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JOHN KOMLOS (Aurora, Ill., U.S.A.) Thoughts on the Transition from Proto-industrialization to Modern Industrialization in Bohemia, 1795-1830* Ever since the Utopian Socialists had first discussed the matter, but more specifically since Arnold Toynbee's renowned lectures,l the various concepts associated with the industrial revolution have been the subject of much de- bate. The timing and nature of the inception of the process, which is the focus of the present article, remains one of the most controversial issues. On the one hand, some have argued that the process was gradual and continuous, and hence had no distinct beginning, while others have stressed its discontinuity. 2 More recently Franklin Mendels has attempted to rectify some of the ambi- guity by defining the phase in which a growing proportion of the labor force was employed in traditional, but increasingly market-oriented, rural handi- crafts as distinct from the industrial phase proper. Proto-industrialization, the earlier phase, was succeeded according to Mendels by the second phase of machine industrialization: concept of 'industrial revolution' could thus refer to the theoretical instant when an economy enters into phase two."3 3 The theoretical construct of an industrial revolution does not fit well the developments in the Habsburg Monarchy
East Central Europe – Brill
Published: Jan 1, 1980
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