Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
A. Lin, F. Shic, C. Enriquez, B. Ross (2003)
Reduced glutamate neurotransmission in patients with Alzheimer's disease–an in vivo 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy studyMagnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine, 16
E. Shapiro, A. Borthakur, Alexander Gougoutas, R. Reddy (2002)
23Na MRI accurately measures fixed charge density in articular cartilageMagnetic Resonance in Medicine, 47
T. Jernigan, D. Salmon, N. Butters, J. Hesselink (1991)
Cerebral structure on MRI, part II: Specific changes in Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseasesBiological Psychiatry, 29
K. Strange (1992)
Regulation of solute and water balance and cell volume in the central nervous system.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 3 1
G. Siegel, B. Agranoff, R. Albers, P. Molinoff (1989)
Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects
J. Seab, J. Seab, W. Jagust, W. Jagust, S. Wong, M. Roos, B. Reed, T. Budinger (1988)
Quantitative NMR measurements of hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's diseaseMagnetic Resonance in Medicine, 8
N. Tayara, B. Delatour, C. Cudennec, M. Guégan, A. Volk, M. Dhenain (2006)
Age-related evolution of amyloid burden, iron load, and MR relaxation times in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's diseaseNeurobiology of Disease, 22
J. Sandstede, H. Hillenbrand, M. Beer, T. Pabst, F. Butter, W. Machann, W. Bauer, D. Hahn, S. Neubauer (2004)
Time course of 23Na signal intensity after myocardial infarction in humansMagnetic Resonance in Medicine, 52
M. House, T. Pierre, J. Foster, R. Martins, R. Clarnette (2006)
Quantitative MR imaging R2 relaxometry in elderly participants reporting memory loss.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 27 2
D. Alsop, J. Detre, M. Grossman (2000)
Assessment of cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer's disease by spin‐labeled magnetic resonance imagingAnnals of Neurology, 47
R. Reddy, E. Insko, J. Leigh (1997)
Triple quantum sodium imaging of articular cartilageMagnetic Resonance in Medicine, 38
R. Ouwerkerk, K. Bleich, J. Gillen, M. Pomper, P. Bottomley (2003)
Tissue sodium concentration in human brain tumors as measured with 23Na MR imaging.Radiology, 227 2
A. Ramani, J. Jensen, J. Helpern (2006)
Quantitative MR imaging in Alzheimer disease.Radiology, 241 1
J. Bigby (1988)
Harrison's Principles of Internal MedicineArchives of Dermatology, 124
(1992)
N-acetyl-L-aspartate and other amino acid metabolites in Alzheimer’s disease brain: a preliminary proton nuclear magnetic resonance study
M. Alecci, S. Romanzetti, J. Kaffanke, A. Celik, H. Wegener, N. Shah (2006)
Practical design of a 4 Tesla double-tuned RF surface coil for interleaved 1H and 23Na MRI of rat brain.Journal of magnetic resonance, 181 2
Navin Bansal, M. Germann, V. Seshan, G. Shires, Craig Malloy, A. Sherry (1993)
Thulium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(methylene phosphonate) as a 23Na shift reagent for the in vivo rat liver.Biochemistry, 32 21
Shao‐Pow Lin, Sheng-Kwei Song, Jeffrey Neil (2001)
Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia
C. Jack, M. Slomkowski, S. Gracon, T. Hoover, J. Felmlee, K. Stewart, Yuecheng Xu, M. Shiung, P. O'brien, R. Cha, D. Knopman, R. Petersen (2003)
MRI as a biomarker of disease progression in a therapeutic trial of milameline for ADNeurology, 60
P. Hrdina (1996)
Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects.Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 21
M. Falangola, M. Falangola, V. Dyakin, Sangpil Lee, Sang-Pil Lee, A. Bogart, J. Babb, K. Duff, K. Duff, K. Duff, R. Nixon, R. Nixon, J. Helpern (2007)
Quantitative MRI reveals aging‐associated T2 changes in mouse models of Alzheimer's diseaseNMR in Biomedicine, 20
N. Arispe, E. Rojas, H. Pollard (1993)
Alzheimer disease amyloid beta protein forms calcium channels in bilayer membranes: blockade by tromethamine and aluminum.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 90
T. Harrison (1955)
Principles of internal medicineThe American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 230
R. Gonzalez, A. Guimaraes, G. Moore, A. Crawley, L. Cupples, J. Growdon (1996)
Quantitative In Vivo 31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Alzheimer DiseaseAlzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 10
N. Kabani, J. Sled, H. Chertkow (2002)
Magnetization Transfer Ratio in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia of Alzheimer's TypeNeuroImage, 15
A. Borthakur, T. Gur, A. Wheaton, Matthew Corbo, J. Trojanowski, V. Lee, R. Reddy (2006)
In vivo measurement of plaque burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer's diseaseJournal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 24
