TY - JOUR AU - Read, Stephen AB - 50 Thomas of Cleves and Collective Supposition STEPHEN READ 1. The Modes of Supposition In an anonymous commentary on Marsilius of Inghen's treatise on supposition, it is asked: "are there only three kinds of common [per- sonal] supposition?"1 1 The question is posed within the medieval theory of properties of terms, according to which various kinds or modes of supposition are ascribed to subject and predicate terms in propositions. Abstracting from the particular doctrines of particular authors, one may define the three standard modes of common personal supposition attributed to general terms in their occurrence in propositions as follows: The mode of common personal supposition of an occurrence of a general term t in a proposition P is i) determinate if P is equivalent to a disjunction of singulars with respect to t; ii) confused if not, and a) confused and distributive if P entails a conjunction of singulars with respect to t; b) merely confused if not but P entails the result of replacing t by a disjunct term 2 Here, the singulars of a proposition with respect to a general term t are propositions obtained by replacing t and any determiner before it I