TY - JOUR
AU1 - Kee, Barbara L.
AB - 


There are four E proteins in mammals: E12 and E47, which arise through alternative splicing of the E2A gene; and HEB and E2-2, which have the potential to form distinct proteins through alternative transcription initiation.


E2A proteins function in IgH and Igκ gene rearrangement and bind to sequences in the IgH and Igκ intronic enhancers.


E2A proteins activate early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1) to promote B-cell lineage specification and cooperate with EBF1 and paired box protein 5 to activate many B-cell lineage-associated genes.


E proteins are required for the survival of pro-B cells because they function to prevent caspase 2 activation and consequently apoptosis. NMyc and CMyc are also E protein target genes that function to promote cytokine-dependent proliferation.


E proteins regulate Notch1 expression in early thymic progenitors and collaborate with Notch1 to active Notch1 target genes, such as Hes1 (hairy and enhancer of split 1) and Deltex1.


E2A and HEB proteins function in T-cell progenitors to control accessibility and expression of Tcrb (T-cell receptor β-chain).


E2-2 is essential for the development of mature plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and regulates the transcription of multiple lymphoid-associated genes in these cells. pDC deficiency is found in Pitt–Hopkins syndrome, a disease caused by haploinsufficiency of E2-2.


Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2) is required for the development of mature natural killer (NK) cells and functions by inhibiting E protein activity. NK-cell lineage commitment may be under the control of either ID2 or ID3.


E2A proteins are required for the development of lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors (LMPPs) from haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and for the induction of lymphoid gene priming.


E2A proteins prevent the proliferation of HSCs and LMPPs and therefore may have a role in the regulation of HSC self-renewal.



TI - E and ID proteins branch out
JF - Nature Reviews Immunology
DO - 10.1038/nri2507
DA - 2009-03-01
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/springer-journals/e-and-id-proteins-branch-out-qmGdAYZdC0
SP - 175
EP - 184
VL - 9
IS - 3
DP - DeepDyve
ER -