TY - JOUR
AB - Agricola, Martin 116, 222n Albrecht V, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1579) 178–80 Algazi, Gadi 17, 18–19, 21 Anabaptism 59, 251n Anna Maria, Duchess of Württemberg 148 Anna of Denmark, Electress of Saxony 137 Anna of Württemberg (sister of Duke Christoph) 145–7, 147, 159 anniversaries, celebration of 288–9  see also Jubilee (1617) Appadurai, Arjun 134 Appiah, Kwame Anthony 19–20, 31 Aquila, Johann Caspar 274, 274n Aristotle 98, 108 Arndt, Johann 161, 207 Arnold, Gottfried 278 arts see music; visual arts Asisi, Yadegar 27, 28–9 astronomy 109–10, 112 Augsburg, peace of (1555) 16, 166, 199 August, Elector of Saxony (d. 1586) 275–6 Aurifaber, Johannes 268, 275, 277 Bachmayer, Wolfgang 99–100, 109–10, 111  Diagram of the solar eclipse 110, 112 bad behaviour, critiques of 70–2, 79, 83–4  see also excess; sexual activity Bakhtin, Mikhail 74–6 baptism 45n, 171–4  Calvinist-Lutheran differences 220, 224  Catholic adoption of Protestant practices 171–3  cross-confessional 172, 187–8  dispute over font 173–4  language of 172, 188 Barnes, Robin Bruce 213 Baum, Jacob 107 Baumhauer, Leonhard 148 Baumhauwer, Jacob 155 Bautzen, Lusatia  administration 169–71  significance for local Catholicism 168–9, 171 Bavaria, Duchy of see names of rulers Beare, Mary 240n, 261n Beham, Barthel 238 Beham, Sebald 238, 242, 251 Behem, Johann 247n bell-ringing 97, 101 Belting, Hans 246n Bembo, Pietro 60n Bergmann, Rosemarie 240n, 242, 260–1n Beyer, Valentin 275 Bible see Elijah; Genesis; Sachs, Hans Bildhauer, Bettina 227 Blöbelius, Christoph 173–4 blood, wonders involving 221–8 body, Lutheran understandings of 23–4, 49–50, 51–66, 77–9  bodily pleasures 50, 51–4, 103  frailty 84  images of 61–4  presence of Christ 58–61  see also Genesis; sexual activity; speech; suffering Bohemia see Lusatia Boaistuau, Pierre 217, 222 books, inscribed 274–5 Bora, Katherina von (Luther's wife) 11, 52, 53–4, 55, 58, 64 Bosch, Hieronymus 74 Bose, Johann Andreas 278 Boyd Brown, Christopher 119, 120 Brady, Thomas 15 Brahe, Tycho 109 Brandenburg  blood cults 223–4, 235  political/religious conditions 215–16, 220, 222–3, 230  supposed demonic possession cases 218–21 Brenz, Johannes 45, 159 Brinkmann, Inga 150 Bruegel, Pieter 74 Buchanan, George 135, 136 Buddeus, Johann Franz 283 Bugenhagen, Johannes 262 Burckhardt, Martin 158 Burke, Peter 60 Burnett, Amy 15n Bynum, Caroline Walker 20–1, 36n, 235 Caelius, Michael 262 Calvin, John/Calvinsim 29, 134, 270  Catholic attitudes to 178  commentary on Genesis 54  controversies with Lutheranism 220, 224  hymns/hymnbooks 137  Lutheran attacks on 230–4  spread of ideas 17, 26  teachings, divergence from Luther's 59, 60–1, 63, 90, 97, 110  threat to Lutheran supremacy 229–31  wonder books 216, 227 Camerarius, Ludwig 283 Castiglione, Baldassare 60n casts, post-mortem taking of 12, 79 Catholic integration/cooperation with Lutherans 26–7, 165–88  baptism 171–3  Communion 174–81  joint services 186–7, 189  mutually beneficial elements 172  Papal acceptance 178–80  reasons for 166  shared religious spaces 172, 186  see also convents, mixed-confessional Catholicism/Catholic Church  attitudes to suffering 33–6  ideological objections to 22, 24, 33, 63, 134  idiosyncratic interpretations 169  Lutheran mockery of 72, 78, 80  memorials 139–40  as minority religion 102, 165, 168–9  objections to Lutheran psalter 189  relic culture 26–7  responses