. doi:10.3161/15081109ACC2016.18.1.001 (Baker, S. Solari, A. Cirranello, and N. B. Simmons). 431. Morphological diagnoses of higher-level phyllostomid taxa (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Acta Chiropterologica 18:39–71. doi:10.3161/15081109ACC2016.18.1.002 (A. Cirranello, N. B. Simmons, S. Solari, and Baker). 432. Human-modified habitats change patterns of population genetic structure and group relatedness in Peter’s tent-roosting bats. Ecology and Evolution 6:6050–6063. doi:10.1002/ece3.2255 (M. Sagot, C. D. Phillips, Baker, and R. D. Stevens). 433. Transformational principles for NEON sampling of mammalian parasites and pathogens: a response to Springer and colleagues. BioScience 66:917–919 (J. A. Cook, S. E. Greiman, S. J. Agosta, R. P. Anderson, B. S. Arbogast, Baker, W. Boeger, R. D. Bradley, D. R. Brooks, R. Cole, J. R. Demboski, A. P. Dobson, J. L. Dunnum, R. P. Eckerlin, J. Esselstyn, K. E. Galbreath, J. Hawdon, H. E. Hoekstra, S. J. Kutz, J. E. Light, L. E. Olson, B. D. Patterson, J. L. Patton, A. J. Phillips, E. Rickart, D. S. Rogers, M. E. Siddall, V. V. Tkach, and E. P. Hoberg). 434. [Addendum to Encomia and Reflections] Clyde Jones (1935–2015): Encomium. 4 pp. in Contributions in natural history: a memorial volume in honor of Clyde Jones (R. W. Manning, J. R. Goetze, and F. D. Yancey, II, eds.). Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 65:1–273 + 4 (Baker, C. J. Phillips, and H. H. Genoways). 2017 435. Patterns of morphological and molecular evolution in the Antillean tree bat, Ardops nichollsi (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 345:1–28 (R. J. Larsen, P. A. Larsen, C. D. Phillips, H. H. Genoways, G. G. Kwiecinski, S. C. Pedersen, C. J. Phillips, and Baker). 436. Elevated mitochondrial genome variation after 50 generations of radiation exposure in a wild rodent. Evolutionary Applications 10:7784–7791. doi:10.1111/eva.12475 (Baker, B. Dickins, J. K. Wickliffe, F. A. A. Khan, S. Gaschak, K. D. Makova, and C. D. Phillips). 437. Chromosomal evolution in Chiroptera. Genes 8:272. doi:10.3390/genes8100272 (C. G. Sotero-Caio, Baker, and M. Volleth). 438. Conflicting evolutionary histories of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in New World Myotis bats. Systematic Biology 67:236–249. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syx070 (R. N. Platt, II, B. C. Faircloth, K. A. M. Sullivan, T. J. Kieran, T. Glenn, M. W. Vandewege, T. E. Lee, Baker, R. D. Stevens, and D. A. Ray). © 2018 American Society of Mammalogists, www.mammalogy.org This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)
TI - Obituary: Robert James Baker (1942–2018)
JF - Journal of Mammalogy
DO - 10.1093/jmammal/gyy072
DA - 2018-08-13
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/oxford-university-press/obituary-robert-james-baker-1942-2018-rU0lLzojLT
SP - 983
EP - 1012
VL - 99
IS - 4
DP - DeepDyve
ER -