Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
L. Labeyrie, H. Leclaire, C. Waelbroeck, E. Cortijo, J. Duplessy, L. Vidal, M. Elliot, B. LeCoat (2013)
Temporal variability of the surface and deep waters of the North West Atlantic Ocean at orbital and
R. Seager, D. Battisti, J. Yin, N. Gordon, N. Naik, A. Clement, M. Cane (2002)
Is the Gulf Stream responsible for Europe's mild winters?Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 128
(1978)
Freezing point of seawater
T. Keffer, D. Martinson, B. Corliss (1988)
The Position of the Gulf Stream During Quaternary GlaciationsScience, 241
W. Austin, F. Hibbert (2012)
Tracing time in the ocean: a brief review of chronological constraints (60–8 kyr) on North Atlantic marine event-based stratigraphiesQuaternary Science Reviews, 36
H. Stommel (1993)
A Conjectural Regulating Mechanism for Determining the Thermohaline Structure of the Oceanic Mixed LayerJournal of Physical Oceanography, 23
C. Waelbroeck, A. Paul, M. Kučera, A. Rosell‐Melé, M. Weinelt, R. Schneider, A. Mix (2009)
Constraints on the magnitude and patterns of ocean cooling at the Last Glacial Maximum: report of the MARGO Project, 11
J. Meditch (1972)
Applied optimal controlIEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 17
R. Szoeke (1980)
On the Effects Of Horizontal Variability of Wind Stress on the Dynamics of the Ocean Mixed LayerJournal of Physical Oceanography, 10
(1997)
Seasonal variability ofmixed layer depth for the World Ocean
G. Reverdin, P. Niiler, H. Valdimarsson (2003)
North Atlantic Ocean surface currentsJournal of Geophysical Research, 108
B. Cushman-Roisin (1981)
Effects of Horizontal Advection on Upper Ocean Mixing: A Case of FrontogenesisJournal of Physical Oceanography, 11
R. Zahn (1994)
Core correlationsNature, 371
A. Ginzburg, A. Kostianoy, N. Sheremet (2007)
Sea Surface Temperature Variability
P. Liebelt (1967)
An Introduction To Optimal Estimation
P. Braconnot, B. Otto‐Bliesner, S. Harrison, S. Joussaume, J.-Y. Peterchmitt, A. Abe‐Ouchi, M. Crucifix, E. Driesschaert, T. Fichefet, C. Hewitt, M. Kageyama, A. Kitoh, A. Laîné, M. Loutre, O. Marti, U. Merkel, G. Ramstein, P. Valdes, S. Weber, Yongqiang Yu, Yan Zhao (2007)
Results of PMIP2 coupled simulations of the Mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum - Part 1: experiments and large-scale featuresClimate of The Past, 3
A. Verdière, H. Merchier, M. Arhan (1989)
Mesoscale Variability Transition from the Western to the Eastern Atlantic along 48°NJournal of Physical Oceanography, 19
B. Efron, R. Tibshirani (1994)
An Introduction to the Bootstrap
(1976)
The surface of the ice-age Earth.Science, 191 4232
P. Pérez-Brunius, T. Rossby, D. Watts (2004)
Absolute Transports of Mass and Temperature for the North Atlantic Current– Subpolar Front SystemJournal of Physical Oceanography, 34
W. Ruddiman, A. Mcintyre (1981)
The Mode and Mechanism of the Last Deglaciation: Oceanic EvidenceQuaternary Research, 16
U. Pflaumann, M. Sarnthein, M. Chapman, L. d'Abreu, B. Funnell, M. Huels, T. Kiefer, M. Maslin, H. Schulz, J. Swallow, S. Kreveld, M. Vautravers, E. Vogelsang, M. Weinelt (2003)
Glacial North Atlantic: Sea-surface conditions reconstructed by GLAMAP 2000Paleoceanography, 18
C. Waelbroeck, L. Labeyrie, J. Duplessy, J. Guiot, M. Labracherie, H. Leclaire, J. Duprat (1998)
Improving past sea surface temperature estimates based on planktonic fossil faunasPaleoceanography, 13
B. Anderson, J. Moore, M. Eslami (1979)
Optimal FilteringIEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 12
S. Barker, James Chen, X. Gong, L. Jonkers, G. Knorr, D. Thornalley (2015)
Icebergs not the trigger for North Atlantic cold eventsNature, 520
M. Walter, C. Mertens (2013)
Mid‐depth mixing linked to North Atlantic Current variabilityGeophysical Research Letters, 40
E. Buckler, J. Holland, Peter Bradbury, C. Acharya, P. Brown, C. Browne, E. Ersoz, S. Flint-Garcia, Arturo Garcia, J. Glaubitz, Carlos Harjes, Katherine Guill, S. Larsson, N. Lepak, Huihui Li, S. Mitchell, G. Pressoir, Jason Peiffer, Marco Rosas, T. Rocheford, M. Romay, S. Salvo, Hector Villeda, N. Upadyayula, Doreen Ware, S. Kresovich, M. McMullen (2009)
The Last Glacial MaximumScience, 325
C. Deser, M. Alexander, S. Xie, A. Phillips (2010)
Sea surface temperature variability: patterns and mechanisms.Annual review of marine science, 2
W. Krauss (1986)
The North Atlantic CurrentJournal of Geophysical Research, 91
