TY - JOUR
AU - ELLIOTT, JOSEPH A.
AB - Abstract There are 50 types of skin lesions which are sometimes amenable to various forms of electrosurgery. Development of expertise in this modality depends on experience based on a sound understanding of fundamentals. Any form of physical energy is capable of producing destructive effects when carried beyond the limits of physiologic tolerance. The use of such destructive effects of heat generated in body tissue through tissue resistance to high-frequency alternating current is the basis of electrosurgery. Unipolar current with relatively high voltage and low amperage produces desiccation: cells are shrunken and shriveled and their nuclei are condensed and elongated. Bipolar current with lower voltage and higher amperage produces coagulation: tissue elements are fused into a structureless homogeneous mass with hyalinized appearance. References 1. Ward, G.E.: Electrosurgery , Amer J Surg 17:86-93 ( (July) ) 1932.Crossref 2. Sulzberger, MB., and Witten, V.H.: " Why Dermatologic Surgery ," in Epstein, E. (ed): Skin Surgery , ed 2, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1962, pp 15-22. 3. Kime, E.N.: Electrosurgery , New Eng J Med 200:532-539 ( (March 14) ) 1929. 4. Cumberbatch, E.P.: Discussions on Surgical Diathermy , Brit Med J 2:275-276 ( (Aug 29) ) 1921. 5. Stratton, E.K.: Electro-Desiccation and Electro-Coagulation as a Means of Destroying Benign and Malignant Skin Lesions , Calif Western Med 25:192-196 ( (Aug) ) 1926. 6. Kelly, H.A., and Ward, G.E.: Electrosurgery: Brief Review of Its Advent and Some of Its Uses , JAMA 98:638-639 ( (Feb 20) ) 1932.Crossref 7. Mock, H.E.: Electrosurgery: Discussion of Indications. Advantages, Disadvantages and Warnings Concerning Its Use , JAMA 104:2341-2350 ( (June 29) ) 1935.Crossref 8. Caulk, J.R., and Harris, W.: Study of Comparative Effects of Various High Frequency Currents and of Thermal Cauterization in Prostatic Resection , J Urol 32:449-480 ( (Nov) ) 1934. 9. Saunders, T.S.: Minimal Scarring After Electrodesiccation , Arch Derm 45:1165-1166 ( (June) ) 1942.Crossref 10. Sulzberger, M.B., and Heinlein, J.A.: Skin: Treatment by Physical Agents , in Glasser, O. (ed): Medical Physics , Chicago:Yearbook Publishers, 1950, vol 2, pp 988-994. 11. Ayres, S., Jr.: Precancerous Dermatoses , Calif Med 73:254-255 ( (Sept) ) 1950. 12. Templeton, H.J.: Cancer of the Skin , Calif Med 73:256-258 ( (Sept) ) 1950. 13. Klauder, J.V., and Beerman, H.: Melanotic Freckle (Hutchinson), Mélanose Circonscrite Pré cancéreuse (Dubreuilh) , Arch Derm 71:2-10 ( (Jan) ) 1955.Crossref 14. Solomon, L.M., and Beerman, H.: Amphotericin B and Electrodesiccation for Chromoblastomycosis , Arch Derm 87:492 ( (April) ) 1963.Crossref 15. Fowlkes, R.W., In discussion, Shaw, C.: Benign Pigmented Nevi: Survey of Treatment by Dermatologists , Southern Med J 46:286-290 ( (March) ) 1953. 16. Walton, R.G., and Cox, A.J.: Electrodesiccation of Pigmented Nevi , Arch Derm 87:342-349 ( (March) ) 1963.Crossref 17. Slaughter, D.P.: Superficial Tumors of Head and Neck Area , Surg Clin N Amer 28:69-81 ( (Feb) ) 1948. 18. Walton, R.G.; Sage, R.D.; and Farber, E.M.: Electrodesiccation of Pigmented Nevi: Biopsy Studies; Preliminary Report , Arch Derm 76:193-199 ( (Aug) ) 1957.Crossref 19. Baer, R.L., and Witten, V.H.: " Selected Benign Pigmented Cutaneous Lesions ," in Year Book of Dermatology and Syphilology , Chicago: Year Book Publishers, 1958-1959 series, pp 8-38. 