to demonic possession 219–21  see also Catholic adoption of Protestant ideas/practices Celtis, Conrad 259n childbirth 46–8 choirs, conventual  authorities' reforms 195–7  calls for exclusion of certain confessions 204  centrality to monastic life 191–3, 199  disagreements over form of service 189  furnishings 192–3  location 192, 196–7  Lutheran criticisms 193–4  minority demands for alternative rites 200–1  non-attendance, consequences of 199 Christ  artistic depictions see Cranach, Lucas; crucifixes  physical/spiritual presence 45–6, 52, 58–61, 65  sufferings see Passion Christian II, Duke of Saxony (d. 1611) 121n Christoph, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1568) 142, 145–6, 148, 152, 156, 159 Clarenberg, convent of 199, 200–1 Clark, Stuart 98, 99n, 217 Classen, Albrecht 76–7 Cochlaeus, Johannes 14 Colerus, Jacob 219 Cologne, Archbishop of 199 Communion in both kinds 174–81  Catholic toleration of 174–6, 180–1  illustrations 176–8, 177  papal acceptance 178–9 Communion in one kind  Catholic preference for 174–6  illustrations 181  theological arguments for 176, 178 confessionalization 16–17, 213–14 convents, mixed-confessional 189–211  criticisms 193–4  internal tensions 189, 190–1, 197–8, 204–5, 210–11  male counterparts 194–5n  minority demands for alternative rites 200–1  negotiation of compromises 190, 191, 199–200, 201–3, 206–8  official interventions 205–6, 208–10  planned abolition 194–5  resistance to reform 194–7, 198–9  separation of confessions 205–6, 207, 211  testimony to hybrid practices 203–4  see also choirs, conventual; nuns Correll, Barbara 83 Cosgrove, Dennis 241 Cranach, Lucas (the Elder) 9, 38, 83–4, 94, 174, 242, 246, 248, 284  The Crucifixion (1538) 38–40, 41  Crucifixion of Christ (1502) 38–40, 38–40n, 39  Crucifixion with Centurion (1539) 38n  David and Bathsheba 127–9, 128  Frau Musica 131–2, 133  Law and Gospel 126–7  Passional Christi und Antichristi (woodcut illustrations) 72, 75  Wittenberg City Church predella 62–3 Crell, Johann Christian 280 Crowther, Kathleen 78 crucifixes, presence in sanctuaries 61–2 Crusius, Martin 139–40, 151–2, 158 culture(s)  differing understandings of 17–20  of Lutheranism 12–13, 20–2, 26–7, 29–30 Cyprian, Ernst Salomon 283, 284, 286, 288 Daniels, Stephen 241 de Kayser, Hendrick 269 deafness 92–3, 101–2 Dedekind, Friedrich  Der Christliche Ritter 81, 89  Grobianus 21, 67–8, 69, 72, 78–9, 81–3, 84, 85, 87–8, 104 Denck, Hans 251n Dennis, Flora 118, 122 Descartes, René 98 The Devil, presence in Lutheran literature/thought 215, 217–21  extent/limits of powers 218  see also possession, demonic ‘Devil books’ 70–2, 78 Dieterich, Conrad 99–104, 105, 110, 111, 266–7  lifestyle 103–4  sermons on the senses 101–4, 108–9 Dieterich, Daniel 109 Dietrich, Veit 194, 197, 208, 209, 210, 211, 275 drink, evils of 71–2, 73 Dürer, Albrecht 269–70 Dysmas, St 38–40, 39, 41 Eaton, Elizabeth, Bishop 30 Eber, Paul 137, 246 Eberhard I (Eberhard im Bart), Duke of Württemberg (d. 1596) 144–5 Eberhard III, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1674) 144, 160, 161–2 Eberlin, Johann 193–4 Ebert, Andreas 219 Ebner, Margaret 35, 36 Eck, Johannes 183 Edelkirchen, Anna von, Abbess 200 Edwards, Kathryn 226 Eickstedt, Ursula von 125 Eire, Carlos M. N. 13 Elijah (biblical figure), Luther compared to 265, 266, 267 Elisabeth, Duchess of Brandenburg (d. 1558) 114, 116, 196 Elisabeth of