TY - JOUR
AU1 - Westin, Alan F.
AB -  SPECIAL REPORT Legal Safeguards to Insure Privacy in a Computer Society By ALAN F. WESTIN,* Columbia University, New York From the earliest days of the American Republic, our legal and political system has been devoted to placing limits on the powers of surveillance that authorities can conduct over the lives of individuals and private groups. This tradition of limiting surveillance goes back to a stream of development in Western history t h a t begins at least as early as the democratic Greek city-state and represented one of the keystones of the American Constitution. When the Framers wrote, physical surveillance over individuals and groups was possible only in terms of actual entry onto property, eavesdropping on conversations by ear, and overlooldng individuals. To place limits on these forms of surveillance, the American Constitution required that searches and seizures by government be "reasonable," describing specifically the places to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. Reasonableness was determined by a judicial inquiry in which law enforcement ofFmers had to establish probable cause and were examined by a judge about the scope and conduct of the inquiry. When the Framers wrote, psychological surveillance over individuals was possible 
TI - Special report: legal safeguards to insure privacy in a computer society
JF - Communications of the ACM
DO - 10.1145/363566.363579
DA - 1967-09-01
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/association-for-computing-machinery/special-report-legal-safeguards-to-insure-privacy-in-a-computer-3bWOSLDmJ4
SP - 533
VL - 10
IS - 9
DP - DeepDyve
ER -