TY - JOUR
AU - Simkin, T
AB -  Volcanoes are powerful agents of change. Sometimes the changes are broadly destructive, as in the 1 99 1 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, in the Philippines. Sometimes they cost tens of thousands of lives, as in the tragic 1985 eruption of Colombia's Nevado del Ruiz. And sometimes they are even beneficial, as in the replenishment of nutrients by ashfall on Java's fertile fields, or the inventive use of geothermal energy by most oflceland's population. The 1980 eruption of Mount St . Helens, in the northwestern United States, heightened volcano consciousness in much of the western world, and the decade since has seen dramatic increases not only in vol­ canological research but also in interdisciplinary studies. Extraterrestrial volcanism has received much attention, and on this planet several narrowly averted catastrophes have energized the air transport industry to find ways of keeping modern jumbo jets away from volcanic ash clouds. The main interdisciplinary interest, however, has focused on the global climatic impact of major eruptions. Aerosols formed from volcanic gases are distributed throughout the lower stratosphere after major eruptions, and act as a fi lter, or "sunscreen," to reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. This natural agent 
TI - Terrestrial Volcanism in Space and Time
JF - Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
DO - 10.1146/annurev.ea.21.050193.002235
DA - 1993-05-01
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/annual-reviews/terrestrial-volcanism-in-space-and-time-0q6WphvgPH
SP - 427
EP - 452
VL - 21
IS - 1
DP - DeepDyve
ER -