TY - JOUR
AU - Nan, Fan-Hua
AB -  and The fleshy prawn Penaeus chinensis Os- beck (formerly known as P. orientalis Kish- inouye) is a typical penaeid which matures and spawns in sea water, spends postlarval and juvenile phases in brackish water, then returns to the sea as a preadult. It is also an important penaeid currently being cultured in China, Taiwan, and Korea (Chen, 1990). This species can be reared at salinities rang- ing from 20-32 ppt, which was considered the optimal level by Liu (1983). Chen et al. (1992) reported that, in temperature ranges of 25-31°C, juveniles of P. chinensis (0.92 ± 0.11 g) grow best in an isosmotic envi- ronment, while growth is less in a hypoos- motic environment. The effects of salinity and temperature on metabolism, and osmotic and ionic regu- lation of crustaceans have been widely stud- ied and reviewed (e.g., Mantel and Farmer, 1983). Ammonia accounts for 40-90% of nitrogenous excretion in crustaceans (Har- tenstein, 1970) and is released continually (Regnault, 1987). Most of the ammonia is excreted through the gill epithelium (Kinne, 1976). Oxygen consumption and ammo- nia-N (un-ionized plus ionized ammonia as nitrogen) excretion of crustaceans are af- fected by intrinsic factors, such as body size and molting 
TI - CHANGES OF OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND AMMONIA-N EXCRETION BY PENAEUS CHINENSIS OSBECK AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY LEVELS
JF - Journal of Crustacean Biology
DO - 10.1163/193724093X00273
DA - 1993-01-01
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/brill/changes-of-oxygen-consumption-and-ammonia-n-excretion-by-penaeus-fft0uok8cc
SP - 706
EP - 712
VL - 13
IS - 4
DP - DeepDyve
ER -