TY - JOUR
AU - Werner, J
AB -  Editorial Biomed. Technik, 49 (2004), 298-299 Editorial J. Werner, Chair of Biomedical Engineering, Ruhr-University Bochum, and Member of the Editorial Board of Biomedical Engineering The control engineering field in medicine may be divided in four main areas [1]: I. Systems for functional restoration and artificial organs. II. Assistant and robotic systems. III. Educational and training systems. IV. Clinical laboratory automation. Clinical laboratory automation (area IV) is characterized by the fact that there is often no direct contact or informational exchange between the process, the patient and the medical doctor during the analysis, i. e. the systems used are neither interactive nor cooperative. On the other hand, the systems developed in the other three areas always involve direct bidirectional information exchange and interaction with the patient or/and the medical staff. Typical examples of area III educational and training systems are multi-mode simulators used for the learning and training of new medical treatments as well as for planning and carrying out therapeutic intervention. Such systems are interactive in the sense that information and energy are exchanged between the human being and the technical system, while the system is supervised and controlled by the ,,human operator". Those systems are cooperative, too, 
TI - Control Engineering Methods and Systems in Cardiology and Cardio-Surgery
JF - Biomedizinische Technik / Biomedical Engineering
DO - 10.1515/BMT.2004.055
DA - 2004-11-01
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/de-gruyter/control-engineering-methods-and-systems-in-cardiology-and-cardio-NJGD7sN5V2
SP - 298
EP - 299
VL - 49
IS - 11
DP - DeepDyve
ER -