H. Rauch, Fang-Wu Tung, C. Striebel (1965)
On the maximum likelihood estimates for linear dynamic systems
W. Schmitz, M. Mccartney (1993)
On the North Atlantic CirculationReviews of Geophysics, 31
Margo Members (2009)
Constraints on the magnitude and patterns of ocean cooling at the Last Glacial Maximum
L. Worthington (1977)
On the North Atlantic Circulation
C. Waelbroeck, T. Kiefer, T. Dokken, Min‐Te Chen, H. Spero, Simon Jung, M. Weinelt, M. Kučera, A. Paul (2014)
Constraints on surface seawater oxygen isotope change between the Last Glacial Maximum and the Late HoloceneQuaternary Science Reviews, 105
M. White, K. Heywood (1995)
Seasonal and interannual changes in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre from Geosat and TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetryJournal of Geophysical Research, 100
P. Gaspar, C. Wunsch (1989)
Estimates from Altimeter Data of Barotropic Rossby Waves in the Northwestern Atlantic OceanJournal of Physical Oceanography, 19
C. Mann (1967)
The termination of the Gulf Stream and the beginning of the North Atlantic CurrentDeep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, 14
M. Stuiver, P. Reimer, E. Bard, J. Beck, G. Burr, K. Hughen, B. Kromer, G. McCormac, J. Plicht, Marco Spurk (1998)
INTCAL98 Radiocarbon Age Calibration, 24,000–0 cal BPRadiocarbon, 40
David Fratantoni (2001)
North Atlantic surface circulation during the 1990's observed with satellite-tracked driftersJournal of Geophysical Research, 106
A. Sy, U. Schauer, J. Meincke (1992)
The North Atlantic current and its associated hydrographic structure above and eastwards of the mid-atlantic ridge, 39
R. Haney (1971)
Surface Thermal Boundary Condition for Ocean Circulation ModelsJournal of Physical Oceanography, 1
M. Schulz, W. Berger, M. Sarnthein, P. Grootes (1999)
Amplitude variations of 1470‐year climate oscillations during the last 100,000 years linked to fluctuations of continental ice massGeophysical Research Letters, 26
O. Marchal, I. Cacho, T. Stocker, J. Grimalt, E. Calvo, B. Martrat, N. Shackleton, M. Vautravers, E. Cortijo, S. Kreveld, C. Andersson, N. Koç, M. Chapman, L. Sbaffi, J. Duplessy, M. Sarnthein, J. Turon, J. Duprat, E. Jansen (2002)
Apparent long-term cooling of the sea surface in the northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean during the Holocene.Quaternary Science Reviews, 21
I. Belkin, S. Levitus (1996)
Temporal variability of the Subarctic Front near the Charlie‐Gibbs Fracture ZoneJournal of Geophysical Research, 101
J. Duplessy, L. Labeyrie, M. Arnold, M. Paterne, J. Duprat, T. Weering (1992)
Changes in surface salinity of the North Atlantic Ocean during the last deglaciationNature, 358
E. Kamen, Jonathan Su (1999)
Introduction to Optimal Estimation
R. Alley, D. Meese, C. Shuman, A. Gow, K. Taylor, P. Grootes, James White, M. Ram, E. Waddington, P. Mayewski, G. Zielinski (1993)
Abrupt increase in Greenland snow accumulation at the end of the Younger Dryas eventNature, 362
D. Fraser (1968)
A new technique for the optimal smoothing of data
C. Jackson (2000)
Sensitivity of stationary wave amplitude to regional changes in Laurentide ice sheet topography in single‐layer models of the atmosphereJournal of Geophysical Research, 105
M. Chapman, N. Shackleton, Meixun Zhao, G. Eglinton (1996)
Faunal and alkenone reconstructions of subtropical North Atlantic surface hydrography and paleotemperature over the last 28 kyrPaleoceanography, 11
E. Bard, M. Arnold, P. Maurice, J. Duprat, J. Moyes, J. Duplessy (1987)
Retreat velocity of the North Atlantic polar front during the last deglaciation determined by 14C accelerator mass spectrometryNature, 328
J. Read, R. Pollard, P. Miller, A. Dale (2010)
Circulation and variability of the North Atlantic Current in the vicinity of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 57
T. Rossby, J. Nilsson (2003)
Current switching as the cause of rapid warming at the end of the last Glacial Maximum and Younger DryasGeophysical Research Letters, 30
Katsumi Matsumoto, J. Lynch‐Stieglitz (2003)
Persistence of Gulf Stream separation during the Last Glacial Period: Implications for current separation theoriesJournal of Geophysical Research, 108
G. Evensen (2003)
The Ensemble Kalman Filter: theoretical formulation and practical implementationOcean Dynamics, 53
S. Lehman, L. Keigwin (1992)
Sudden changes in North Atlantic circulation during the last deglaciationNature, 356
Xu Zhang, G. Lohmann, G. Knorr, C. Purcell (2014)
