Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
Loading next page...
/lp/american-meteorological-society/a-second-moment-closure-model-of-langmuir-turbulence-00fPGNqGKc
References (36)
-
S. Crow (1968)
Viscoelastic properties of fine-grained incompressible turbulenceJournal of Fluid Mechanics, 33
-
G. Mellor, Tetsuji Yamada (1982)
Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problemsReviews of Geophysics, 20
-
Ming Li, C. Garrett (1993)
Cell merging and the jet/downwelling ratio in Langmuir circulationJournal of Marine Research, 51
-
S. Carniel, M. Sclavo, L. Kantha, C. Clayson (2005)
Langmuir cells and mixing in the upper ocean, 28
-
(2010)
Prandke, 2010: A note on Stokes production -
(2004)
2004a: The oceanic boundary layer driven by wave breaking with stochastic variability -
J. Polton, Jerome Smith, Jennifer MacKinnon, A. Tejada-Martínez (2008)
Rapid generation of high‐frequency internal waves beneath a wind and wave forced oceanic surface mixed layerGeophysical Research Letters, 35
-
(1986)
An analysis of closures -
1988: A quasiequilibrium turbulent energy model for geophysical flows -
(1951)
Statistische Theorie nichthomogener Turbulenz, 1 -
L. Kantha, H. Lass, H. Prandke (2010)
Erratum to: A note on stokes production of turbulence kinetic energy in the oceanic mixed layer: observations in the Baltic SeaOcean Dynamics, 60
-
(2002)
Nonlocal fluxes in strokes drift -
J. McWilliams, P. Sullivan (2000)
Vertical Mixing by Langmuir CirculationsSpill Science & Technology Bulletin, 6
-
H. Burchard (2001)
On the q2l equation by Mellor and Yamada (1982)Journal of Physical Oceanography, 31
-
S. D’Alessio, K. Abdella, N. McFarlane (1998)
A New Second-Order Turbulence Closure Scheme for Modeling the Oceanic Mixed LayerJournal of Physical Oceanography, 28
-
A. Craik, S. Leibovich (1976)
A rational model for Langmuir circulationsJournal of Fluid Mechanics, 73
-
J. Rotta (1951)
Statistische Theorie nichthomogener TurbulenzZeitschrift für Physik, 131
-
R. Harcourt, E. D’Asaro (2010)
Measurement of Vertical Kinetic Energy and Vertical Velocity Skewness in Oceanic Boundary Layers by Imperfectly Lagrangian FloatsJournal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 27
-
W. Large, J. McWilliams, S. Doney (1994)
Oceanic vertical mixing: a review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterizationOceanographic Literature Review, 7
-
J. McWilliams, P. Sullivan, C. Moeng (1997)
Langmuir turbulence in the oceanJournal of Fluid Mechanics, 334
-
(2005)
Clayson, 2005: Langmuir cells andmixing in the upper ocean.Nuovo Cimento -
E. D’Asaro (2001)
Turbulent Vertical Kinetic Energy in the Ocean Mixed LayerJournal of Physical Oceanography, 31
-
P. Sullivan, J. McWilliams, W. Melville (2004)
The oceanic boundary layer driven by wave breaking with stochastic variability. Part 1. Direct numerical simulationsJournal of Fluid Mechanics, 507
-
R. Harcourt, Elizabeth Steffen, R. Garwood, E. D’Asaro (2002)
Fully Lagrangian Floats in Labrador Sea Deep Convection: Comparison of Numerical and Experimental ResultsJournal of Physical Oceanography, 32
-
L. Kantha, H. Lass, H. Prandke (2010)
A note on Stokes production of turbulence kinetic energy in the oceanic mixed layer: observations in the Baltic SeaOcean Dynamics, 60
-
J. McWilliams, E. Huckle, Jun‐Hong Liang, P. Sullivan (2012)
The Wavy Ekman Layer: Langmuir Circulations, Breaking Waves, and Reynolds StressJournal of Physical Oceanography, 42
-
R. Harcourt, E. D’Asaro (2006)
Large-Eddy Simulation of Langmuir Turbulence in Pure Wind SeasJournal of Physical Oceanography, 38
-
P. Craig, M. Banner (1994)
Modeling Wave-Enhanced Turbulence in the Ocean Surface LayerJournal of Physical Oceanography, 24
-
A. Grant, S. Belcher (2009)
Characteristics of Langmuir Turbulence in the Ocean Mixed LayerJournal of Physical Oceanography, 39
-
B. Galperin, L. Kantha, S. Hassid, A. Rosati (1988)
A Quasi-equilibrium Turbulent Energy Model for Geophysical FlowsJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 45
-
L. Roekel, B. Fox‐Kemper, P. Sullivan, P. Hamlington, S. Haney (2012)
The form and orientation of Langmuir cells for misaligned winds and wavesJournal of Geophysical Research, 117
-
W. Smyth, E. Skyllingstad, G. Crawford, H. Wijesekera (2002)
Nonlocal fluxes and Stokes drift effects in the K-profile parameterizationOcean Dynamics, 52
-
G. Mellor, Tetsuji Yamada (1974)
A Hierarchy of Turbulence Closure Models for Planetary Boundary Layers.Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 31
-
C. Moeng, J. Wyngaard (1986)
An Analysis of Closures for Pressure-Scalar Covariances in the Convective Boundary LayerJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 43
-
L. Kantha, C. Clayson (1994)
An improved mixed layer model for geophysical applicationsJournal of Geophysical Research, 99
-
L. Kantha, C. Clayson (2004)
On the effect of surface gravity waves on mixing in the oceanic mixed layerOcean Modelling, 6
- Publisher
- American Meteorological Society
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2012 American Meteorological Society
- ISSN
- 0022-3670
- eISSN
- 1520-0485
- DOI
- 10.1175/JPO-D-12-0105.1
- Publisher site
- See Article on Publisher Site
Abstract
The Reynolds stress equation is modified to include the Craik–Leibovich vortex force, arising from the interaction of the phase-averaged surface wave Stokes drift with upper-ocean turbulence. An algebraic second-moment closure of the Reynolds stress equation yields an algebraic Reynolds stress model (ARSM) that requires a component of the vertical momentum flux to be directed down the gradient of the Stokes drift, in addition to the conventional component down the gradient of the ensemble-averaged Eulerian velocity. For vertical and horizontal component fluctuations, the momentum flux must be closed using the form , where the coefficient is generally distinct from the eddy viscosity or eddy diffusivity . Rational expressions for the stability functions , , and are derived for use in second-moment closure models where the turbulent velocity and length scales are dynamically modeled by prognostic equations for and . The resulting second-moment closure (SMC) includes the significant effects of the vortex force in the stability functions, in addition to source terms contributing to the and equations. Additional changes are made to the way in which is limited by proximity to boundaries or by stratification. The new SMC model is tuned to, and compared with, a suite of steady-state large-eddy simulation (LES) solutions representing a wide range of oceanic wind and wave forcing conditions. Comparisons with LES show the modified SMC captures important processes of Langmuir turbulence, but not without notable defects that may limit model generality.
Journal
Journal of Physical Oceanography – American Meteorological Society
Published: Jun 15, 2012