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In Lamu, Islamic practice and intellectual traditions in the late nineteenth century has been profoundly marked by the Riyadha mosque, established near the end of the century by Ṣāliḥ b. ʿAlawī Jamal al-Layl, known in East Africa as Habib Saleh (1853–1936). He was a descendant of early migrants from Ḥaḍramawt, Yemen, who by the late 1800s had branched out to the urban centres of East Africa, including Zanzibar and the Comoro Islands. As part of the stratum known collectively as the ʿAlawī sāda , the Jamal al-Layl family was also known to adhere to the brand of Sufism known as the ṭarīqa ʿAlawiyya. Habib Saleh was born in Grande Comore, but settled permanently in Lamu some time in the late 1870s or early 1880s. His biography has been documented in earlier studies and will not be repeated here. 1 However, one aspect that must be addressed is Habib Saleh’s close connection with intellectual developments in Ḥaḍramawt. This was most explicitly formulated in his spiritual connection to his Sufi master in Ḥaḍramawt, the renowned teacher, saint and scholar ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-Ḥibshī (d. 1915). The two men actually never met in the “real world”, 2 but al-Ḥibshī’s impact on
Islamic Africa (continuation of Sudanic Africa) – Brill
Published: Jul 6, 2015
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