TY - JOUR
AU - Dasgupta, Partha Sarathi
AB - Dopamine D2 receptors, Endothelial progenitor cells, Mesenchymal stem cells, Mobilization Dear the Editor of Stem Cells In this article by Mirones et al. [1], the authors have incorrectly stated that there are contradictory reports regarding regulation of mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) by dopamine, and they have refereed two papers by Récalde et al. [2] and Chakroborty et al. [3] to support their claims. However, on the contrary, both these two different groups have reported that dopamine inhibits mobilization of EPC by activating its D2 receptors. Récalde et al. had observed that dopamine by acting through its D1 receptors and not via D2 receptors stimulates mobilization of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells, and in contrast, dopamine inhibits mobilization of these cells when it acts through its D2 receptors [2]. Similarly, Chakroborty et al. had earlier demonstrated that dopamine inhibits mobilization of bone marrow-derived EPC by acting through its D2 receptors [3]. Thus, there is no contradiction in the results regarding control of EPC mobilization by dopamine D2 receptors between these two different groups [2, 3]. This incorrect statement by Mirones et al. is therefore a misinformation and needs to be corrected, otherwise it will create confusion in the scientific community regarding the role of dopamine D2 receptors in regulating the mobilization of bone marrow-derived EPC [1]. Furthermore, in an another paper published by Shome et al., the authors have shown that there is increased mobilization of mesenchymal stem cells in murine dermal wound bed when the inhibitory effects of dopamine D2 receptors on vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) functions are blocked by dopamine D2 receptor antagonist such as eticlopride [4]. Numerous studies have indicated that VEGF-A can stimulate mobilization of EPC or mesenchymal stem cells in wound and ischemic tissue beds [2, 4]. Similarly, Récalde et al. in their study have also observed increased mobilization of bone marrow-derived EPC in a murine hind limb ischemia model when the actions of dopamine D2 receptor are blocked by dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, eticlopride [2]. Thus both Shome et al. and Récalde et al. had observed similar effects of dopamine D2 receptors mediated mobilization of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells which include mesenchymal stem cells in disorders where VEGF-A plays an important role in controlling mobilization of these cells from bone marrow to the periphery [2, 4]. Importantly, the inhibitory effects of dopamine D2 receptors on VEGF-A functions are now well established in both experimental models and clinical disorders [3-9]. Finally, it will be important to mention here that several recent studies by various groups have shown that phosphorylation/activation of Akt increases the migration of mesenchymal stem cells, whereas treatment with PI3K/Akt inhibitors blocks the activation of Akt, which in turn significantly inhibits migration of these cells [10-17], and activation of dopamine D2 receptors inhibit Akt phosphorylation/activation [18-21]. Author Contributions S.B. and P.S.D. wrote the manuscript. Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest No conflict of interest to disclose. References 1 Mirones I , Rodríguez MA, Cubillo I et al. Dopamine mobilizes mesenchymal progenitor cells through D2-class receptors and their PI3K/AKT pathway . Stem Cells 2014 ; 32 : 2529 – 2538 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 2 Récalde A , Richart A, Guérin C et al. Sympathetic nervous system regulates bone marrow-derived cell egress through endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation: Role in postischemic tissue remodeling . Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012 ; 32 : 643 – 653 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 3 Chakroborty D , Chowdhury UR, Sarkar C et al. Dopamine regulates endothelial progenitor cell mobilization from mouse bone marrow in tumor vascularization . J Clin Invest 2008 ; 118 : 1380 – 1389 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 4 Shome S , Dasgupta PS, Basu S. Dopamine regulates mobilization of mesenchymal stem cells during wound angiogenesis . PLoS One 2012 ; 7 : e31682 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 5 Basu S , Nagy JA, Pal S et al. The neurotransmitter dopamine inhibits angiogenesis induced by vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor . Nat Med 2001 ; 7 : 569 – 574 . 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Mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing GCP-2 improve heart function through enhanced angiogenic properties in a myocardial infarction model . Cardiovasc Res 2012 ; 95 : 495 – 506 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 11 Bulj Z , Duchi S, Bevilacqua A et al. Protein kinase B/AKT isoform 2 drives migration of human mesenchymal stem cells . Int J Oncol 2013 ; 42 : 118 – 126 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 12 Mognetti B , La Montagna G, Perrelli MG et al. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells increase motility of prostate cancer cells via production of stromal cell-derived factor-1α . J Cell Mol Med 2013 ; 17 : 287 – 292 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 13 Chen J , Crawford R, Chen C et al. The key regulatory roles of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the functionalities of mesenchymal stem cells and applications in tissue regeneration . Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2013 ; 19 : 516 – 528 . 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Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat Author notes available online without subscription through the open access option. © 2014 AlphaMed Press This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)
TI - Response to the Paper Entitled “Dopamine Mobilizes Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells Through D2-Class Receptors and Their PI3K/AKT Pathway” By Mirones, et al., 2014
JF - Stem Cells
DO - 10.1002/stem.1830
DA - 2014-12-01
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/oxford-university-press/response-to-the-paper-entitled-dopamine-mobilizes-mesenchymal-q2nip2zjHf
SP - 3285
EP - 3286
VL - 32
IS - 12
DP - DeepDyve
ER -