Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
C. Bradshaw (2012)
Little left to lose: deforestation and forest degradation in Australia since European colonizationJournal of Plant Ecology, 5
Bigg (1973)
Ice nucleus concentrations in remote areasJ. Atmos. Sci., 30
W. Tao, Jen‐Ping Chen, Zhanqing Li, Chien Wang, Chidong Zhang (2012)
Impact of aerosols on convective clouds and precipitationReviews of Geophysics, 50
W. Junkermann, J. Hacker (2015)
Ultrafine particles over Eastern Australia: an airborne surveyTellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 67
J. Kala, T. Lyons, U. Nair (2011)
Numerical Simulations of the Impacts of Land-Cover Change on Cold Fronts in South-West Western AustraliaBoundary-Layer Meteorology, 138
K. Kamilli, J. Ofner, B. Lendl, P. Schmitt‐Kopplin, A. Held (2015)
New particle formation above a simulated salt lake in aerosol chamber experimentsEnvironmental Chemistry, 12
Mark Andrich, J. Imberger (2013)
The effect of land clearing on rainfall and fresh water resources in Western Australia: a multi-functional sustainability analysisInternational Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 20
E. Bigg, D. Turvey (1978)
Sources of atmospheric particles over AustraliaAtmospheric Environment, 12
M. Gallagher, E. Nemitz, J. Dorsey, D. Fowler, M. Sutton, M. Flynn, J. Duyzer (2002)
Measurements and parameterizations of small aerosol deposition velocities to grassland, arable crops, and forest: Influence of surface roughness length on depositionJournal of Geophysical Research, 107
G. Miguez-Macho, G. Stenchikov, A. Robock (2004)
Spectral nudging to eliminate the effects of domain position and geometry in regional climate model simulationsJournal of Geophysical Research, 109
B. Fersch, H. Kunstmann (2014)
Atmospheric and terrestrial water budgets: sensitivity and performance of configurations and global driving data for long term continental scale WRF simulationsClimate Dynamics, 42
E. Bigg (1973)
Ice Nucleus Concentrations in Remote AreasJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 30
S. Uppala, P. Kållberg, A. Simmons, U. Andrae, V. Bechtold, M. Fiorino, J. Gibson, J. Haseler, A. Hernandez, G. Kelly, Xiao‐Ming Li, K. Onogi, S. Saarinen, N. Sokka, R. Allan, E. Andersson, K. Arpe, M. Balmaseda, A. Beljaars, L. Berg, J. Bidlot, N. Bormann, S. Caires, F. Chevallier, A. Dethof, M. Dragosavac, M. Fisher, M. Fuentes, S. Hagemann, E. Holm, B. Hoskins, L. Isaksen, P. Janssen, R. Jenne, A. Mcnally, J. Mahfouf, J. Morcrette, N. Rayner, R. Saunders, P. Simon, A. Sterl, K. Trenberth, A. Untch, D. Vasiljevic, P. Viterbo, J. Woollen (2005)
The ERA‐40 re‐analysisQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 131
T. Delworth, F. Zeng (2014)
Regional rainfall decline in Australia attributed to anthropogenic greenhouse gases and ozone levelsNature Geoscience, 7
D. Saunders (1989)
Changes in the Avifauna of a region, district and remnant as a result of fragmentation of native vegetation: the wheatbelt of western Australia. A case studyBiological Conservation, 50
D. Karoly (2014)
Climate change: Human-induced rainfall changesNature Geoscience, 7
C. Klein, D. Heinzeller, J. Bliefernicht, H. Kunstmann (2015)
Variability of West African monsoon patterns generated by a WRF multi-physics ensembleClimate Dynamics, 45
S. Heever, G. Stephens, N. Wood (2011)
Aerosol Indirect Effects on Tropical Convection Characteristics under Conditions of Radiative-Convective EquilibriumJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 68
W. Grabowski (2006)
Indirect impact of atmospheric aerosols in idealized simulations of convective-radiative quasi-equilibrium
Andreae (2009)
Correlation between cloud condensation nuclei concentration and aerosol optical thickness in remote and polluted regionsAtmos. Chem. Phys., 9
B. Albrecht (1989)
Aerosols, Cloud Microphysics, and Fractional CloudinessScience, 245
Seoung-Soo Lee, G. Feingold (2013)
Aerosol effects on the cloud-field properties of tropical convective cloudsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13
T. Delworth, A. Rosati, W. Anderson, A. Adcroft, V. Balaji, R. Benson, K. Dixon, S. Griffies, Hyun-Chul Lee, R. Pacanowski, G. Vecchi, A. Wittenberg, F. Zeng, Rong‐Hua Zhang (2012)
Simulated Climate and Climate Change in the GFDL CM2.5 High-Resolution Coupled Climate ModelJournal of Climate, 25
P. Ginoux, M. Chin, I. Tegen, J. Prospero, B. Holben, O. Dubovik, Shian‐Jiann Lin (2001)
Sources and distributions of dust aerosols simulated with the GOCART modelJournal of Geophysical Research, 106