20. Shaw, C.: Benign Pigmented Nevi: Survey of Treatment by Dermatologists , Southern Med J 46:286-290 ( (March) ) 1953.Crossref 21. Montgomery, H.: Pigmented Nevi: Differentiation and Treatment , Modern Med 18:87 ( (Nov 15) ) 1950. 22. Knox, J.M.; Freeman, R.G.; and Heaton, C.L.: Curretage and Electrodesiccation in Treatment of Skin Cancer , Southern Med J 55:1212-1215 ( (Nov) ) 1962.Crossref 23. Knox, J.M., and Freeman, R.G.: Treatment of Skin Cancer , Geriatrics 18:654-658 ( (Aug) ) 1963. 24. Danna, J.A.: Simple Treatment for Sebaceous Cyst , New Orleans Med Surg J 98:5-8, 1945. 25. Robbins, S.J., and Pensky, N.: Removal of Sebaceous Cysts by Electrosurgical Means , Arch Derm Syph 62:411-417 ( (Sept) ) 1950.Crossref 26. Poole, W.L.: Removal of Sebaceous Cysts by Fulguration , Southern Med J 51:103-105 ( (Jan) ) 1958.Crossref 27. Kanee, B.: Simplified One-Stage Electrosurgical Technique for Removal of Sebaceous Cysts , Canad Med Assoc J 85:1350-1352 ( (Dec 16) ) 1961. 28. Hartman, M.S.: Electrodesiccation: New Method of Application , Arch Derm 67:212-213 ( (Feb) ) 1953. 29. Strauss, A.A.; Appel, M.; and Saphir, O.: Electrocoagulation of Malignant Tumor , Amer J Surg 104:37-45 ( (July) ) 1962.Crossref 30. Kovacs, R.: Electrotherapy and Light Therapy , ed 6, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1949. 31. Pillsbury, D.M.; Shelley, W.B.; and Kligman, A.M.: Dermatology , Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1956. 32. Ayres, S., Jr., and Ayres, S., III: " Endothermy and Electrocoagulation ," in Epstein, E. (ed.): Skin Surgery , ed 2, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1962, pp 189-201. 33. Epstein, N.N.: " Electrodesiccation and Curettage ," in Epstein, E. (ed.): Skin Surgery , ed 2, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1962, pp 209-215. 34. Otto, J.F., and Blumberg, T.T.: Techniques of Office Electrosurgery , Cincinnati: Liebel-Flarsheim Company, 1949. 35. Instructions and Techniques for Operation, supplied with electrosurgical equipment by the various manufacturers. 36. Kelly, H.A., and Ward, G.E.: Electrosurgery , Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1932. 37. Morton, W.J.: On Statical Electro-Therapeutics; or, Treatment of Disease by Franklinism , Med Rec 19:367-371, 395-398 ( (April 9) ) 1881. 38. Morton, W.J.: New Current of Induction Electricity; or, New Method of Producing Electrical Nerve and Muscle Reactions , Med Rec 20:62-63, 1881. 39. d'Arsonval, A.: Méthode nouvelle pour exciter électriquement les nerfs et les muscles , Soc Biol 34:244-245, 1882. 40. Mitchell, J.P., and Lumb, G.N.: Principles of Surgical Diathermy and Its Limitations , Brit J Surg 50:314-320 ( (Nov) ) 1962.Crossref 41. d'Arsonval, A.: Action physiologique des courants alternatifs , Soc Biol 43:283-286 ( (May) ) 1891. 42. d'Arsonval, A.: Action physiologique des courants alternatifs á grande fréquence , Arch Physiol Norm Path 5:401-408 (5th series) 1893. 43. d'Arsonval, A.: Production des courants de haute fréquence et de grande intensité; leur effets physiologiques , Soc Biol 45:122-124, 1893. 44. Rivière, A.J.: Action des courants de haute fréquence et des effleuves du résonateur Oudin sur certaines tumeurs malignes , Journal de Médicine Interne , 4:776-777, 1900. 45. Doyen, D.: Sur la destruction des tumeurs cancéreuses accessibles par la méthode de la voltaisation bipolaire et de l'électro-coagulation thermique , Arch Elec Med 17:791-795, 1909. 46. Pozzi, M.: Remarques sur la fulguration , Bull Assoc Franc Cancer 2:64-69, 1909. 47. Nagelschmidt, F.: Zur Indiktion der Behandlung mit Hochfrequenzströmen , Deutsch Med Wschr 33:1025-1026; 1289-1291, 1907. 