Saxony, Countess Palatine (d. 1590) 137 Elizabeth I of England 150 Emhart, Emerich 139–40, 163 Emser, Hieronymus 243 Engel, Andreas  anti-Calvinist writings 229–34  biography 215, 219  Annales Marchiae Brandenburgicae 228, 230–1  Calvinischer Betlersmantel 231–4, 232  Rerum Marchiarum Breviarum 228  WiderNatur und Wunderbuch see separate main heading Entzelt, Christoph 228 Erasmus, Desiderius 79 Erikson, Erik H. 52 Ernst, Georg 117 Ernst I, Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg 114 Eucharist 52, 65, 102 excess, critiques of  bodily indulgences 71–2, 83, 103–4 (see also sexual activity)  grief 161 exorcism 219–21 Fabricius, Johann Albrecht 279, 286–7 Faust, Johann Georg (historical figure) 67, 272 Faust (fictionalised character) see Historia von D. Johann Fausten Ferdinand I of Bohemia 174, 178–80 Fincel, Job 213, 217, 222, 230 Fischart, Johann  Flöh Harz 83  Geschichtklitterung 72, 104 Fischer, Marx 219 Fisher, Alexander 122 Fleischhauer, Werner 149, 150 fonts, decoration/disputes over 173–4, 175 food/drink, pleasures of 103 Formula of Concord (1577) 142 Francke, August Hermann 284 Frau Musica (Lady Music), allegorical figure 131–4, 133, 138 Frederick I of Prussia 189, 209 Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1688) 204, 205 Friderich, Mattheus, Wider den Sauffteufel 71–2, 73, 89 Friedrich I, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1608) 148–9, 150, 151, 152, 153 Friedrich Carl, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1698) 154 friendship albums 135–6 Friess, Hans Georg 103–4 Fritsch, David 283 Frobelius, Christoph 186–7 Fumo, Bartolomeo 172 funerals/funerary monuments 139–64  Catholic 139–40, 158–9  changing styles 149–50, 162–3  collections of inscriptions 155, 158  displays of grief 160–1  ephemeral nature 156–7  function of body/casket 159–60, 161–3  memorial books 153–4  print record valued above physical monument 154–8  relocation of remains 158–9  sermons 151–3, 155–6  social context 142–4  visibility 147–8 Furttenbach, Joseph, the Elder 99–100, 104–8, 110–11, 156  architectural designs 104–5, 107–8  background 104  Kirchengebäw 105, 106 Furttenbach, Joseph, the Younger 105 Gabelkover, Johann Jakob 158 Gaimster, David 129 Galileo Galilei 270 Geertz, Clifford 18 Geier, Martin 157 Genesis, Book of 52, 54–8  artistic representations 63, 87  cited in funeral contexts 161  duality of Luther's commentary 55, 56–8  pre-Lutheran commentaries 56 Georg I von Hessen-Darmstadt, Landgrave 149 Gerhardt, Johann 207 Gerhardt, Paul 161 Germer, Hans 224–5 gesture 95 Gillen, Eckhart 28 Girlich, Martin 46–8 Glaser, Peter 42 Gleich, Johann Andreas 281 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 270n Goetz, Georg Heinrich 281, 282 gold  as emblem of misleading appearance 67–9  non-monetary symbolisms 69 Goltwurm, Caspar 213, 217, 222 good works, as path to salvation 63, 78, 89, 134 Goulart, Simon 216, 216n, 219, 227 Grafton, Anthony 285 Gregory, Brad S. 51 Greyerz, Kaspar von 166 Grien, Hans Baldung 270 Grubner, Johann Christian 284–5 Gugerli, David 280n Güttel, Caspar 277 Habermann, Johann 207 Habsburg dynasty 140, 145, 167–8 Hahn, Philip 24, 159 Harms, Wolfgang 255n, 258n Hass, Johannes 169 Hausväterliteratur 93 Heal, Bridget 15 Heal, Felicity 134 hearing 91, 101–2  physical vs. spiritual 92–3, 101 Helbach, Wendelin 68, 83 Helen, St 62 Hempel, Michael 157–8 Henze, Helene 254–5, 259n Herberger, Valerius 