H. Storch, H. Langenberg, F. Feser (2000)
A Spectral Nudging Technique for Dynamical Downscaling PurposesMonthly Weather Review, 128
W. Junkermann, J. Hacker, T. Lyons, U. Nair (2009)
Land use change suppresses precipitationAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 9
B. Bates, P. Hope, B. Ryan, I. Smith, S. Charles (2008)
Key findings from the Indian Ocean Climate Initiative and their impact on policy development in AustraliaClimatic Change, 89
M. Weisman, W. Skamarock, J. Klemp (1997)
The resolution dependence of explicitly modeled convective systemsMonthly Weather Review, 125
G. Thompson, T. Eidhammer (2014)
A Study of Aerosol Impacts on Clouds and Precipitation Development in a Large Winter CycloneJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 71
A. Seifert, C. Köhler, K. Beheng (2011)
Aerosol-cloud-precipitation effects over Germany as simulated by a convective-scale numerical weather prediction modelAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 12
J. Ruprecht, N. Schofield (1991)
Effects of partial deforestation on hydrology and salinity in high salt storage landscapes. II. Strip, soils and parkland clearingJournal of Hydrology, 129
I. Harris, P. Jones, T. Osborn, D. Lister (2014)
Updated high‐resolution grids of monthly climatic observations – the CRU TS3.10 DatasetInternational Journal of Climatology, 34
P. Colarco, A. Silva, M. Chin, T. Diehl (2010)
Online simulations of global aerosol distributions in the NASA GEOS‐4 model and comparisons to satellite and ground‐based aerosol optical depthJournal of Geophysical Research, 115
R. Allan, T. Ansell (2006)
A new globally complete monthly historical gridded mean sea level pressure dataset (HadSLP2): 1850-2004Journal of Climate, 19
E. Noble, L. Druyan, M. Fulakeza (2014)
The Sensitivity of WRF Daily Summertime Simulations over West Africa to Alternative Parameterizations. Part I: African Wave CirculationMonthly Weather Review, 142
Y. Qian, D. Gong, Jiwen Fan, L. Leung, R. Bennartz, Deliang Chen, Weiguo Wang (2009)
Heavy pollution suppresses light rain in China: Observations and modelingJournal of Geophysical Research, 114
E. Bigg, S. Soubeyrand, C. Morris (2015)
Persistent after-effects of heavy rain on concentrations of ice nuclei and rainfall suggest a biological causeAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15
A. Prein, A. Gobiet, M. Suklitsch, H. Truhetz, N. Awan, K. Keuler, G. Georgievski (2013)
Added value of convection permitting seasonal simulationsClimate Dynamics, 41
M. Andreae (2008)
Correlation between cloud condensation nuclei concentration and aerosol optical thickness in remote and polluted regionsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 9
It is commonly understood that the observed decline in precipitation in southwestern Australia during the twentieth century is caused by anthropogenic factors. Candidates therefore are changes to large-scale atmospheric circulations due to global warming, extensive deforestation, and anthropogenic aerosol emissions—all of which are effective on different spatial and temporal scales. This contribution focuses on the role of rapidly rising aerosol emissions from anthropogenic sources in southwestern Australia around 1970. An analysis of historical long-term rainfall data of the Bureau of Meteorology shows that southwestern Australia as a whole experienced a gradual decline in precipitation over the twentieth century. However, on smaller scales and for the particular example of the Perth catchment area, a sudden drop in precipitation around 1970 is apparent. Modeling experiments at a convection-resolving resolution of 3.3 km using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model version 3.6.1 with the aerosol-aware Thompson–Eidhammer microphysics scheme are conducted for the period 1970–74. A comparison of four runs with different prescribed aerosol emissions and without aerosol effects demonstrates that tripling the pre-1960s atmospheric CCN and IN concentrations can suppress precipitation by 2%–9%, depending on the area and the season. This suggests that a combination of all three processes is required to account for the gradual decline in rainfall seen for greater southwestern Australia and for the sudden drop observed in areas along the west coast in the 1970s: changing atmospheric circulations, deforestation, and anthropogenic aerosol emissions.
Journal of Climate – American Meteorological Society
Published: Jan 21, 2016
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.