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twentieth centuries, and he argues that by the mid-twentieth century Hungary was no longer a backward, agricultural country. With the end of communism, Hungary is growing closer to becoming a Western state, especially after joining NATO in 1999. There are two chapters dedicated to literature and the arts and one to ethnography and folklore. The first, by Peter Koszeghy, looks at culture before the eighteenth cen- tury. He points out that when the Hungarians arrived in the Carpathian Basin, they al- ready had cultivated forms of lyrical poetry and epics, and over time the culture of the Hungarians was influenced by both Byzantium and Rome. Chapter 5, by Mildly Szegedy-Maszak, begins with the eighteenth century, when there was a "profound . turn not only in Hungary's material development, but also in its culture." (p. 347) Szegedy-Maszak argues that Hungary differed from Eastern Europe, because of the use of the Latin alphabet and the separation of church and state, which favored the de- velopment of the bourgeoisie. But Hungary also remained different from Western Europe because of Hungary's feudal characteristics. Yet, in 1868 a law was enacted that made the language o f teaching the mother tongue of the
Canadian-American Slavic Studies – Brill
Published: Jan 1, 2002
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