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Abstract The technical development desires always for new materials, materials with more perfect properties, better purity, and frequently with new properties that cannot be expected of materials prepared by conventional technologies. It is often necessary to prepare materials in metastable state, with non-equilibrium distribution of impurities or in the structures which do not correspond to the equilibrium structure of the given material. The development of the material sciences, which study the processes of formation of the new phase (e. g. processes of solidification, molecular beam epitaxy etc.) in dependence on external conditions, is connected with preparation of such materials. While under the conditions near the thennodynamical equilibrium the prediction of the properties of a new phase can rely on the conception of equilibrium phase diagrams (which is nowadays the classical and highly developed branch of physical chemistry) based on the conditions of phase equilibria, another situation is encountered in the case of formation of a new phase under conditions far from the thermodynamic equilibrium. In this case we cannot lean upon the equations describing the thermodynamic equilibrium (e.g. the equality of the chemical potentials of different phases) and it is necessary to model the whole evolution of the
Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics – de Gruyter
Published: Jan 1, 1993
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