48. Clark, W.L.: Oscillatory Desiccation in Treatment of Accessible Malignant Growths and Minor Surgical Conditions: New Electrical Effect , J Adv Therap 29:169-183 ( (April) ) 1911. 49. Wyeth, G.A.: Endothermy, Surgical Adjunct in Accessible Malignancy and Precancerous Conditions , Surg Gynec Obstet 36:711-714, 1923. 50. Wyeth, G.A.: The Endotherm , Amer J Electrotherapeutics Radiology 42:186-187, 1924. 51. McLean, A.J.: Characteristics of Adequate Electrosurgical Current , Amer J Surg 18:417-441 ( (Dec) ) 1932.Crossref 52. Clark, W.L.; Morgan, J.D.; and Asnis, E.J.: Electrothermic Methods in Treatment of Neoplasms and Other Lesions, With Clinical and Histological Observations , Radiology 2:233-246 ( (April) ) 1924.Crossref 53. Bovie, W.T.: New Electro-Surgical Unit With Preliminary Note on New Surgical-Current Generator , Surg Gynec Obstet 47:751-752 ( (Dec) ) 1928. 54. Diathermy and Radio Interference, Council on Physical Medicine , JAMA 128:362-363 ( (June 2) ) 1945.Crossref 55. Federal Communications Commission Announces Its Regulations for Short Wave Diathermy Apparatus , JAMA 135:30-31 ( (Sept 6) ) 1947.Crossref 56. Cipollaro, A.C.: Restriction Regarding Use of Diathermy Apparatus , Arch Derm 61:117 ( (Jan) ) 1950.Crossref 57. FCC Rules for Diathermy Equipment Manufactured Prior to July 1, 1947, Council on Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , JAMA 150:487-488 ( (Oct 4) ) 1952.Crossref 58. McLean, A.J.: Bovie Electrosurgical Current Generator: Some Underlying Principles and Results , Arch Surg 18:1863-1873 ( (April) ) 1929.Crossref 59. Medal, R., et al: Controlled Radio-Frequency Generator for Production of Localized Heat in Intact Animal: Mechanism and Construction , Arch Surg 79:427-431 ( (Sept) ) 1959.Crossref 60. Huntoon, R.D.: Tissue Heating Accompanying Electrosurgery; An Experimental Investigation , Ann Surg 105:270-290 ( (Feb) ) 1937.Crossref 61. Linke, C.A.; Lounsberry, W.; and Goldschmidt, V.: Comparison of Tissue Heating in Ten Second Electrocoagulation and Ten Second Soldering Iron Lesions , Amer J Med Electronics 3:110-114 ( (April) -June) 1964. 62. Moritz, A.R., and Henriques, F.C., Jr.: Studies of Thermal Injury: II. Relative Importance of Time and Surface Temperature in Causation of Cutaneous Burns , Amer J Path 23:695-720 ( (Sept) ) 1947. 63. Ellis, J.D.: Electrosurgical Incision: Histologic Effects , Arch Surg 26:981-998 ( (June) ) 1933.Crossref 64. Gottesman, J.; Perla, D.; and Ziegler, J.M.: Effects of Electrocautery on Normal Tissues , Surg Gynec Obstet 51:667-673 ( (Nov) ) 1930. 65. Lounsberry, W., et al: Early Histologic Changes Following Electrocoagulation , J Urol 86:321-329 ( (Sept) ) 1961. 66. Murphy, J.J.; Glantz, W.; and Schoenberg, H.W.: Healing of Renal Wounds: III. Comparison of Electrocoagulation and Suture Ligation for Hemostasis in Partial Nephrectomy , J Urol 85:882-883 ( (June) ) 1961. 67. Spelman, A.E.: Effect of Radio Knife on Wound Healing , Amer J Surg 23:364-365 ( (Feb) ) 1934.Crossref 68. Ellis, J.D.: Rate of Healing of Electrosurgical Wounds as Expressed by Tensile Strength , JAMA 96:16-18 ( (Jan 3) ) 1931.Crossref
TI - Electrosurgery: Its Use in Dermatology, With a Review of Its Development and Technologic Aspects
JF - Archives of Dermatology
DO - 10.1001/archderm.1966.01600270090020
DA - 1966-09-01
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/american-medical-association/electrosurgery-its-use-in-dermatology-with-a-review-of-its-development-mVCn3XJMPc
SP - 340
EP - 350
VL - 94
IS - 3
DP - DeepDyve
ER -