265 Herdecke, convent of 200, 201 Hergott, Hans 242n Heumann, Christian August 274 Heyden, Sebaldus 45 Heymair, Magdalena 121 Hilten, Johann 228, 229 Historia von D. Johann Fausten (anon., 1587) 67, 67n, 69, 85 Hocker, Jodocus 71 Hoënegg, Matthias Hoë von 268 Holbein, Hans 244  Totentanz 85–6, 86 Holl, Karl 13, 15 Honold, Jacob 110–11 Horst, Gregor 108–9 Hovel, Helena von, Abbess 202 Huberinus, Caspar 40, 42, 43–4 humour  range of functions/responses 76–7  role in marriage 57–8  scatological 23, 70, 74–6, 78–9 Hus, Jan 182, 223, 244 hymns/hymnbooks 116–17, 120–1, 136–7  Catholic adoption/adaptation of Lutheran 165, 176–8, 182–4  cross-confessional migration 166  illustrations 176–8, 177, 184–5, 185  sung in the home 125 Illyricus, Matthias Flacius 42, 44 images, ideological objections to 90  see also crucifixes; visual arts incense, burning of 107, 108 Irenaeus, Christoph 213, 218n, 222 Jenner, Mark 24 Jesuits 158–9, 267 Jews, pogroms/expulsions 222–3 Joachim I, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1535) 220, 224 Joachim Ernst of Württemberg (son of Eberhard III) 162 Joachim Friedrich, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1608) 276 Johann Casimir, Elector Palatine (d. 1592) 137 Johann Friedrich, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1628) 148, 149–50 Johann Friedrich, Elector of Saxony (d. 1553) 262–3, 275 Johann Georg II, Elector of Saxony (d. 1680) 288 Johann I von Pfalz-Zweibrücken, Pfalzgraf 149–50 Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine (d. 1716) 208–10 John Chrysostom, St 86 jokes see humour Jonas, Justus 262, 280 Josephus, Flavius 224–5 Jubilee (1617) 11–12, 24, 100 Juncker, Christian 282, 287 Jussen, Bernard 40n Karant-Nunn, Susan 37–8 Karlstadt, Andreas Bodenstein von 15n, 61 Karsthans (anon., 1521) 80 Kaufmann, Thomas 14, 51, 99, 214 Kawerau, Gustav 278n Kepler, Johannes 98, 99, 108–11, 112 Kilian, Martin 135 Kircher, Athanasius 110 Klatten, Judith 218–19 Knöfel, Johann 135n Koerner, Joseph 79, 87 Kolb, Robert 266n Könneker, Barbara 76 Körber, Otto, A Consoling Instruction 46–7 Koslofsky, Craig 20, 40n, 141 Krafft, Johann Melchior (collector) 281, 282 Krafft, Johann (printer) 129–31, 130, 132 Kramm, Heinrich 276n Krause, Helmut 240, 251n, 260–1n Kröner, Johann 148 Küchler, Paul 174 Kymaeus, Johannes 43 Lauban (modern Lubań, Poland) 186–7 Laube, Stefan 273, 278–9n laughter, emotions giving rise to 76–7 Lautensack, Paul III 126 Leaver, Robin 123 Leisentrit, Gregor 171 Leisentrit, Johann 169–86  Catholic criticisms of 184  cooperation with Lutherans 178  disapproval of Calvinsim 178  handling of baptism issues 171–3  handling of Communion 174–81  hardening of attitudes towards Lutheranism 186  on heresy 183, 186  Geistliche Lieder und Psalmen 165, 176–8, 177, 182–6 Leonardo da Vinci 132 letters  collection/editing 276, 283–4  in private collections 276–7  rediscovery 280–1 Letzner, Johannes 268 Leuckfeld, Johann Georg 280–1 Linck, Wenzeslaus 45n Lindenau, Sigmund von 54 Lindner, Tobias 173–4 Lixander, Olaus 136 Lohse, Bernhard 58 Löscher, Valentin Ernst 283, 284, 286 Lucius, Jakob (the Elder) 132 Ludecus, Matthaeus 223–4 Ludwig, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1593) 147, 148, 152, 156 Ludwig I von Württemberg-Urach, Count 145–7, 146 Luebke, David 25 Lüneburg convents 197–8 Lusatia (region of Bohemia) 165–88  Catholic minority, social/legal status 165, 168–9  