R. Bartha, Ravi Menon (2004)
Long component time constant of 23Na T *2 relaxation in healthy human brainMagnetic Resonance in Medicine, 52
J. Morris, S. Weintraub, H. Chui, J. Cummings, C. DeCarli, S. Ferris, N. Foster, Douglas Galasko, N. Graff-Radford, E. Peskind, D. Beekly, E. Ramos, W. Kukull (2006)
The Uniform Data Set (UDS): Clinical and Cognitive Variables and Descriptive Data From Alzheimer Disease CentersAlzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 20
R. Cohen (2007)
The Application of Positron-Emitting Molecular Imaging Tracers in Alzheimer’s DiseaseMolecular Imaging and Biology, 9
A. Borthakur, I. Hancu, F. Boada, G. Shen, E. Shapiro, R. Reddy (1999)
In vivo triple quantum filtered twisted projection sodium MRI of human articular cartilage.Journal of magnetic resonance, 141 2
D. Beekly, E. Ramos, G. Belle, Woodrow Deitrich, A. Clark, M. Jacka, W. Kukull (2004)
The National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) Database: An Alzheimer Disease DatabaseAlzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 18
M. Horn (2004)
23Na magnetic resonance imaging for the determination of myocardial viability: the status and the challenges.Current vascular pharmacology, 2 4
K. Blennow, H. Hampel (2003)
CSF markers for incipient Alzheimer's diseaseThe Lancet Neurology, 2
D. Clayton, R. Lenkinski (2003)
MR imaging of sodium in the human brain with a fast three-dimensional gradient-recalled-echo sequence at 4 T.Academic radiology, 10 4
R. Reddy, L. Bolinger, M. Shinnar, E. Noyszewski, J. Leigh (1995)
Detection of Residual Quadrupolar Interaction in Human Skeletal Muscle and Brain in vivo via Multiple Quantum Filtered Sodium NMR SpectraMagnetic Resonance in Medicine, 33
G. Bartzokis, G. Bartzokis, G. Bartzokis, Jim Mintz, Peter Marx, Diane Osborn, Daniel Gutkind, Frances Chiang, C. Phelan, Stephen Marder, Stephen Marder (1993)
Reliability of in vivo volume measures of hippocampus and other brain structures using MRI.Magnetic resonance imaging, 11 7
Andreana Haley, J. Knight‐Scott, K. Fuchs, V. Simnad, C. Manning (2004)
Shortening of hippocampal spin-spin relaxation time in probable Alzheimer's disease: a 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy studyNeuroscience Letters, 362
C. Jack, R. Petersen, P. O'Brien, E. Tangalos (1992)
MR‐based hippocampal volumetry in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's diseaseNeurology, 42
R. Mark, K. Hensley, D. Butterfield, M. Mattson (1995)
Amyloid beta-peptide impairs ion-motive ATPase activities: evidence for a role in loss of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis and cell death, 15
R. Stobbe, C. Beaulieu (2005)
In vivo sodium magnetic resonance imaging of the human brain using soft inversion recovery fluid attenuationMagnetic Resonance in Medicine, 54
P. Turski, L. Houston, W. Perman, J. Hald, D. Turski, C. Strother, J. Sackett (1987)
Experimental and human brain neoplasms: detection with in vivo sodium MR imaging.Radiology, 163 1
M. Jansen, J. Emous, M. Nederhoff, C. Echteld (2004)
Assessment of Myocardial Viability by Intracellular 23Na Magnetic Resonance ImagingCirculation, 110
F. Boada, James Christensen, F. Huang‐Hellinger, T. Reese, K. Thulborn (1994)
Quantitative in vivo tissue sodium concentration maps: The effects of biexponential relaxationMagnetic Resonance in Medicine, 32
W. Perman, P. Turski, L. Houston, G. Glover, C. Hayes (1986)
Methodology of in vivo human sodium MR imaging at 1.5 T.Radiology, 160 3
F. Jessen, F. Traeber, K. Freymann, Wolfgang Maier, H. Schild, W. Block (2006)
Treatment monitoring and response prediction with proton MR spectroscopy in ADNeurology, 67
Raymond Kim, R. Judd, Enn‐ling Chen, D. Fieno, Todd Parrish, João Lima (1999)
Relationship of elevated 23Na magnetic resonance image intensity to infarct size after acute reperfused myocardial infarction.Circulation, 100 2
C. Watson, F. Andermann, P. Gloor, M. Jones-Gotman, T. Peters, A. Evans, A. Olivier, D. Melanson, G. Leroux (1992)
Anatomic basis of amygdaloid and hippocampal volume measurement by magnetic resonance imagingNeurology, 42
J. Cummings, R. Doody, C. Clark (2007)
Disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer diseaseNeurology, 69
C. Jack, R. Petersen, Yuecheng Xu, P. O'Brien, Glenn Smith, R. Ivnik, E. Tangalos, E. Kokmen (1998)
Rate of medial temporal lobe atrophy in typical aging and Alzheimer's diseaseNeurology, 51
Nick Fox, S. Cousens, R. Scahill, R. Harvey, M. Rossor (2000)
Using serial registered brain magnetic resonance imaging to measure disease progression in Alzheimer disease: power calculations and estimates of sample size to detect treatment effects.Archives of neurology, 57 3
G. Steidle, H. Graf, F. Schick (2004)
Sodium 3-D MRI of the human torso using a volume coil.Magnetic resonance imaging, 22 2
