TY - JOUR
AU - 
AB - <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
               <jats:p>All-trans retinoic acid (RA) promotes the maturation and differentiation of B cells, which are known as a class of professional antigen-presenting cells. Here we have shown that CD1d, a MHC-class I-like molecule that presents lipid antigens, is expressed in the spleen mainly on B cells, and is increased by RA. Thus we hypothesized that RA and the CD1d ligand, α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer), could interact to promote the differentiation, maturation, and antibody response of antigen-activated B cells. αGalCer alone markedly stimulated and RA further increased B cell proliferation, synergizing with the B-cell antigen receptor. Combined treatment with RA and αGalCer also enriched a CD19hi B cell subpopulation, with higher CD1d expression, that exhibited a more differentiated phenotype in terms of sIgG1, CD138/syndecan-1 and PNA/Fas expression, as well as γ1 GLT, Pax-5, AID, and IRF-4, genes that control B cell proliferation and plasmacytic cell differentiation. In vivo, mice treated with RA and/or αGalCer during primary immunization with tetanus toxoid produced a higher anti-tetanus IgG response and, after reimmunization, had more bone marrow anti-tetanus antibody-secreting cells, indicative of heightened long-term memory. Thus, RA together with αGalCer can effectively regulate B cell proliferation and differentiation, ultimately promoting a more efficient antibody response to protein antigen.</jats:p>
TI - Retinoic acid and α-galactosylceramide differentially regulate CD19+ B cell activation in vitro and augment antibody production in vivo (130.20)
JF - The Journal of Immunology
DO - 10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.130.20
DA - 2010-04-01
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/crossref/retinoic-acid-and-galactosylceramide-differentially-regulate-cd19-b-Xakkq9F3LW
SP - 130.20
EP - 130.20
VL - 184
IS - 1_Supplement
DP - DeepDyve
ER -