confessional composition 165, 168  cross-confessional practices 165–7  fluctuations in overlordship 167–8  introduction of Lutheranism 168  see also Bautzen Luther, Johann Ernst (grandson) 284 Luther, Johann Martin (great-grandson) 284 Luther, Johann Martin II (great-great-grandson) 284–5, 285n Luther, Martin, personal attributes  artistic representations 9–10, 11, 12, 27–8, 50, 279  biographies 14, 14n, 52, 265, 268–9  books 274–6  cult of see ‘Luther cult’  death 10, 14–15, 258–9, 262  domestic furnishings 130  dominant place in Reformation studies 27–9  fluctuations in posthumous reputation 265–73  letters/manuscripts 276–8, 278n, 280–4  marriage/sex life 11, 52–4, 55, 58, 64  memorialization 287–9  models/effigies 12, 30  in modern popular culture 30  physical appearance/public persona 9–12, 14–15, 50, 263–4, 266  possessions 273–4  posthumous attacks on 267  temporal context 64–5 Luther, Martin, views/attitudes  on blood cults 223  on the Body of Christ 45–6, 52, 58–61  on domestic tasks 121–2  on the female body 55, 56–7  on Genesis narrative 54–8  on gesture 95  on marriage/sexual relations 52–4, 55, 57–8  on monasticism 193–4  on music 122–4, 131–2, 133–4  on the senses 92–3  on suffering 36–7 Luther, Martin, works  Abbildung des Bapstums 78, 80  ‘Ach Gott vom Himmel sieh darein’ (hymn) 116–17  Admonition to Prayer against the Turks 12n  Avoiding the Doctrines of Men 243  ‘Christum wir sollen loben schon’ (hymn) 183–4  Der Prophet Sacharja ausgelegt 244–5  ‘Ein feste Burg’ (hymn) 116, 138  Explanation of Two Horrible Figures (with Philipp Melanchthon) 229  The Freedom of a Christian 243, 250, 253  hymns 116–17, 138, 165, 182–4  A Meditation on Christ’s Passion 37  psalms, translated from Latin 189, 195, 197, 207, 209  Sermon on Indulgence and Grace 37, 242  Sermon on the New Testament 248n  Smaller Catechism 127  Symphoniae Iucundae 134–5  Table Talk 12n, 244 Luther, Paul (son) 275–6, 277, 284 ‘Luther cult’ 26–7, 263–4, 269–73, 280–9  compared with other venerated figures 269–70  demythologisation 266–9  memorialization 287–9  origins 280–1  reasons for interest in 285–6, 289  relics 273–8, 280–5  sites of memory 278–80 Lutheranism  centenary see Jubilee (1617)  church architecture 105, 107–8  conversions to 114  culture of see culture  definitions 10  doctrine of salvation 44–5, 84–5, 89  funerary practices/culture 140–4, 158–9, 160–1, 162–4  historiography 13–17, 96  importance of music 119–25  interaction with other faiths 166 (see also Catholic integration/cooperation with Lutherans)  internal conflicts 22–3  origins 22  relationship with other confessions 26  religious identity 20–2  ridicule of opponents 72–4  sacraments see baptism; Communion  and sensory perception see sensory perception Lycosthenes, Konrad 222 Machwitz, Joachim von 135 Maestlin, Michael 109 Magdalena Sibylla von Hessen-Darmstadt, Duchess of Württemberg (d. 1712) 153–4, 158, 161, 162, 163 Magdalena zur Lippe, Countess of Hessen-Darmstadt (d. 1587) 149 Maimonides (Moses ben Maimon) 31 Mansfeld, Grafschaft (County)  chronicles 9–10, 11  public monuments 149–50 manuscripts 276–8, 278n, 280–3 maps 9–10 Marbach, Johannes 43, 43n Marburg Colloquy (1529) 59–60 marriage  advocated for clergy 57–8  aristocratic ceremonies 114–16  forbidden to clergy 168  sex within 54  see also humour; Luther, Martin, personal attributes; sexual activity material goods/wealth 67–89  duality of