TY - JOUR AU1 - Pratt, John AB - AbstractThis is the first of a two-part paper on penal exceptionalism in Scandinavia—that is, low rates of imprisonment and humane prison conditions. Part I examines the roots of this exceptionalism in Finland, Norway and Sweden, arguing that it emerges from the cultures of equality that existed in these countries which were then embedded in their social fabrics through the universalism of the Scandinavian welfare state. TI - Scandinavian Exceptionalism in an Era of Penal Excess JF - The British Journal of Criminology DO - 10.1093/bjc/azm072 DA - 2008-03-01 UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/oxford-university-press/scandinavian-exceptionalism-in-an-era-of-penal-excess-LuYyracqwc SP - 119 EP - 137 VL - 48 IS - 2 DP - DeepDyve ER -