M. Higuchi, N. Iwata, Y. Matsuba, Kumi Sato, K. Sasamoto, T. Saido (2005)
19F and 1H MRI detection of amyloid beta plaques in vivo.Nature neuroscience, 8 4
M. Alecci, C. Collins, James Wilson, Wanzhan Liu, Michael Smith, P. Jezzard (2003)
Theoretical and experimental evaluation of detached endcaps for 3 T birdcage coilsMagnetic Resonance in Medicine, 49
A. Borthakur, E. Mellon, Sampreet Niyogi, W. Witschey, J. Kneeland, R. Reddy (2006)
Sodium and T1ρ MRI for molecular and diagnostic imaging of articular cartilageNMR in Biomedicine, 19
F. Boada, George LaVerde, C. Jungreis, E. Nemoto, C. Tanase, I. Hancu (2005)
Loss of cell ion homeostasis and cell viability in the brain: what sodium MRI can tell us.Current topics in developmental biology, 70
N. Campeau, R. Petersen, J. Felmlee, P. O'Brien, C. Jack (1997)
Hippocampal transverse relaxation times in patients with Alzheimer disease.Radiology, 205 1
K. Thulborn, T. Gindin, D. Davis, P. Erb (1999)
Comprehensive MR imaging protocol for stroke management: tissue sodium concentration as a measure of tissue viability in nonhuman primate studies and in clinical studies.Radiology, 213 1
I. Hancu, F. Boada, G. Shen (1999)
Three‐dimensional triple‐quantum–filtered 23Na imaging of in vivo human brainMagnetic Resonance in Medicine, 42
M. Sugishita, K. Furukawa (2011)
[Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR)].Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 69 Suppl 8
S. Nielles-Vallespin, M. Weber, M. Bock, A. Bongers, P. Speier, S. Combs, J. Wöhrle, F. Lehmann-Horn, M. Essig, L. Schad (2007)
3D radial projection technique with ultrashort echo times for sodium MRI: Clinical applications in human brain and skeletal muscleMagnetic Resonance in Medicine, 57
T. Shimizu, H. Naritomi, T. Sawada (2004)
Sequential changes on23Na MRI after cerebral infarctionNeuroradiology, 35
W. Rooney, C. Springer (1991)
The molecular environment of intracellular sodium: 23Na NMR relaxationNMR in Biomedicine, 4
This Article Free to Access Figures Only Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: ajnr.A1495v1 ajnr.A1495v2 ajnr.A1495v3 ajnr.A1495v4 30/5/978 most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Mellon, E.A. Articles by Reddy, R. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Mellon, E.A. Articles by Reddy, R. Hotlight (NEW!) What's Hotlight? American Journal of Neuroradiology 30:978-984, May 2009 © 2009 American Society of Neuroradiology FUNCTIONAL Sodium MR Imaging Detection of Mild Alzheimer Disease: Preliminary Study E.A. Mellon a , D.T. Pilkinton a , C.M. Clark b , M.A. Elliott a , W.R. Witschey, 2nd a , A. Borthakur a and R. Reddy a a Department of Radiology, MMRRCC, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa b Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa Please address correspondence to Eric Mellon, B1 Stellar-Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6100; e-mail: eric@mail.mmrrcc.upenn.edu BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is significant interest in the development of novel noninvasive techniques for the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD) and tracking its progression. Because MR imaging has detected alterations in sodium levels that correlate with cell death in stroke, we hypothesized that there would be alterations of sodium levels in the brains of patients with AD, related to AD cell death. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 10 volunteers (5 with mild AD and 5 healthy control subjects) were scanned with a 20-minute sodium ( 23 Na) MR imaging protocol on a 3T clinical scanner. RESULTS: After normalizing the signal intensity from the medial temporal lobes corresponding to the hippocampus with the ventricular signal intensity, we were able to detect a 7.5% signal intensity increase in the brains of patients with AD (AD group, 68.25% ± 3.4% vs control group, 60.75% ± 2.9%; P < .01). This signal intensity enhancement inversely correlated with hippocampal volume (AD group, 3.22 ± 0.50 cm 3 vs control group, 3.91 ± 0.45 cm 3 ; r 2 = 0.50). CONCLUSIONS: This finding suggests that sodium imaging may be a clinically useful tool to detect the neuropathologic changes associated with AD. This article has been cited by other articles: M. Inglese, G. Madelin, N. Oesingmann, J. S. Babb, W. Wu, B. Stoeckel, J. Herbert, and G. Johnson Brain tissue sodium concentration in multiple sclerosis: a sodium imaging study at 3 tesla Brain, March 1, 2010; 133(3): 847 - 857. Abstract Full Text PDF Home Subscribe Author Instructions Submit Online Search the AJNR Archives Feedback Help Copyright © 2010 by the American Society of Neuroradiology. Print ISSN: 0195-6108 Online ISSN: 1936-959X
American Journal of Neuroradiology – American Journal of Neuroradiology
Published: May 1, 2009
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.