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Restoration of Independence Most Western countries refused to recognise the annexation of Estonia and other Baltic States by the Soviet Union in June 1940. In August 1991, Estonia re- established its independence on the basis of historical continuity of statehood, receiving broad international recognition as the Republic of Estonia, which had not ceased to exist de jure since 1918 and throughout the period of Soviet occupation and had de facto existed between 1918 to 1940. The question raised at that time regarding Estonia's obligations under international law, including the continuity of international treaties, is still pertinent today. The basic principle on the basis of which solutions continue to be sought concerning the status of Estonia's international obligations is that of restitutio in integrum. It is considered that such an pproach is supported by the policies of the United States and other Western countries, who either expressly or tacitly refused to recognise the Soviet occupation of the Baltic countries and continued to recognise the de jure existence of the Republics of Estonia as well as Latvia and Lithuania. This principle was also applied in relation to diplomatic relations between Estonia and other countries; most countries with which Estonia had
Baltic Yearbook of International Law Online – Brill
Published: Jan 1, 2001
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