Abrupt glacial climate shifts controlled by ice sheet changesNature, 512
Christina Kluge (2016)
Data Reduction And Error Analysis For The Physical Sciences
M. Stuiver, P. Reimer (1993)
Extended 14C Data Base and Revised CALIB 3.0 14C Age Calibration ProgramRadiocarbon, 35
I. Fukumori (2002)
A Partitioned Kalman Filter and SmootherMonthly Weather Review, 130
P. Welander (1981)
Mixed Layers and Fronts in Simple Ocean Circulation ModelsJournal of Physical Oceanography, 11
A. Mix, E. Bard, R. Schneider (2001)
Environmental processes of the ice age: land, oceans, glaciers (EPILOG)Quaternary Science Reviews, 20
R. Mehra (1970)
On the identification of variances and adaptive Kalman filteringIEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 15
E. Bard (2001)
Comparison of alkenone estimates with other paleotemperature proxiesGeochemistry, 2
H. Dail, C. Wunsch (2014)
Dynamical Reconstruction of Upper-Ocean Conditions in the Last Glacial Maximum AtlanticJournal of Climate, 27
C. Wunsch (2006)
Abrupt climate change: An alternative viewQuaternary Research, 65
C. Risien, D. Chelton (2008)
A Global Climatology of Surface Wind and Wind Stress Fields from Eight Years of QuikSCAT Scatterometer DataJournal of Physical Oceanography, 38
Liangdong Chen (1995)
Mixed Layer Density Ratio from the Levitus DataJournal of Physical Oceanography, 25
W. Ruijter (1983)
Effects of Velocity Shear in Advective Mixed-Layer ModelsJournal of Physical Oceanography, 13
O. Marchal (2014)
On the Observability of Oceanic GyresJournal of Physical Oceanography, 44
T. Rossby (1996)
The North Atlantic Current and surrounding waters: At the crossroadsReviews of Geophysics, 34
C. Waelbroeck, J. Duplessy, E. Michel, L. Labeyrie, D. Paillard, J. Duprat (2001)
The timing of the last deglaciation in North Atlantic climate recordsNature, 412
C. Wunsch (2011)
The decadal mean ocean circulation and Sverdrup balanceJournal of Marine Research, 69
Chi-Tsong Chen (1995)
Linear System Theory and Design
A. Jazwinski (1970)
Stochastic Processes and Filtering Theory
F. Eynaud, L. Abreu, A. Voelker, J. Schönfeld, E. Salgueiro, J. Turon, A. Penaud, S. Toucanne, F. Naughton, M. Goñi, B. Malaizé, I. Cacho (2009)
Position of the Polar Front along the western Iberian margin during key cold episodes of the last 45 kaGeochemistry, 10
M. Schulz (2002)
The tempo of climate change during Dansgaard‐Oeschger interstadials and its potential to affect the manifestation of the 1470‐year climate cycleGeophysical Research Letters, 29
A. Bower, Wilken‐Jon Appen (2008)
Interannual Variability in the Pathways of the North Atlantic Current over the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Impact of TopographyJournal of Physical Oceanography, 38
A. Gelb (1974)
Applied Optimal Estimation
Three sediment records of sea surface temperature (SST) are analyzed that originate from distant locations in the North Atlantic, have centennial-to-multicentennial resolution, are based on the same reconstruction method and chronological assumptions, and span the past 15 000 yr. Using recursive least squares techniques, an estimate of the time-dependent North Atlantic SST field over the last 15 kyr is sought that is consistent with both the SST records and a surface ocean circulation model, given estimates of their respective error (co)variances. Under the authors’ assumptions about data and model errors, it is found that the 10°C mixed layer isotherm, which approximately traces the modern Subpolar Front, would have moved by ~15° of latitude southward (northward) in the eastern North Atlantic at the onset (termination) of the Younger Dryas cold interval (YD), a result significant at the level of two standard deviations in the isotherm position. In contrast, meridional movements of the isotherm in the Newfoundland basin are estimated to be small and not significant. Thus, the isotherm would have pivoted twice around a region southeast of the Grand Banks, with a southwest–northeast orientation during the warm intervals of the Bølling–Allerød and the Holocene and a more zonal orientation and southerly position during the cold interval of the YD. This study provides an assessment of the significance of similar previous inferences and illustrates the potential of recursive least squares in paleoceanography.
Journal of Climate – American Meteorological Society
Published: Jul 12, 2015
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.