TY - JOUR
AU1 - Erman, Lee D.
AU2 - Hayes-Roth, Frederick
AU3 - Lesser, Victor R.
AU4 - Reddy, D. Raj
AB -  The Hearsay-II Speech-Understanding System: Integrating Knowledge to Resolve Uncertainty LEE D. ERMAN USC/Informatmn Scwnces Institute, Marina del Rey, Cahfornm 90291 FREDERICK HAYES-ROTH The Rand Corporatmn, Santa Mon~ca, Cahfornla 90406 VICTOR R. LESSER Unwerstty of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 D. RAJ REDDY Carneg~e-Mellon Unwerstty, Ptttsburgh, Pennsylvanm 15213 The Hearsay-II system, developed during the DARPA-sponsored five-year speechunderstanding research program, represents both a specific solution to the speechunderstanding problem and a general framework for coordinating independent processes to achieve cooperative problem-solving behavior. As a computational problem, speech understanding reflects a large number of intrinsically interesting issues. Spoken sounds are achieved by a long chain of successive transformations, from intentions, through semantm and syntactic structurmg, to the eventually resulting audible acoustic waves. As a consequence, interpreting speech means effectively inverting these transformations to recover the speaker's intention from the sound. At each step in the interpretive process, ambiguity and uncertainty arise. The Hearsay-II problem-solving framework reconstructs an intention from hypothetmal interpretations formulated at various levels of abstraction. In additmn, it allocates hmlted processing resources fwst to the most promising incremental actions. The final configuration of the Hearsay-II system comprises problem-solving components to generate and evaluate speech hypotheses, and a focus-of-control mechanism to 
TI - The Hearsay-II Speech-Understanding System: Integrating Knowledge to Resolve Uncertainty
JF - ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
DO - 10.1145/356810.356816
DA - 1980-06-01
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/association-for-computing-machinery/the-hearsay-ii-speech-understanding-system-integrating-knowledge-to-nXrSC3d6X2
SP - 213
VL - 12
IS - 2
DP - DeepDyve
ER -