Lutheran ideas 69–70  warnings of illusory nature 67–9 Mathesius, Johannes 265, 268, 271n, 285 Mattathias ben Johanan 155 Mauss, Marcel 134 Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor 227 Mayer, Johann Friedrich 283–4, 285n McGinn, Bernard 35n, 36n Mechthild, Countess of Württemberg 145–7, 146 Meissen, Bishop of 174, 187 Melanchthon, Philipp 11, 58, 109, 212, 262, 276n, 280, 285  Explanation of Two Horrible Figures (with Luther) 229  Liber de anima 108  Passional Christi und Antichristi 72, 75, 242  Vita Lutheri 265 Mellinger, Johannes 9 memory, sites of 278–80 Merback, Mitchell 38, 38–40n Merckel, Johann Friedrich 158 Meuche, Hermann 246n, 247 Midelfort, H.C. Erik 217 Milner, Matthew 98 Molière (Jean-Baptiste Poquelin) 270 Moller, Martin 161 monasteries 194–5n monstrous births 225–6 Moritz, Duke of Saxony (d.1553) 127 Morrall, Andrew 126 Müntzer, Thomas 27, 28, 182  Conditor alme siderum 183 Murner, Thomas 80 Murphy, Emilie K.M. 122 Murrhe, Michaël 226 Musculus, Andreas 71, 83, 224 Musculus, Johannes 224 music 114–38  allegorised representations 131–2  artistic depictions 114–17, 126, 129–34, 130  centrality to confessional culture 119–25  as gift 134–8  in the home 118, 121–2, 125–34, 138  instruments 114–16, 126, 134  in Lutheran churches 97, 101  physicality of 123–4  practical musicianship (Musica Practica) 131  printed books 117–18, 125–6  spiritual benefits 123, 132  studies 95, 118–19, 124–5 Myconius, Friedrich 271 Nas, Johann 258n Neoplatonism 60n Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von 272 Neumeister, Ingeborg 242n Newe deudsche geistliche Gesenge (anon., 1544) 138 Nicolas of Lyra 55, 56 nobles  burial/memorials 142–64, 144  marriage 114–15 Nörmiger, Augustus 121n Nuber, Georg 268 nudity, in art 63 nuns  participation in shared services 186–7  planned abolition of distinctions from laity 194–5  see also convents Ochsenkhun, Sebastian 126 Oecolampadius, Johannes 59 Oettinger, Johann 153 Oettinger, Rebecca 120 Osiander, Andreas 238–40 Ottheinrich, Elector of the Palatinate 126 Papacy  attacks on 72, 78, 80, 183, 209, 229–30, 238–40, 244  sanctioning of Communion in two kinds 178–80 Paracelsus (Theophrastus von Hohenheim) 272 Parker, Hal 60 Passion, doctrines of 48–50 Peasants' War (1524-5) 27, 28, 80, 183, 222, 229 Pencz, Georg 238, 247, 248, 249 Petrarch 270 Pettegree, Andrew 246–7, 255 Philip William, Duke of Neuburg-Pfalz 205 physical appearance 81–4  excessive pride in 82  linked to moral worth 55–6  misleading nature 67–9  stereotypes 83 Pius V, Pope 172–3 place, constructions of 25–6 plague, outbreaks of 107–8 Platter, Felix 108–9 Poach, Andreas 275 Ponickau, Johann Georg von 157 Poppo XII, Count of Henneberg-Schleusingen, tablecloth celebrating marriage 114–17, 117n, 125, 127, 132 possession, demonic 217–21  alleged occurrences 218–20  Catholic/Lutheran responses 219–21  mass outbreaks 219 Praetorius, Johann, Calvinisch Gasthauß 231–4, 233 Praetorius, Michael 135 Praetorius, Zacharias 9–10 print, development of 153–5, 238–9 Probus, Anton 268 prodigies 212–36  see also wonder books prophecies 93–4 Rabelais, François 70, 72, 74–6, 104 Rabus, Ludwig 80, 83 Ranke, Leopold von 15 Ratzeberger, Matthäus 275 Rebhahn, Nicholas 279 Regnart, Jacob 137 Rehdiger, Thomas 283 Reinhard, Wolfgang 16 relics 270–3  books 274–6  lack of interest in 274–80  letters/manuscripts 276–8, 280–4  and Luther cult 273–4  Protestant, nature