TY - JOUR
AU1 - Ahmed, M.
AU2 - Shakaib, M.
AU3 - Siddiqui, M.
AB - Combustion of fuel with an oxidizer in an internal combustion engine generates significant amount of mechanical energy but results in product gases that are harmful for the environment. The energy produced and the pollutant gases formed while operation of any engine depend on several factors such as engine type, fuel characteristics, geometry of the combustion chamber, and operating conditions. This paper examines the effect of fuel injector orientation on NOx emission in a compression ignition engine using a computational tool. Combustion in CI engine is one of the most challenging and complex problems to study. A computational modelling is employed for the investigations and the result is analyzed to propose an effective orientation of fuel injector. The tendencies of in-cylinder pressure variation with crank angle degree are found identical for different fuel injector orientations. The in-cylinder mass fraction of fuel, greenhouse gases, and regulated pollutants are quantified and presented. The plots of in-cylinder temperature variation with crank angle degree are also reported. The computer simulations show that temperature values are high when fuel injection angle is large. The time-averaged maximum temperature reaches up to 1442 K when the fuel injector angle is 72°, but when the injector angle is 24°, the temperature reduces to 1250 K. NOx mass fraction is also found to be lowest with this injector orientation. Based on the findings of temperature and emissions, it is suggested that moderate fuel injector angles (24–40°) can be considered suitable for the CI engines. A 24° fuel injector orientation provides 11 ppm NOx, a significantly lower quantity than 261 ppm NOx which is obtained when the orientation is 72° during this work. Therefore, 24° fuel injector orientation is recommended as a fixed operating parameter to decrease NOx emission in a diesel engine. The application of the approach is demonstrated on a 738-cc 4-stroke single cylinder direct injection diesel engine, but it is equally valid for other engines, provided the engine dimensions are incorporated. Conversely, the solution approach could be extended for different fuels, engine operating conditions, or engine types.
TI - Investigation of Fuel Injector Orientation Effects on Nitric Oxide (NO) Formation and Emission in a Compression Ignition Engine
JF - Emission Control Science and Technology
DO - 10.1007/s40825-025-00263-w
DA - 2025-06-01
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/springer-journals/investigation-of-fuel-injector-orientation-effects-on-nitric-oxide-no-4f9W1kIa2c
VL - 11
IS - 1
DP - DeepDyve
ER -