of 270–1, 273  renewal of interest in 280–5  stocktaking 281 religious identity, formation of 20–2 Rhau, Georg 116, 131 Rhegius, Urbanus 49, 86 Rhein, Stefan 278–9n Richter, David 277, 285 rituals 95–6 Rivander, Zacharias, Lutherus Redivivus 12n Roper, Lyndal 9, 14, 37, 50, 52n, 70, 222n, 273 Rörer, Georg 275, 277 Rose, Stephen 119, 135 Roth, Stefan 275 Röttinger, Heinrich 242n Rublack, Ulinka 17, 20, 79, 81, 136, 274 Russell, Paul 253 Rüttel, Andreas 148, 156 Ryrie, Alec 15, 21, 22 Sabina, Duchess of Württemberg 151 Sachs, Hans 22, 25, 237–61  animal imagery 241–2, 259–60n  Biblical landscapes 247–50  dream settings 253–60  printed works 238–9  urban settings 250–3  vineyard imagery 243–7  Book of Trades 81  ‘Characteristics of the Twelve Clean Birds’ 259n  A Conversation about the Sham Works of the Clergy 251  A Conversation between an Evangelical Christian and a Lutheran 251–3, 254  A Dialogue Containingan Argument of the Romans against the Christian Flock 251–3  Disputation between a Canon and a Shoemaker 250–1, 252  Epitaph or Lament on the Body of Doctor Martin Luther 258–9  Fastnachspiele 81  Germany’s Lament to Faithful Eckart 259–60, 259n  ‘God’s Lament for his Vineyard, Laid Waste by Human Teachings and Commands’ 243–7  The House of the Wise Man and the House of the Foolish Man 242  Lady Theology Tortured 256–7n, 256–8, 257, 258n  Lady Truth Suppressed 256–7n  The Lamenting Gospel 256  The Nightingale of Wittenberg 237, 238, 239, 241–2, 244, 250, 258  The Seven-Headed Papal Beast of Revelation 240, 240n, 244n  Seven Worldly Obstacles Encountered by the Person Who Seeks Christ 247–50, 247n, 249, 253  The Sheepfold of Christ 242–3, 244  The Spiritual Vineyard 245–6  A Wondrous Prophecy about the Papacy (with Osiander) 238–40 Sagittarius, Johann Christfried 283–4, 286 salvation, doctrines of 44–6, 78, 84–9 Salzmann, Wilhelm 84 Sam, Konrad 107 sanctuaries, decoration of 52, 61–4  verbal 65 Sarcerius, Erasmus 40–2 satire 72–6, 84 Scheidt, Caspar  Der Todtentanz (Dance of Death) 85–6, 88  translation of Grobianus 67–8, 78–9, 87–8 Schenda, Rudolf 217, 228n Schildesche, convent of 189, 204, 206–10, 211 Schiller, Friedrich 270n Schilling, Heinz 16, 51, 230 Schmalkaldic League/War 99, 196, 259 Schmid, Johann Andreas (professor) 284 Schmid, Johann (pastor) 150, 158 Schmid, Joseph (sculptor) 145 Schön, Erhard 238, 242, 243, 245–7, 259–60n Schönebeck, Peter von 191–2 Schöpffer, Justus 287–8n Schott, Caspar 110 Schwenke, Michael 175 Scribner, Robert 9, 15, 17, 18, 120, 213n Sebisch, Georg 155 Seckendorff, Veit Ludwig von 286 Selnecker, Nicholas 208, 210, 265 Senfl, Ludwig 122 sensory perception 24–5, 90–113  Aristotelian theory 98, 108–9, 110  Catholic vs. Lutheran attitudes 92  centrality to Lutheran thought 90–1, 111–13  and Fall of Man 108  historical changes 96–8, 111–13  and lay prophecies 93–4  limitations of scholarship 98–9  sermons on 101–4, 108–9  see also hearing; smell; vision sexual activity  acceptability 52–4, 55, 57–8  Edenic 55–7  limits on acceptability 65, 71 Shakespeare, William, The Merchant of Venice 68–9 signatures, collection of 135–6 Sinner’s Mirror for Confession (anon., 1510) 34 smell, sense/experiences of 96  and public health 107–8 Smith, Bruce 122, 136 Smith, Mark M. 98 solar eclipse (1654) 110, 112 Solger, Adam Rudolph 283 Solms-Lich, Anna zu 136–7 Sophia of Saxony, Princess 121n Sophie Charlotte of Hanover, Queen 159 Sophie of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, Countess Henneberg-Schleusingen 114–15, 121n soteriology see salvation ‘soundscapes’ 95 Spangenberg, Cyriacus 9–10, 13, 21, 56, 80–1, 266, 268–9 Spangenberg, Johannes 9, 48 speech 79–81 Spriewald, Ingeborg 240n, 260–1n Steffens, Martin 278–9nn Stella, Tilemann 9 Stolberg-Wernigerode, Count of 283 Stüber, Johann Ernst 155–6, 157 suffering 33–50  Catholic attitudes to 33–6  pedagogical role 46  as penance 33–6  spirtual, as greater than physical 40–4 Suso, Henry 35  Life of the Servant 35–6, 35nn syncretism 166–7 Tacitus, P. Cornelius 259n Tanneberg, Hieronymus 48–9 Taylor, Charles 50 Tentzel, Wilhelm Ernst 281–2, 284, 286, 289 Tetzel, Johann 169 Theiß, Winfried 254–5, 255nn theology, studies/role in Reformation 15–16, 30–2 Thirty Years War 16, 288, 289 Thomas Aquinas, St 34n Totentanz (Dance of Death) 85–7, 86, 88 Tralles, Johann Anton 155 Tübingen collegiate church 142, 143, 144–7, 151, 155 Tübke, Werner 27 Uffenbach, Johann Friedrich Hermann von 283 Ulm 90, 99–111  Catholic minority 102  celestial phenomena 109, 110  church architecture 105, 107–8  Jubilee celebrations (1617) 100–1  public health concerns 107–8  wall paintings 90, 100 Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1550) 144–5, 151–2 Ursinus, Zacharias 267 Veit, Patrice 119 Vetter, Conrad 267 Vincke, Anna Sybilla von, Abbess 208–10 vineyard, allegorical image of 243–6 vision 91, 101–2 visual arts, role in Lutheran thought 94  see also names of artists/subjects Vogel, Matthias 42 von der Hardt, Hermann 282n, 283 Wachter, Georg 256–7n Walch, Johann Georg 282–3, 286, 289 Walsham, Alexandra 15, 25, 29–30, 212, 237 Walter, Johann (C16 poet) 132 Walter, Johann Gottlob (C18 biographer) 277, 282–3 Waltmann, Eberhard 223 Weidenteich, Anton 125–6 Weinsberg, Hermann von 35 Weislinger, Johann 288–9 Weismann, Ehrenreich 160–1 Weiss, Michael 120–1 Weller, Hieronymus 42 Wernsdorff, Gottlieb 284 Westphal, Joachim 83 Westphalia, Peace of (1648) 203, 205 Wickram, Georg 259n WiderNatur und Wunderbuch (Engel) 26, 214–36  biblical influences/imagery 226–7  influence 216–17  on monstrous births 225–6  relationship with Engel's other writings 228, 234  social/literary context 215–16, 230  theme of blood 215, 221–8  treatment of demonic possession 215, 217–21 Wilhelm V, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1626) 150 William V of Jülich-Cleves, Duke (d. 1592) 198–9, 202 Wittenberg  City Church 62–3 conversion of Luther family home 279–80 modern town 27–8 Wolff, Johann 216 Woller, Jacob 143, 148 Wolrab, Hans 176 Wolsey, Thomas 270 women  physical form 55, 56–7  as temptresses 55, 83  see also childbirth wonder books 25–6, 212  studies 214n  see also WiderNatur und Wunderbuch Württemberg, Duchy of 139–64  see also names of Dukes/Duchesses Zeitz, Saxony 282, 284–5 Zell, Katharina Schütz 120–2, 125, 133, 245 Zemon Davis, Natalie 15, 134 Zwingli, Ulrich 29, 270, 272  influence in Ulm 90, 99, 100, 102  teachings, contrasted with Luther's 59, 60, 61, 97, 101, 110, 123 © The Past and Present Society
TI - Index(Page numbers in italic refer to illustrations. n = footnote.)
JO - Past & Present
DO - 10.1093/pastj/gtx062
DA - 2017-11-01
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/oxford-university-press/index-page-numbers-in-italic-refer-to-illustrations-n-footnote-TZoqAhbsuD
SP - 291
VL - 234
IS - suppl_12
DP - DeepDyve
ER -